The document provides an overview of reliability centered maintenance (RCM) including:
1. RCM is a process used to determine necessary maintenance to ensure assets perform their intended functions by mitigating failure consequences.
2. An RCM analysis involves a multifunctional team answering seven questions about asset functions, failures, failure causes, effects, importance, and predictive/preventive maintenance techniques.
3. Implementing RCM principles like condition-based maintenance improves reliability by focusing maintenance on asset condition rather than rigid schedules and reducing unnecessary tasks.
Reliability Centered Maintenance for minimizing integrity failure by Bhavesh Shukla at APAC 2015 Process Safety Management Conference 9th March 2015 Singapore.
Reliability-centered Maintenance is a maintenance philosophy that includes a systematic approach to determining how to maintain equipment safely and economically. RCM is an invaluable business solution for companies
In situations where equipment failure is inevitable, the structured RCM process will ensure a maintenance strategy that will minimise or eliminate the consequences.
The central problem addressed by the RCM process is how to determine which scheduled maintenance tasks, if any, should be assigned to equipment, and how frequently
Reliability Centered Maintenance for minimizing integrity failure by Bhavesh Shukla at APAC 2015 Process Safety Management Conference 9th March 2015 Singapore.
Reliability-centered Maintenance is a maintenance philosophy that includes a systematic approach to determining how to maintain equipment safely and economically. RCM is an invaluable business solution for companies
In situations where equipment failure is inevitable, the structured RCM process will ensure a maintenance strategy that will minimise or eliminate the consequences.
The central problem addressed by the RCM process is how to determine which scheduled maintenance tasks, if any, should be assigned to equipment, and how frequently
The ultimate guide on constructing a FMEA process for Manufacturing, Maintenance, Services and Design.
The presentation include step by step on how to determine the failure modes, failure effects, assign severity, assign occurrence, assign detection, calculate risk priority numbers and prioritize the RPNs for action. With some examples and illustrations.
Presentation contents:
1. Determing failure modes, effects and causes.
2. FMEA team & team leader.
3. Brainstorming.
4. The basic steps of FMEA.
5. Examples.
FRACAS: A method of analyzing the failure codes assigned to the individual work orders and identifying common themes and trends. The root cause of the high impact items are determined, with a corrective action identified and executed to prevent reoccurrence of the issue.
In December 2023 we started a series of three webinars about the theme "asset management enabling technologies". In these webinars, we discuss the different aspects of connectivity and the enabling technologies, which in our opinion is crucial for the successful operation of your assets.
In this third webinar, Johan Ferket and Pieter Wielemaker will focus on three important items in the Asset Performance Management (APM) journey: transformational planning, tool and software evaluation and performance tracking.
They will provide answer to the questions:
- What are the main stage gates in the APM Roadmap?
- Which tooling and software are best suited for your situation: how to evaluate and choose?
- How to close the loop: APM performance tracking?
Introduction to Reliability Centered MaintenanceDibyendu De
Introduces Reliability Centered Maintenance, strategies employed, formulation of effective maintenance plan, reduction of consequences of failures and failure rate.
This deals with Boiler feed pumps used in power plants .
contains details about the KHI and FK series pumps , technical parameters and maintenance prctices followed for these pumps
PFMEA, Risk Reduction and Effectiveness – Advance (AIAG FMEA #4 Edition)
Is your FMEA performing for you?
This is advance level of PFMEA, Have basic understanding fo Core IATF Tools before refering to this presentation.
The ultimate guide on constructing a FMEA process for Manufacturing, Maintenance, Services and Design.
The presentation include step by step on how to determine the failure modes, failure effects, assign severity, assign occurrence, assign detection, calculate risk priority numbers and prioritize the RPNs for action. With some examples and illustrations.
Presentation contents:
1. Determing failure modes, effects and causes.
2. FMEA team & team leader.
3. Brainstorming.
4. The basic steps of FMEA.
5. Examples.
FRACAS: A method of analyzing the failure codes assigned to the individual work orders and identifying common themes and trends. The root cause of the high impact items are determined, with a corrective action identified and executed to prevent reoccurrence of the issue.
In December 2023 we started a series of three webinars about the theme "asset management enabling technologies". In these webinars, we discuss the different aspects of connectivity and the enabling technologies, which in our opinion is crucial for the successful operation of your assets.
In this third webinar, Johan Ferket and Pieter Wielemaker will focus on three important items in the Asset Performance Management (APM) journey: transformational planning, tool and software evaluation and performance tracking.
They will provide answer to the questions:
- What are the main stage gates in the APM Roadmap?
- Which tooling and software are best suited for your situation: how to evaluate and choose?
- How to close the loop: APM performance tracking?
Introduction to Reliability Centered MaintenanceDibyendu De
Introduces Reliability Centered Maintenance, strategies employed, formulation of effective maintenance plan, reduction of consequences of failures and failure rate.
This deals with Boiler feed pumps used in power plants .
contains details about the KHI and FK series pumps , technical parameters and maintenance prctices followed for these pumps
PFMEA, Risk Reduction and Effectiveness – Advance (AIAG FMEA #4 Edition)
Is your FMEA performing for you?
This is advance level of PFMEA, Have basic understanding fo Core IATF Tools before refering to this presentation.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Overview
• Background
– Condition Based Maintenance
– Changing views of Maintenance
• History and background of RCM
• The RCM Process
• The RCM team
• The Seven Questions
• Results of the Analysis
3. What is RCM?
• Definition
– A process used to determine what must be done to
ensure that any physical asset continues to do what its
users want it to do in its present operating context
– Mitigate the consequences of failure
• Yeah, but what is it?
– Highly structured analysis process to:
• Devise maintenance policy
• Design for ease of maintenance & effective operation
– Consensus from all stakeholders
– Identification of critical maintenance practices
– Reduction of counterproductive maintenance practice
Key Enabler of Condition Based Maintenance
4. CBM is the application and integration of appropriate
processes, technologies, and knowledge based
capabilities to improve the reliability and maintenance
effectiveness of DoD systems and components. At its
core, CBM is maintenance performed on evidence of
need provided by reliability centered maintenance
(RCM) analysis and other enabling processes
CBM+ strives to optimize key performance measures of
materiel readiness - materiel availability, materiel
reliability, mean downtime, and ownership costs
Condition Based Maintenance
5. What does that mean?
• Do maintenance based upon the condition of the
asset; not on rigid time based schedules
– Reservists change clean oil on schedule even though
the vehicle may have less than 100 miles since the last
oil change
• More maintenance is not better maintenance
• Excessive preventive maintenance creates failures
– Infant mortality
• Asset Health Monitoring is key to successful CBM
– Sensor selection must be examined carefully
• CBM is third generation maintenance and is an
important step toward prognostic maintenance
10. Origin of RCM
• Boeing 747 and United Airlines
– MSG-1 (Maintenance Steering Group)(1968)
– DC-8 required 4 million man hours per 20,000 flight
hours
• (200 man hours per flight hour)
– Using RCM techniques 747 required 66,000 while
improving reliability
• (3.3 man hours per flight hour)
• MSG-2 & MSG-3 followed for many military and civilian aircraft
• Nowlan & Heap, RCM, 1978
• SAE standardized RCM requirements for industrial equipment
with:
– JA-1011
– JA-1012
• NAVAIR standard – 00-25-403
12. The RCM Analysis Team
Officer or Chief
Maintenance
Officer
or Chief
Maintainer
13. The RCM Process
• Disciplined and highly structured
• Synergy created by the multifunctional team
• Collective wisdom of team members from all areas
– Operations
– Maintenance
– Engineer
– Logisticians
– Specialists
• Decisions based upon consensus
• Cross functional information sharing leading to
deeper understanding of the asset by all
14. Seven Questions in RCM Process
1. What are the functions and associated performance
standards of the asset in its present operating
context?
2. In what ways does it fail to fulfill its functions?
3. What causes each functional failure?
4. What happens when each failure occurs?
5. In what way does each failure matter?
6. What can be done to predict or prevent each failure?
7. What should be done if a suitable proactive task
cannot be found?
15. 1. Functions
• What are the functions and associated performance
standards of the asset in its present operating context?
– What do its users want the asset to do?
• Primary function – the main purpose the asset was acquired.
• Secondary functions
– Safety - Comfort
– Environmental - Appearance
– Control - Protection
– Containment - Economy/efficiency
– What is the Operating Context?
• Where, when, under what conditions
– What are the required performance standards?
• How much; how fast
16. Sample Function Statement
• PRIMARY FUNCTION - To pump water from tank X to tank
Y at not less than 800 gallons per hour at temperatures
ranging from 40 degrees F to 120 degrees F.
• SECONDARY FUNCTION - To contain water within the
pump, not permitting leaks exceeding 1 ounce per 8 hour
work shift
• SECONDARY FUNCTION – To prevent any contamination
at all of the water from lubricating oil.
• SECONDARY FUNCTION – To shut off automatically if the
water in tank Y rises above 90% capacity to prevent
overflow
19. 2. Functional Failures
• In what ways does it fail to fulfill its functions?
• “Failure” – The inability of any asset to do what its users
want it to do
• “Functional Failure” – The inability of an asset to fulfill a
function to a standard of performance which is
acceptable to the user.
– Performance standard must be agreed to by all stakeholders
• Total failure – fails to pump any water at all
• Partial failure – pumps water at less than 800 GPM
– Partial failure will likely be caused by different failure modes
than total failure
– Partial failure is not the same as deterioration
– Asset may fail by breaching either upper or lower limits
22. 3. Failure Modes (FMEA)
• What causes each functional failure?
• Failure mode statements should contain a noun and
a verb
– “Bearing seized” or “impeller worn”
– Not “broken,” fails,” or “malfunctions”
• Ineffective Failure Mode statements lead to
unproductive failure management techniques
– P: Number 3 engine missing.
S: Engine found on right wing after brief search.
– P: Aircraft handles funny.
S: Aircraft warned to straighten up, fly right, and be
serious.
– P: Something loose in cockpit.
S: Something tightened in cockpit.
23. 3. Failure Modes (FMEA)
• All maintenance is managed at the Failure Mode
level
– Reactive maintenance identifies failure modes after
the fact
– CBM requires that all potential failure modes be
identified beforehand in order to monitor, measure
and manage them
• Categories of failure modes
– Decreasing capability
– Increase in desired performance
– Initial incapability
25. 4. Failure Effects (FMEA)
• What happens when each failure mode occurs?
– Evidence of failure
– What threat to safety or environment
– How does it affect operations
– What damage is done by the failure
– What must be done to repair the failure
• Consider “down time” vs repair time when measuring
effects
• Best sources of FMEA data are the users who work
with the asset daily
26. 5. Failure Consequences
• In what way does each failure matter?
– How and how much does each failure matter
• Major consequences require great effort to
avoid, eliminate or minimize consequences
• Minor consequences may be run to failure
• Hidden failure requires special treatment
– Consequence could be a multiple failure
• Protected function fails while the protective
device is in a failed state
32. 7. Failure Management Techniques
• What if a suitable predictive or preventive
task cannot be found?
– Default actions
• Failure finding
– For hidden failures of protective devices
• Run to failure
• Redesign
33. Outcomes of RCM Analysis
• Revised maintenance schedules and practices
• Revised Operating procedures
• Recommended Engineering Changes
• Database of maintenance requirements
– Useful to provide documentation for decisions
• Analysis team members gain a deeper understanding
of the asset
34. Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA)
STEP 1: Review the process
Use a process flowchart to identify each process component.
List each process component in the FMEA table.
If it starts feeling like the scope is too big, it probably is. This is a
good time to break the Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis into
more manageable chunks.
STEP 2: Brainstorm potential failure modes
Review existing documentation and data for clues about all of the
ways each component can failure.
The list should be exhaustive – it can be paired down and items can
be combined after this initial list is generated.
There will likely be several potential failures for each component.
STEP 3: List potential effects of each failure
The effect is the impact the failure has on the end product or on
subsequent steps in the process.
There will likely be more than one effect for each failure.
STEP 4: Assign Severity rankings
Based on the severity of the consequences of failure.
35. Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA)
STEP 5: Assign Occurrence rankings
Rate the severity of each effect using customized ranking scales as
a guide.
STEP 6: Assign Detection rankings
What are the chances the failure will be detected prior to it occurring.
STEP 7: Calculate the Risk priority number (RPN)
Severity X Occurrence X Detection
STEP 8: Develop the action plan
Decide which failures will be worked on based on the Risk Priority
Numbers. Focus on the highest RPNs.
Define who will do what by when.
STEP 9: Take action
Implement the improvements identified by your Process Failure
Mode and Effects Analysis team.
STEP 10: Calculate the resulting Risk Priority Number
Re-evaluate each of the potential failures once improvements have
been made and determine the impact of the improvements