This document contains lecture slides on strings and string operations in Python. It introduces strings as a data type in Python represented by text in quotation marks. It covers string indexing, slicing, built-in string methods, and using strings and lists for tasks like generating usernames from names and abbreviating months from numbers. Examples of string operations like concatenation and accessing characters are provided.

1. BS (Hons) I.T (Morning)
1st Semester
M.Hamza Riaz
University Of Education,Lahore.(Okara Campus)
University Of Education.Okara Campus

2. University Of Education.Okara Campus

3.  A programming language with strong
similarities to PERL, but with powerful
typing and object oriented features.
› Commonly used for producing HTML content
on websites. Great for text files.
› Useful built-in types (lists, dictionaries).
› Clean syntax, powerful extensions.
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4. University Of Education.Okara Campus
Introduction To C.S & Python
 Python is a widely used general-
purpose, high-level programming
language.Its design philosophy emphasizes
code readability, and its syntax allows
programmers to express concepts in
fewer lines of code than would be possible
in languages such as C++ or Java.The
language provides constructs intended to
enable clear programs on both a small and
large scale.

5.  To understand the string data type and
how strings are represented in the
computer.
 To be familiar with various operations
that can be performed on strings
through built-in functions and the string
library.
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Introduction To C.S & Python

6.  The most common use of personal
computers is word processing.
 Text is represented in programs by the
string data type.
 A string is a sequence of characters
enclosed within quotation marks (") or
apostrophes (').
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Introduction To C.S & Python

7. >>> str1="Hello"
>>> str2='spam'
>>> print(str1, str2)
Hello spam
>>> type(str1)
<class 'str'>
>>> type(str2)
<class 'str'>
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Introduction To C.S & Python

8.  Getting a string as input
>>> firstName = input("Please enter your name: ")
Please enter your name: John
>>> print("Hello", firstName)
Hello John
 Notice that the input is not evaluated. We
want to store the typed characters, not to
evaluate them as a Python expression.
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Introduction To C.S & Python

9.  We can access the individual
characters in a string through indexing.
 The positions in a string are numbered
from the left, starting with 0.
 The general form is <string>[<expr>],
where the value of expr determines
which character is selected from the
string.
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Introduction To C.S & Python

10. >>> greet = "Hello Bob"
>>> greet[0]
'H'
>>> print(greet[0], greet[2], greet[4])
H l o
>>> x = 8
>>> print(greet[x - 2])
B
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Introduction To C.S & Python
H e l l o B o b
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

11. University Of Education.Okara Campus
Introduction To C.S & Python
Operator Meaning
+ Concatenation
* Repetition
<string>[] Indexing
<string>[:] Slicing
len(<string>) Length
for <var> in <string> Iteration through characters

12.  Usernames on a computer system
› First initial, first seven characters of last name
# get user’s first and last names
first = input("Please enter your first name (all lowercase): ")
last = input("Please enter your last name (all lowercase): ")
# concatenate first initial with 7 chars of last name
uname = first[0] + last[:7]
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Introduction To C.S & Python

13. >>> Please enter your first name (all lowercase):
john
Please enter your last name (all lowercase): doe
uname = jdoe
>>>
Please enter your first name (all lowercase): donna
Please enter your last name (all lowercase):
rostenkowski
uname = drostenk
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Introduction To C.S & Python

14.  Another use – converting an int that
stands for the month into the three letter
abbreviation for that month.
 Store all the names in one big string:
“JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec”
 Use the month number as an index for
slicing this string:
monthAbbrev = months[pos:pos+3]
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Introduction To C.S & Python

15. University Of Education.Okara Campus
Introduction To C.S & Python
Month Number Position
Jan 1 0
Feb 2 3
Mar 3 6
Apr 4 9
 To get the correct position, subtract one from the
month number and multiply by three

16. # month.py
# A program to print the abbreviation of a month, given its number
def main():
# months is used as a lookup table
months = "JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec"
n = eval(input("Enter a month number (1-12): "))
# compute starting position of month n in months
pos = (n-1) * 3
# Grab the appropriate slice from months
monthAbbrev = months[pos:pos+3]
# print the result
print ("The month abbreviation is", monthAbbrev + ".")
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Introduction To C.S & Python

17. >>> main()
Enter a month number (1-12): 1
The month abbreviation is Jan.
>>> main()
Enter a month number (1-12): 12
The month abbreviation is Dec.
One weakness – this method only
works where the potential
outputs all have the same
length.
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Introduction To C.S & Python

18.  Strings are always sequences of
characters, but lists can be sequences of
arbitrary values.
 Lists can have numbers, strings, or both!
myList = [1, "Spam ", 4, "U"]
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Introduction To C.S & Python

19.  We can use the idea of a list to make
our previous month program even
simpler!
 We change the lookup table for months
to a list:
months = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep",
"Oct", "Nov", "Dec"]
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Introduction To C.S & Python

20.  To get the months out of the sequence,
do this:
monthAbbrev = months[n-1]
Rather than this:
monthAbbrev = months[pos:pos+3]
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Introduction To C.S & Python

21. # month2.py
# A program to print the month name, given it's number.
# This version uses a list as a lookup table.
def main():
# months is a list used as a lookup table
months = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
"Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"]
n = eval(input("Enter a month number (1-12): "))
print ("The month abbreviation is", months[n-1] + ".")
main()
 Since the list is indexed starting from 0, the n-1
calculation is straight-forward enough to put in
the print statement without needing a
separate step.
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Introduction To C.S & Python

22.  This version of the program is easy to
extend to print out the whole month
name rather than an abbreviation!
months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
"July", "August", "September", "October", "November",
"December"]
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Introduction To C.S & Python

23. 
 #include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int ict, isl, eng, math, basic, avg;
cout<<"Enter the Marks of 5 subjects=";
cin>>ict>>isl>>eng>>math>>basic;
avg=(ict+isl+eng+math+basic)/5;
if(avg>=80 && avg<=100)
cout<<"4 GPA";
else if (avg>=70 && avg<80)
cout<<"3 GPA";
else if (avg>=60 && avg <70)
cout<<"2 GPA";
else if (avg>=50 && avg < 60)
cout<<"1 GPA";
else
cout<<"your are fail ";
 getche();
}
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Introduction To C.S & Python

24. 1. Computer Science 9-10
2. WikiPedia
3. www.onlineitlearners.tk
4. www.python.org
5. www.csc.villanova.edu/~map/nlp/pyth
on1
6. Udemy Online course
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