This document provides an introduction to oil and gas, including:
1) It discusses various world energy sources and the future prospects of oil and gas.
2) It shows charts on fossil fuel reserves and electricity usage patterns around the world.
3) It provides an overview of the oil and gas industry in Malaysia, including historical production, key companies like PETRONAS, and oil and gas fields.
The document discusses advances in gas data acquisition systems and gas ratio analysis that enable more accurate interpretation of hydrocarbon zones from drilling mud gas returns. Key points:
- New constant volume degassers extract gas samples more representative of formation fluids, improving consistency. Improved detection also provides high-resolution analysis.
- Gas ratio analysis, comparing quantities of heavier and lighter hydrocarbon fractions, effectively identifies fluid types when validated data is carefully applied. Ratios like LH, LM, and HM have exceptional results determining reservoirs in Southeast Asia.
- Presenting basic gas data alongside ratios and variables affecting the data brings out features to characterize fluids and reach final judgments through cut-offs and comparisons. These advances enable more reliable real-
production engineering 2 topic.
which includes the production logging tools, its application, categories of application and also some uses of the log with example in the practical life and physics.
The document provides an overview of the key components and processes involved in a petroleum system:
1) Source rocks contain organic matter that generates oil and gas during burial and heating over geological time. 2) Reservoir rocks provide porous space for oil and gas to accumulate. 3) Seal rocks trap hydrocarbons by capping reservoirs and preventing migration. 4) Traps such as folds, faults, or stratigraphic variations create structures that allow hydrocarbons to accumulate. 5) The petroleum system requires all these elements to be present and work together over time for an active system that can lead to commercial oil and gas deposits.
This document provides procedures for well test operations. It describes various types of well tests including drawdown, build-up, and deliverability tests. It outlines responsibilities for company and contractor personnel involved in well testing. Safety barriers for well tests include well test fluid, mechanical barriers, casing overpressure valves, and more. Test string equipment, surface equipment, data acquisition methods, sampling procedures, and other well testing steps are also covered. The document aims to provide uniform guidelines for Agip's well testing operations worldwide.
This document contains information about Eng. El Sayed Amer, a petroleum engineer who has worked for Weatherford Drilling International and as a process and production engineer for SUCO and RWE DEA. It discusses production packers, which are subsurface tools used to provide a seal between the tubing and casing. Production packers can protect the casing from corrosion, provide better well control, isolate pay zones, and prevent fluid movement between zones. They are classified as either permanent or retrievable based on whether they can be removed from the well without destruction. The document focuses on the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of permanent and retrievable production packers.
This document provides an overview of directional well trajectory types and calculations. It discusses the importance of well planning, defining the surface and target locations using a local coordinate system. During drilling, the wellbore trajectory is constantly monitored in relation to the predefined target. The acceptable target size must be defined to make cost-effective decisions and ensure the well objectives are met, as drilling costs depend on the required accuracy. It also notes that the target size should reflect geological needs rather than just conventions.
This document provides information on estimating oil and gas reserves. It defines various classifications of reserves from proven to unproven, and how reserves are estimated using volumetric, material balance, and production performance methods. The key classifications discussed are proven and probable reserves, with proven reserves having a 90% certainty of recovery and probable having 50% certainty. Volumetric estimation calculates initial hydrocarbon volumes using parameters like rock volume, porosity, fluid properties, and recovery factors.
The document provides an introduction and overview of offshore oil drilling operations. It discusses the reasons for offshore drilling given increasing global oil demand. It then reviews the history of offshore drilling from early platforms constructed in the late 1800s to modern large rigs. The document outlines the main steps in offshore drilling including exploration, leasing land, installing casing, cementing, connecting blowout preventers, and drilling. It also describes how wells are evaluated to determine if oil reserves are producible. Mobile drilling platforms commonly used are also identified.
The document discusses advances in gas data acquisition systems and gas ratio analysis that enable more accurate interpretation of hydrocarbon zones from drilling mud gas returns. Key points:
- New constant volume degassers extract gas samples more representative of formation fluids, improving consistency. Improved detection also provides high-resolution analysis.
- Gas ratio analysis, comparing quantities of heavier and lighter hydrocarbon fractions, effectively identifies fluid types when validated data is carefully applied. Ratios like LH, LM, and HM have exceptional results determining reservoirs in Southeast Asia.
- Presenting basic gas data alongside ratios and variables affecting the data brings out features to characterize fluids and reach final judgments through cut-offs and comparisons. These advances enable more reliable real-
production engineering 2 topic.
which includes the production logging tools, its application, categories of application and also some uses of the log with example in the practical life and physics.
The document provides an overview of the key components and processes involved in a petroleum system:
1) Source rocks contain organic matter that generates oil and gas during burial and heating over geological time. 2) Reservoir rocks provide porous space for oil and gas to accumulate. 3) Seal rocks trap hydrocarbons by capping reservoirs and preventing migration. 4) Traps such as folds, faults, or stratigraphic variations create structures that allow hydrocarbons to accumulate. 5) The petroleum system requires all these elements to be present and work together over time for an active system that can lead to commercial oil and gas deposits.
This document provides procedures for well test operations. It describes various types of well tests including drawdown, build-up, and deliverability tests. It outlines responsibilities for company and contractor personnel involved in well testing. Safety barriers for well tests include well test fluid, mechanical barriers, casing overpressure valves, and more. Test string equipment, surface equipment, data acquisition methods, sampling procedures, and other well testing steps are also covered. The document aims to provide uniform guidelines for Agip's well testing operations worldwide.
This document contains information about Eng. El Sayed Amer, a petroleum engineer who has worked for Weatherford Drilling International and as a process and production engineer for SUCO and RWE DEA. It discusses production packers, which are subsurface tools used to provide a seal between the tubing and casing. Production packers can protect the casing from corrosion, provide better well control, isolate pay zones, and prevent fluid movement between zones. They are classified as either permanent or retrievable based on whether they can be removed from the well without destruction. The document focuses on the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of permanent and retrievable production packers.
This document provides an overview of directional well trajectory types and calculations. It discusses the importance of well planning, defining the surface and target locations using a local coordinate system. During drilling, the wellbore trajectory is constantly monitored in relation to the predefined target. The acceptable target size must be defined to make cost-effective decisions and ensure the well objectives are met, as drilling costs depend on the required accuracy. It also notes that the target size should reflect geological needs rather than just conventions.
This document provides information on estimating oil and gas reserves. It defines various classifications of reserves from proven to unproven, and how reserves are estimated using volumetric, material balance, and production performance methods. The key classifications discussed are proven and probable reserves, with proven reserves having a 90% certainty of recovery and probable having 50% certainty. Volumetric estimation calculates initial hydrocarbon volumes using parameters like rock volume, porosity, fluid properties, and recovery factors.
The document provides an introduction and overview of offshore oil drilling operations. It discusses the reasons for offshore drilling given increasing global oil demand. It then reviews the history of offshore drilling from early platforms constructed in the late 1800s to modern large rigs. The document outlines the main steps in offshore drilling including exploration, leasing land, installing casing, cementing, connecting blowout preventers, and drilling. It also describes how wells are evaluated to determine if oil reserves are producible. Mobile drilling platforms commonly used are also identified.
This document discusses different types of drilling rigs used on land and offshore. It describes land rigs as heavy, light, portable, and conventional. Offshore rigs include floating rigs like drill ships and semi-submersibles, bottom-supported rigs like jack-ups and fixed platforms, and barge and submersible rigs. It then compares stationary and mobile land rigs, noting stationary rigs have advantages like faster tripping speeds but require more investment, while mobile rigs have less investment costs but slower tripping speeds and drilling depth restrictions.
Six wellsite geologists are needed for assignments in Tanzania, Mozambique, the Faroe Islands, and Norway. The responsibilities include supervising HSE matters and pore pressure evaluation, ensuring data acquisition programs are followed, interpreting logging data and samples, and communicating with drilling teams. The ideal candidates have 5+ years of experience with exploration wells, HPHT and deepwater wells, and software like Winlog, Predict, and DBR. They must be team players with strong communication and presentation skills in English.
This document discusses well control during drilling operations. It defines key terms like wellbore, well control, hydrostatic pressure, and influx. It describes how kicks can happen if the formation pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring for kicks and detecting them promptly to prevent blowouts. The first actions to take if a kick is detected are to shut in the well using the appropriate procedure, stop operations, and close blowout preventers. Developing a "shut in then investigate" culture and having well-trained crews that can recognize and respond to kick indicators are important for safety during drilling operations.
Seismic interpretation and well logging techniquesPramoda Raj
This document provides an overview of seismic interpretation and well logging techniques used in hydrocarbon exploration. It begins with introducing the aims and objectives, which are to understand the principles of seismic interpretation and well log interpretation. It then discusses various topics related to petroleum exploration including basins in India, petroleum systems elements, geophysical exploration methods, seismic surveys, well logging tools, and seismic and well log interpretation. The conclusion emphasizes that the work helped to interpret well logs and seismic sections to understand subsurface lithology and formations.
The fourth presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
Production tubing is installed in oil and gas wells to allow hydrocarbons to flow from the reservoir to the surface while protecting the casing from reservoir fluids. Tubing is specified based on its size, length, grade, and connection type. Common tubing sizes range from 2-3/8" to 4-1/2" in diameter. Tubing joints are typically 20-48 feet in length. Tubing grade depends on the application and is chosen based on strength, corrosion resistance, and availability. Connections can be either upset or non-upset threaded types.
This document discusses different types of drill bits used in drilling operations. It describes roller cone bits, which have three rotating cones, and fixed cutter bits, which have no moving parts. The key types of fixed cutter bits are PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) and diamond bits. The document also covers bit classification systems, design factors for roller cone bits like teeth type and bearing type, and procedures for grading bits after use to evaluate performance.
The document discusses well completion and testing methods. It begins with welcoming 7th semester mining students and introducing the instructor. It then provides definitions and overview sections on well completion, well testing, and drill stem testing. The document describes different well completion methods like open hole, cased hole, liner, and tubing completions. It also discusses wellhead equipment, well testing operations, and considerations for high pressure and high temperature testing. Overall, the document provides information on various aspects of well completion and testing.
Elements of Reservoir Rocks & Fluid PropertiesM.T.H Group
This document outlines a course on petroleum reservoir rock and fluid properties. It lists the course instructor, grading breakdown which is 50% final exams, and course aims which are to introduce critical reservoir properties of oil, gas, and water, and their PVT relationships. Upon completing the course, students should understand definitions of porosity and saturation, reservoir fluid behavior, and be able to calculate single and multiphase flow rates using Darcy's law. Recommended textbooks are listed.
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Coring.
This document discusses drilling cuttings analysis. It defines cuttings as small rock pieces chipped away during drilling. Cuttings are sampled regularly and analyzed to determine stratigraphy, structure, mineralogy, and pore types. This provides information on rock composition, texture, and fossils with only a small sample. Cuttings analysis is cheap, quick, and the first opportunity to examine penetrated rocks. However, cuttings can become contaminated through cavings, bit-metamorphism, lost circulation materials, and mixing during trips. The document also discusses catching, preparing, washing, drying, and analyzing cuttings petrography. It provides information on lag time calculation and different sample types.
The document discusses the functions and types of casing strings used in oil and gas wells. It describes the different casing strings like conductor casing, surface casing, intermediate casing, and production casing. It also covers casing design criteria like classifications based on outside diameter, length, connections, weight, and grade. The mechanical properties of casing are discussed in relation to withstanding tensile, burst, and collapse loads during drilling and production operations.
Mud logging involves continuously monitoring drilling operations and analyzing drill cuttings to evaluate formations and detect hydrocarbons. Two common types of mud logging units are Drillbyte systems, which provide integrated wellsite data management, and Advantage units, which offer computerized, accurate data processing and presentation. Mud logging units contain sensors to monitor drilling parameters, gas detection systems like chromatographs, and materials for examining and describing drill cuttings. Mud logging personnel such as data engineers and mud loggers are responsible for operating equipment, collecting and analyzing data, and providing interpretations to help guide drilling operations.
1. Open-hole completions, also called 'barefoot' completions, involve setting casing above the productive interval and drilling into and through the reservoir, leaving it uncased and exposed to the wellbore.
2. For a simple open-hole well completion, the process involves setting production casing above the zone of interest before drilling into it, leaving it open to the wellbore, and then installing wellhead equipment to control flow.
3. Key steps include drilling into the formation, installing wellhead valves and pipes to direct and burn off initial flow, and cleaning the well until the flow stabilizes before testing and starting production.
Lab 8 measurement of yield point of drilling mud sample using rheometer.Awais Qureshi
This document describes an experiment to measure the yield point of a drilling mud sample using a rotational rheometer. It explains that a rheometer is used to measure the flow properties of non-Newtonian fluids like drilling mud. The yield point is an important parameter that indicates a fluid's ability to carry cuttings and is measured using the rheometer at 300 and 600 rpm. The document provides the step-by-step procedure for taking measurements and calculating the plastic viscosity and yield point from the rheometer readings.
This document provides an overview of advanced well testing concepts and objectives. It aims to upgrade engineers' knowledge to prepare them for professional well testing positions. Key topics covered include: linking measurement data to customer decisions; understanding well testing equipment; preparing for different well conditions; and qualifying engineers to discuss business plans with customers. The course outlines topics such as reservoir properties, well testing purposes and equipment, testing various well types, and meeting customer needs for each test.
Directional drilling is the process of directing a wellbore along a non-vertical trajectory towards a predetermined target. It involves techniques like whipstocks, jet bits, and downhole motors to gradually build angle in the wellbore. There are three main types of directional well paths: Type I involves continuously building angle to a maximum and then holding; Type II involves building, holding, and dropping the angle; Type III only involves continuously building angle. Survey calculation methods like the average angle method are used to determine the wellbore position between survey points by calculating average inclination and azimuth angles.
This document discusses well testing and well test analysis software programs. It provides information on:
- The objectives of well testing including identifying fluid types and reservoir parameters
- Types of well tests including productivity tests for development wells and descriptive tests for exploration wells
- Popular well test software programs for analytical and numerical analysis including Saphir, PanSystem, Interpret 2000, and Weltest 200
- An overview of the Weltest 200 program which links analytical and numerical well test analysis through different modules
- Using an example of liquid productivity or IPR testing to demonstrate how well test data is incorporated and analyzed in the software
A small presentation about wireline logs, showing their function or the technology that they use.
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Petroleum Geology II, Winter Semester 2013/2014.
Rule-based systems are used as a way to store and manipulate knowledge to interpret information in a useful way. Often used in artificial intelligence applications and research.
This document provides specifications for a semester project on wireless technology. Students will work in teams to research and demonstrate proficiency in one of five wireless topics. Each team must create an informational blog and conduct a 15-20 minute demonstration of their assigned topic. Additionally, each student will independently summarize five recent journal papers related to their topic. The project aims to apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios and promote team-based and self-directed learning. Teams must register their topic by June 24th and complete all tasks by August dates to contribute to 20% of the overall course grade.
This document discusses different types of drilling rigs used on land and offshore. It describes land rigs as heavy, light, portable, and conventional. Offshore rigs include floating rigs like drill ships and semi-submersibles, bottom-supported rigs like jack-ups and fixed platforms, and barge and submersible rigs. It then compares stationary and mobile land rigs, noting stationary rigs have advantages like faster tripping speeds but require more investment, while mobile rigs have less investment costs but slower tripping speeds and drilling depth restrictions.
Six wellsite geologists are needed for assignments in Tanzania, Mozambique, the Faroe Islands, and Norway. The responsibilities include supervising HSE matters and pore pressure evaluation, ensuring data acquisition programs are followed, interpreting logging data and samples, and communicating with drilling teams. The ideal candidates have 5+ years of experience with exploration wells, HPHT and deepwater wells, and software like Winlog, Predict, and DBR. They must be team players with strong communication and presentation skills in English.
This document discusses well control during drilling operations. It defines key terms like wellbore, well control, hydrostatic pressure, and influx. It describes how kicks can happen if the formation pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring for kicks and detecting them promptly to prevent blowouts. The first actions to take if a kick is detected are to shut in the well using the appropriate procedure, stop operations, and close blowout preventers. Developing a "shut in then investigate" culture and having well-trained crews that can recognize and respond to kick indicators are important for safety during drilling operations.
Seismic interpretation and well logging techniquesPramoda Raj
This document provides an overview of seismic interpretation and well logging techniques used in hydrocarbon exploration. It begins with introducing the aims and objectives, which are to understand the principles of seismic interpretation and well log interpretation. It then discusses various topics related to petroleum exploration including basins in India, petroleum systems elements, geophysical exploration methods, seismic surveys, well logging tools, and seismic and well log interpretation. The conclusion emphasizes that the work helped to interpret well logs and seismic sections to understand subsurface lithology and formations.
The fourth presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
Production tubing is installed in oil and gas wells to allow hydrocarbons to flow from the reservoir to the surface while protecting the casing from reservoir fluids. Tubing is specified based on its size, length, grade, and connection type. Common tubing sizes range from 2-3/8" to 4-1/2" in diameter. Tubing joints are typically 20-48 feet in length. Tubing grade depends on the application and is chosen based on strength, corrosion resistance, and availability. Connections can be either upset or non-upset threaded types.
This document discusses different types of drill bits used in drilling operations. It describes roller cone bits, which have three rotating cones, and fixed cutter bits, which have no moving parts. The key types of fixed cutter bits are PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) and diamond bits. The document also covers bit classification systems, design factors for roller cone bits like teeth type and bearing type, and procedures for grading bits after use to evaluate performance.
The document discusses well completion and testing methods. It begins with welcoming 7th semester mining students and introducing the instructor. It then provides definitions and overview sections on well completion, well testing, and drill stem testing. The document describes different well completion methods like open hole, cased hole, liner, and tubing completions. It also discusses wellhead equipment, well testing operations, and considerations for high pressure and high temperature testing. Overall, the document provides information on various aspects of well completion and testing.
Elements of Reservoir Rocks & Fluid PropertiesM.T.H Group
This document outlines a course on petroleum reservoir rock and fluid properties. It lists the course instructor, grading breakdown which is 50% final exams, and course aims which are to introduce critical reservoir properties of oil, gas, and water, and their PVT relationships. Upon completing the course, students should understand definitions of porosity and saturation, reservoir fluid behavior, and be able to calculate single and multiphase flow rates using Darcy's law. Recommended textbooks are listed.
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Coring.
This document discusses drilling cuttings analysis. It defines cuttings as small rock pieces chipped away during drilling. Cuttings are sampled regularly and analyzed to determine stratigraphy, structure, mineralogy, and pore types. This provides information on rock composition, texture, and fossils with only a small sample. Cuttings analysis is cheap, quick, and the first opportunity to examine penetrated rocks. However, cuttings can become contaminated through cavings, bit-metamorphism, lost circulation materials, and mixing during trips. The document also discusses catching, preparing, washing, drying, and analyzing cuttings petrography. It provides information on lag time calculation and different sample types.
The document discusses the functions and types of casing strings used in oil and gas wells. It describes the different casing strings like conductor casing, surface casing, intermediate casing, and production casing. It also covers casing design criteria like classifications based on outside diameter, length, connections, weight, and grade. The mechanical properties of casing are discussed in relation to withstanding tensile, burst, and collapse loads during drilling and production operations.
Mud logging involves continuously monitoring drilling operations and analyzing drill cuttings to evaluate formations and detect hydrocarbons. Two common types of mud logging units are Drillbyte systems, which provide integrated wellsite data management, and Advantage units, which offer computerized, accurate data processing and presentation. Mud logging units contain sensors to monitor drilling parameters, gas detection systems like chromatographs, and materials for examining and describing drill cuttings. Mud logging personnel such as data engineers and mud loggers are responsible for operating equipment, collecting and analyzing data, and providing interpretations to help guide drilling operations.
1. Open-hole completions, also called 'barefoot' completions, involve setting casing above the productive interval and drilling into and through the reservoir, leaving it uncased and exposed to the wellbore.
2. For a simple open-hole well completion, the process involves setting production casing above the zone of interest before drilling into it, leaving it open to the wellbore, and then installing wellhead equipment to control flow.
3. Key steps include drilling into the formation, installing wellhead valves and pipes to direct and burn off initial flow, and cleaning the well until the flow stabilizes before testing and starting production.
Lab 8 measurement of yield point of drilling mud sample using rheometer.Awais Qureshi
This document describes an experiment to measure the yield point of a drilling mud sample using a rotational rheometer. It explains that a rheometer is used to measure the flow properties of non-Newtonian fluids like drilling mud. The yield point is an important parameter that indicates a fluid's ability to carry cuttings and is measured using the rheometer at 300 and 600 rpm. The document provides the step-by-step procedure for taking measurements and calculating the plastic viscosity and yield point from the rheometer readings.
This document provides an overview of advanced well testing concepts and objectives. It aims to upgrade engineers' knowledge to prepare them for professional well testing positions. Key topics covered include: linking measurement data to customer decisions; understanding well testing equipment; preparing for different well conditions; and qualifying engineers to discuss business plans with customers. The course outlines topics such as reservoir properties, well testing purposes and equipment, testing various well types, and meeting customer needs for each test.
Directional drilling is the process of directing a wellbore along a non-vertical trajectory towards a predetermined target. It involves techniques like whipstocks, jet bits, and downhole motors to gradually build angle in the wellbore. There are three main types of directional well paths: Type I involves continuously building angle to a maximum and then holding; Type II involves building, holding, and dropping the angle; Type III only involves continuously building angle. Survey calculation methods like the average angle method are used to determine the wellbore position between survey points by calculating average inclination and azimuth angles.
This document discusses well testing and well test analysis software programs. It provides information on:
- The objectives of well testing including identifying fluid types and reservoir parameters
- Types of well tests including productivity tests for development wells and descriptive tests for exploration wells
- Popular well test software programs for analytical and numerical analysis including Saphir, PanSystem, Interpret 2000, and Weltest 200
- An overview of the Weltest 200 program which links analytical and numerical well test analysis through different modules
- Using an example of liquid productivity or IPR testing to demonstrate how well test data is incorporated and analyzed in the software
A small presentation about wireline logs, showing their function or the technology that they use.
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Petroleum Geology II, Winter Semester 2013/2014.
Rule-based systems are used as a way to store and manipulate knowledge to interpret information in a useful way. Often used in artificial intelligence applications and research.
This document provides specifications for a semester project on wireless technology. Students will work in teams to research and demonstrate proficiency in one of five wireless topics. Each team must create an informational blog and conduct a 15-20 minute demonstration of their assigned topic. Additionally, each student will independently summarize five recent journal papers related to their topic. The project aims to apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios and promote team-based and self-directed learning. Teams must register their topic by June 24th and complete all tasks by August dates to contribute to 20% of the overall course grade.
This document discusses connecting PHP to a MySQL database. It explains how to connect to a MySQL database, select a database, query and access tables, and perform common SQL commands like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE from PHP scripts. Examples are provided of connecting to a database, selecting the table, fetching rows from a query result, and using the data to generate an HTML table. The key steps are connecting to the MySQL server, selecting the database, constructing SQL queries to select, update, or delete data, and handling the result rows.
This document discusses databases and SQL. It defines a database as an integrated collection of data managed by a database management system (DBMS) using SQL. The most popular type is the relational database which organizes data into tables related through primary keys. SQL is used for queries with statements like SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE. Database interfaces like Perl DBI, PHP dbx, and Python DB-API allow access from programming languages. ADO.NET is an API for database access in .NET.
Session in PHP allows for maintaining and accessing user data across multiple pages of a website. It stores data on the server side and associates it with a unique ID saved in a cookie on the client side. The $_SESSION superglobal array is used to store and retrieve session variables. Session_start() must be called before accessing session variables, and session_destroy() ends the current session and destroys all associated data. Sample code demonstrates registering a session on login and checking for a valid session on subsequent pages.
Cookies are small files stored on a user's computer that identify the user. PHP allows creation and retrieval of cookie values. To create a cookie, setcookie() must be called before the HTML tag and assigns a name, value, and expiration time. Cookie values are automatically URL encoded when sent and decoded when received. To retrieve a cookie value, check if it is set in the $_COOKIE superglobal array. Cookies can be deleted by setting the expiration time in the past.
This document provides an overview of various JavaScript objects including the Math, String, Date, document, and window objects. It describes key properties and methods for each object, and provides examples of how to use the Date and window objects.
Javascript - Getting Good with Loop and ArrayFirdaus Adib
This document discusses arrays in JavaScript. It defines arrays as data structures that can store related data and notes that JavaScript arrays are dynamic entities that can change in size after being created. Elements in an array are accessed using indexes in square brackets. The document then provides examples of how to declare, allocate, initialize, and manipulate array values and elements in JavaScript.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript and DOM for a lecture on internet programming. It outlines the objectives of understanding basic JavaScript concepts and the client-server model. The agenda covers what JavaScript is and why it is useful, where JavaScript code can be located, and how to process user input with DOM. It also gives examples of arithmetic operators in JavaScript and a simple cashier application example.
Additional exercise for apa referencesFirdaus Adib
This document provides references for 5 sources in APA style, including books, newspaper articles, and websites. The references are listed alphabetically and provide the author's name, publication year, title, publisher or source, and page numbers when relevant. Proper APA style is followed with indentation of lines after the first for each individual reference.
This document provides guidance on summarizing texts effectively in 3 sentences or less. It explains that a summary presents the main ideas and most important information from the original text in a condensed form. The document outlines techniques for summarizing such as understanding the author's purpose and main point, paraphrasing using different vocabulary, and avoiding directly copying phrases from the original text. Readers are advised to focus on topic sentences, supporting details, and omit personal opinions when writing a summary.
American psychological association (apa)Firdaus Adib
The document discusses the American Psychological Association (APA) style for citing references and formatting papers. APA style provides guidelines for formatting papers, citing references in-text, and constructing reference lists. It describes an author-date citation system where references are listed alphabetically by author's last name and date. Examples are provided for citing different source types, such as books, journal articles, and websites, both in-text and in the reference list. Key components of reference list entries are identified for different source formats.
This document discusses referencing and citing sources in academic writing. It covers creating bibliographies and references, defining plagiarism, and the APA documentation style. The key points are:
- Bibliographies and references list sources used and include author, date, title, publisher details.
- Plagiarism involves using others' words or ideas without proper citation. Sources must be acknowledged using quotation marks or paraphrasing with citation.
- The APA style numbers references in text and provides guidelines for citing different source types and multiple sources.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024Vadym Kazulkin
Java is for many years one of the most popular programming languages, but it used to have hard times in the Serverless community. Java is known for its high cold start times and high memory footprint, comparing to other programming languages like Node.js and Python. In this talk I'll look at the general best practices and techniques we can use to decrease memory consumption, cold start times for Java Serverless development on AWS including GraalVM (Native Image) and AWS own offering SnapStart based on Firecracker microVM snapshot and restore and CRaC (Coordinated Restore at Checkpoint) runtime hooks. I'll also provide a lot of benchmarking on Lambda functions trying out various deployment package sizes, Lambda memory settings, Java compilation options and HTTP (a)synchronous clients and measure their impact on cold and warm start times.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectors
Introduction to oil & gas [read only]
1. INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS
Part 1 : Energy
UTP Course For Beginners
Dr Deva Ghosh
Professor in Geophysics
Head Center of seismic Imaging ( C.S. I )
Compiled by Muhammad Najmi 6/10/2011
4. Power Balance : Fossil Fuel Reserves
LEGEND BARS
OIL
GAS
COAL
ENERGY USAGE
5. Electricity Usage at Night
Power Map : The colour-coded image of the Earth at
night shows the use of electricity for Lighting is
concentrated in industrialized regions(yellow)
The red parts correspond to oil flares.
11. PETRONAS a Fortune 500 Company **
Has interest in 30 countries
TOP TEN **
@ Profit
@ Return in
Asset &
Revenue
44% of Malaysia’s Govt.
revenue contributed by
PETRONAS
Including Malaysia
12. Malaysia Oil and Gas Fields
M’SIA/THAI JOINT
DEVELOPMENT
JOINT DEVELOPMENT
M’SIA/VIETNAM
Production Breakdown
Sabah
8%
PM 42%
Sarawak 50%
13. Malaysia Oil Production Breakdown
and Gas Sabah
8%
Reserves PM 42%
(billion barrels)
Sarawak 50%
Reserve ( B.O.E )
(billion barrels)
Production
(million barrels)
Oil & Condensate 23rd
(World Ranking)
Natural Gas 14th
16. Shifting Continent
Alfred Waegner Theory of
Continental drift
Based on matching Coast line.
However he said
Geological studies has to
give the evidences
17. S.E. ASIA BASIN EVOLUTION EARLY EOCENE (~55 MA) TO Curreny
500ma
40 ma
10 ma
0
60 ma
20 ma
30
30
20
EarlyOligocene
EarlyOligocene
Late Eocene
Paleocene
Late Eocene
Eocene
Eocene
Late Miocene
Late Miocene
Early Miocene
Present Miocene
Early day
Present day
1) Collision of India plate moving eastward with Asia
plate
2) Further Collision with Australia plate moving
Northward
Modified. from Scotese and PALEOMAP (2005) Courtesy Harry Doust
18. Delta Satellite Images
Mekong Delta, Thailand
Mahakam Delta, East Niger Delta, Nigeria
Kalimantan, Indonesia
19. Bay of Bengal,
Ganges Delta, India
India
DELTA IMAGES
Turkmenistan Ural Delta,
Delta Kazakhstan
20. S.E. Asia Basin Geometry
Satellite View
Pacific
Deepwater
Mature
VARIOUS CONSON
BASINS
MALAY
SARAWAK SABAH
SUMATRA
200 KM
SEG Research Workshop, KL 2008
21. Malay Basin Geology
Malay basin is a prolific
Petroleum Tertiary basin that
has seen four decades of
extensive E & P activity.
It is an extensional deep
(12Km) mature, NW trending
basin. With dimension 500 X
200 sq km
Exploration is focused in
Miocene stratigraphic. Units
called Group E to K .
Youngest to oldest.
Courtesy PETRONAS
23. Petroleum System Processes
Gas
Cap
Oil
Entrapment Water Seal Rock
Reservoir
Rock
Migration
120° F
350° F
Generation
24803
Source: AAPG
Source: AAPG
25. H.C. OCCURRENCE PROBABILITY MAP
MALAY BASIN
K GRP SOURCE ROCK I GRP
OIL & GAS FIELDS
LACUSTRINE. COALY
THICK THIN
THIN
Oil and gas distribution is a Combination of
the source rock distribution & their
maturity .
Gas is generated at high maturity
MATURITY MAP
Oil and gas distribution function of source rock and their maturity
26. LIFE OF FIELD
Exploration
Block Frontier Prospect
Planning Drilling
Acquisition Exploration Evaluation
Appraisal
Reserve &
Discovery Volumes Appraisal
Economic
Field Development
PVT
Reservoir Production Development Infill
Simulation RFT
Static Model DST Forecast Plan Drilling
Secondary Recovery
FLOODING
SECONDARY PRODUCER &
EOR INJECTION
INJECTOR
RECOVERY
27. THE G & G LINK
GEOLOGY
SEISMIC
DATA
*
ACQUISITION
VIBROSEIS SEISMIC DATA
SOURCE
Subsurface is explored by exciting the earth by a SOURCE like , Dynamite or VIBROSEIS.
This creates a seismic wave that enters the subsurface and is returned to the surface by
the Reflection process in the form of a Seismic Response, that is recorded on the surface
by a sensor ( geophone/hydrophone)
27
28. LIFE OF FIELD
EXPLORATIO / APPRAISAL / DEVELOPME T / PRODUCTIO .
GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS OTHERS
Outcrops Seismic Acquisition Gravity magnetic
Basin Study Seismic Processing Positioning
Sequence Strat Seismic Interpretation Remote Sensing
Geochemistry Seismic Evaluation Core & Sidewall
Sample
Structural Geology Rock Physics Pressure
Sedimentlogy
Wire line Log
Biostratigraphy
Integrated G&G Studies
DRILLING
28
29. ALLIED DISCIPLINES
INFLUENCING G & G
PETROLEUM
PETROPHYSICS RESERVOIR
ENGG.
G&G
COMPUTER PETROLEUM
TECHNOLOGY DRILLING ECONOMICS
30. Carbonate G @ G Link
PSTM Stack Line 1990
Seismic
Outcrop
30
33. DEEPWATER IMAGES
Brazil
West Nile Delta
Courtesy Enterprise Oil/Shell
West Africa
L in e 3
Courtesy BG plc
Courtesy BP
500m
33
34. SUMANDAK BURIED HILL PLAY
DEPOSITIONAL MODEL
N
N SB3
SB2
SB1
FS1
TS1
TS2
FS1
TS1
TS2
Deposition of sand during high stand
Truncation during low stand event
N
SB4 IVC
SB3
SB2
SB1
IVA
FS1
SEAL?
TS2 TS1
Overlain by clay during subsequence transgressive event
34
36. FORWARD & INVERSE SEISMIC
PROBLEM
START END
ACQUISITION Structure
SYSTEMS Velocity
Rock, Fluid, Lithology
t
MODELLING
WAVELET
RECOVER
GEOLOGY
EARTH PROPOGATION
INVERSION
EFFECT
t
* DECONVOLVE
CONVOLVE
*
EARTH MODEL
• Vp, Vs, ρ
• Porosity SEISMIC RESPONSE
• Structure
• Saturation 36
37. EOR Application in Malay Basin
EOR CHALLENGES
1) Production comes from offshore fields
where EOR is challenging and expensive.
2) Well spacing is coarse at 1000ft to 3000ft.
3) Many wells are deviated
4) Facilities are ageing 20 years or older.
5) 5) The reservoirs are complex, and compartmentalized.
6) Fields are mature and reservoirs depleted.
7) Oil is light with API around 45 degrees.
8)Reservoir temperatures are high
37
38. GEOHAZARD CLASSIFICATION
FLOWCHART
SHALLOW GAS
FLUID EXPULSIO
MUD VOLCA OES
POCKMARKS
SHALLOW WATER FLOW
SAND FLOW
GAS HYDRATES
FISSURES
B.S.R. CRATERS
GEO-HAZARD
CLASSIFICATIO
SLUMPI G
OVER-PRESSURES LA DSLIDES
BLOW-OUT FAULTS GORGES
I STABILITY
39. GEOHAZARD IMAGES
GAS CHIMNEY
A B
Ring faulting of seabed B
C Gas wipeout A
Fissures/erocis C
40. GEOHAZARD IMAGES
MALAYSIAN OFFSHORE
Gas bubbling in water
Magic of Seismic in detecting Gas bubbling in water
42. SINKING OF DRILLING RIG
DUE TO GAS HAZARD
1 2
3 4
Gas escape causes Seawater density to drop resulting in the Platform to sink
43. Improving Pore Pressure Prediction
Thermal Effects
New Prospect
P-T G radient = 0.5-1.0 M pa/°C
Pore Pressure Prediction Pressure (ppg, M W E )
7.0 12.0 17.0 22.0
In the Malay basin 2000
2500
Top of Overpressure
3000
Depth (m)
0
Seism ic P redic tion
-200 Tangga-2 Bujang-4 Noring-2 Inas-1 3500
Bujang-2 Sepat-1 T.Barat Guling-1 Trend Estim ation
-400 Bujang-3A Sepat-2 Melor-1 Melor-2
-600 Hard Overpressure
4000
-800
-1000
-1200
4500
-1400
Thermal Effects Included in Trend
Depth (m TVDSS)
-1600
Onset of Overpre ssure Generation
-1800
L i th 5000
-2000 os
ta ti
-2200
cS
tre
ss
-2400 P -T G r a d ie n t = 0 .5 - 1 .0 M p a /° C
-2600 20
ppg
-2800 P r e s s u r e (p p g , M W E )
18
-3000 pp 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
g
-3200 Expected High Pressure Zones 14
16
pp
1500
pp g
-3400 g
10
8.
12
33
pp
-3600 1700
pp
pp
g
g
g
-3800
-4000
1900
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
0 500 1500 2500 3500 4500 5500 6500 7500 8500 9500
Pressure (psi) 2100
Depth (m)
2300
2500
2700
Perfect Match with Observed
2900
pressure (green) in Well Trend
Thermal Effects Included Perfect Match with Observed
in Trend Generation pressure (green) in Well Trend
Courtesy PRSB-UTP