This document introduces JSON-LD (JSON for Linking Data), which addresses two problems with standard JSON: ambiguity and lack of linking. JSON-LD adds context and identifiers to make JSON data unambiguous and able to link to other related data. It defines JSON documents as labeled, directed graphs. Examples show how JSON-LD can clarify data meaning through context, link related entities through identifiers, and support applications like search engine optimization, APIs, and Gmail actions.

1. Introduction to JSON-LD
Bo-Kai Hsu
許許許博博博凱凱凱
January 06, 2016
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Introduction to JSON-LD

2. Outline
1 Why Using JSON-LD
2 How To Deal With Ambiguity
3 How To Deal With Linking
4 What Is JSON-LD
5 Applications of JSON-LD
6 Conclusion
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3. Why Using JSON-LD
Outline
1 Why Using JSON-LD
2 How To Deal With Ambiguity
3 How To Deal With Linking
4 What Is JSON-LD
5 Applications of JSON-LD
6 Conclusion
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4. Why Using JSON-LD
Why Using JSON-LD
What’s the problem with JSON ?
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5. Why Using JSON-LD
Why Using JSON-LD
What’s the problem with JSON ?
1 {
2 " i d " : 3 ,
3 "number" : 4 ,
4 " value " : 5 ,
5 " count " : 6
6 }
What’s the meaning of this JSON ?
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6. Why Using JSON-LD
Why Using JSON-LD
What’s the problem with JSON ?
1 {
2 " i d " : 3 ,
3 "number" : 4 ,
4 " value " : 5 ,
5 " count " : 6
6 }
What’s the meaning of this JSON ?
The first problem is ambiguity of JSON !!
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7. Why Using JSON-LD
Why Using JSON-LD
What’s the meaning of this JSON?
1 {
2 "name" : "Bob" ,
3 "number" : 17 ,
4 " percentage " : 32.3 ,
5 " s t e a l " : 2.2 ,
6 " a s s i s t " 7.5
7 }
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8. Why Using JSON-LD
Why Using JSON-LD
What’s the meaning of this JSON?
1 {
2 "name" : "Bob" ,
3 "number" : 17 ,
4 " percentage " : 32.3 ,
5 " s t e a l " : 2.2 ,
6 " a s s i s t " 7.5
7 }
describing a student named Bob?
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9. Why Using JSON-LD
Why Using JSON-LD
What’s the meaning of this JSON?
1 {
2 "name" : "Bob" ,
3 "number" : 17 ,
4 " percentage " : 32.3 ,
5 " s t e a l " : 2.2 ,
6 " a s s i s t " 7.5
7 }
describing a student named Bob?
describing a basketball player named Bob?
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10. Why Using JSON-LD
Why Using JSON-LD
What’s the meaning of this JSON?
1 {
2 "name" : "Bob" ,
3 "number" : 17 ,
4 " percentage " : 32.3 ,
5 " s t e a l " : 2.2 ,
6 " a s s i s t " 7.5
7 }
describing a student named Bob?
describing a basketball player named Bob?
the same JSON means different?
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11. Why Using JSON-LD
Why Using JSON-LD
different JSON means the same?
1 {
2 " p l a y e r " : "Bob" ,
3 " Id " : 17 ,
4 " shooting " : 32.3 ,
5 "ST" : 2.2 ,
6 "AST" : 7.5
7 }
describing a basketball player named Bob?
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12. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Outline
1 Why Using JSON-LD
2 How To Deal With Ambiguity
3 How To Deal With Linking
4 What Is JSON-LD
5 Applications of JSON-LD
6 Conclusion
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13. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Specific
specifying the clear definition by an URI
http://schema.org provides shared common vocabulary
1 {
2 " http :// schema . org /name" : "Bob" ,
3 " http :// example . com/ JerseyNumber " : 17 ,
4 " http :// example . com/ FieldGoalPercentage " : 32.3
5 }
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14. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Specific
specifying the clear definition by an URI
http://schema.org provides shared common vocabulary
1 {
2 " http :// schema . org /name" : "Bob" ,
3 " http :// example . com/ JerseyNumber " : 17 ,
4 " http :// example . com/ FieldGoalPercentage " : 32.3
5 }
specific but too complicated ?
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15. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Concise
concise but ambiguous ?
1 {
2 " p l a y e r " : "Bob" ,
3 " Id " : 17 ,
4 " shooting " : 32.3 ,
5 "ST" : 2.2 ,
6 "AST" : 7.5
7 }
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16. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Specific And Concise
With "@context", being specific and concise!!
1 {
2 " @context " : " b a s k e t b a l l " ,
3 " p l a y e r " : "Bob" ,
4 " Id " : 17 ,
5 " shooting " : 32.3 ,
6 "ST" : 2.2 ,
7 "AST" : 7.5
8 }
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17. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Specific And Concise
With "@context", being concise and specific !!
1 {
2 " @context " : {
3 "name" : " http :// schema . org /name" ,
4 "number" : " http :// example . com/ JerseyNumber " ,
5 "FGP" : " http :// example . com/ FieldGoalPercentage "
6 } ,
7 "name" : "Bob" ,
8 "number" : 17 ,
9 "FGP" : 32.3
10 }
JSON-LD uses "@context" to define document context
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18. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Context
"@context" defines
1 What do properties exactly means?
2 What type is the value?
What type is "02.15"?
1 Date (February 15) ?
2 Time (a quarter past two) ?
3 Decimal (2.15) ?
4 Percentage (2.15%)?
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19. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Specific And Concise
define type
1 {
2 " @context " : { . . . } ,
3 "name" : "Bob" ,
4 "number" : {
5 " @value " : "17" ,
6 "@type" : " http ://www. w3 . org /2001/XMLSchema#
i n t e g e r "
7 }
8 "FGP" : {
9 " @value " : " 32.3 " ,
10 "@type" : " http ://www. w3 . org /2001/XMLSchema#
decimal "
11 }
12 }
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20. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Specific And Concise
define type in "@context"
1 {
2 " @context " : {
3 "name" : " http :// schema . org /name" ,
4 "number" : {
5 "@id" : " http :// example . com/ JerseyNumber " ,
6 "@type" : " http ://www . . . / XMLSchema#i n t e g e r "
7 }
8 "FGP" : {
9 "@id" : " http :// example . com/ FieldGoalPe . . . " ,
10 "@type" : " http ://www . . . / XMLSchema#decimal "
11 }
12 } ,
13 "name" : "Bob" ,
14 "number" : "17" ,
15 "FGP" : " 32.3 "
16 }
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21. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Specific And Concise
context separation
1 {
2 " @context " : " http :// json −l d . org / c o n t e x t s / b a s k e t b a l l .
j s o n l d " ,
3 "name" : "Bob" ,
4 "number" : "17" ,
5 "FGP" : " 32.3 "
6 }
HTTP Link Header
JSON-LD is as simple as JSON and compatible with ordinary JSON
document
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22. How To Deal With Ambiguity
Be Specific And Concise
which Bob is ?
1 {
2 " @context " : " http :// json −l d . . . / b a s k e t b a l l . j s o n l d " ,
3 "@id" : " http :// example . com/ b a s k e t b a l l / p l a y e r s /bob" ,
4 "@type" : " http :// schema . org / Person " ,
5 "name" : "Bob" ,
6 "number" : "17" ,
7 "FGP" : " 32.3 "
8 }
JSON-LD gives your data an identifier
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23. How To Deal With Linking
Outline
1 Why Using JSON-LD
2 How To Deal With Ambiguity
3 How To Deal With Linking
4 What Is JSON-LD
5 Applications of JSON-LD
6 Conclusion
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24. How To Deal With Linking
Why Using JSON-LD
The second problem is how to link JSON !!
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25. How To Deal With Linking
Why Using JSON-LD
The second problem is how to link JSON !!
1 {
2 "name" : " A l i c e " ,
3 "number" : "27" ,
4 "FGP" : " 50.3 "
5 }
1 {
2 "name" : "Bob" ,
3 "number" : "17" ,
4 "FGP" : " 32.3 " ,
5 " help " : [ " A l i c e " , . . . ]
6 }
which Alice is ?
JSON has no built-in support for hyperlink
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26. How To Deal With Linking
Linking By Identifier
JSON-LD gives your data an identifier, which is convenient for linking
1 {
2 " @context " : " http :// json −l d . . . / b a s k e t b a l l . j s o n l d " ,
3 "@id" : " http :// example . com/ b a s k e t b a l l / p l a y e r s / a l i c e " ,
4 "name" : " A l i c e " ,
5 }
1 {
2 " @context " : " http :// json −l d . . . / b a s k e t b a l l . j s o n l d " ,
3 "@id" : " http :// example . com/ b a s k e t b a l l / p l a y e r s /bob" ,
4 "name" : "Bob" ,
5 " help " : [ {
6 "@id" : " http :// example . com/ b a s k e t b a l l / p l a y e r s /
a l i c e "
7 } , . . .
8 ]
9 }
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27. How To Deal With Linking
Linking By Identifier
JSON-LD serializes a labeled directed graph
JSON-LD can describe almost everything
without ambiguity, JSON-LD is a machine-readable data
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28. What Is JSON-LD
Outline
1 Why Using JSON-LD
2 How To Deal With Ambiguity
3 How To Deal With Linking
4 What Is JSON-LD
5 Applications of JSON-LD
6 Conclusion
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29. What Is JSON-LD
JSON for Linking Data
JSON
a kind of simple properties value pairs data format used in transmitting
data between websites
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30. What Is JSON-LD
JSON for Linking Data
JSON
a kind of simple properties value pairs data format used in transmitting
data between websites
Linking Data
a way to create network of sdandard-based machine-readable data acrose
websites
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31. What Is JSON-LD
JSON for Linking Data
JSON
a kind of simple properties value pairs data format used in transmitting
data between websites
Linking Data
a way to create network of sdandard-based machine-readable data acrose
websites
JSON-LD
a lightweight syntax to serialize Linking Data based on JSON
JSON-LD 1.0 specification http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/
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32. Applications of JSON-LD
Outline
1 Why Using JSON-LD
2 How To Deal With Ambiguity
3 How To Deal With Linking
4 What Is JSON-LD
5 Applications of JSON-LD
6 Conclusion
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33. Applications of JSON-LD
Search Engine Optimization
embedding JSON-LD in HTML document
1 <s c r i p t type=" a p p l i c a t i o n / l d+js o n ">
2 {
3 " @context " : " http :// schema . org " ,
4 "@type" : " Person " ,
5 "name" : "Bo−Kai" ,
6 "age" : "25"
7 }
8 </s c r i p t >
making search engine know the meaning of data
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34. Applications of JSON-LD
Gmail
tagging action information in Gmail
1 <s c r i p t type=" a p p l i c a t i o n / l d+js o n ">
2 {
3 " @context " : " http :// schema . org " ,
4 "@type" : " RestaurantReserveAction " ,
5 " l o c a t i o n " : " Taipei " ,
6 " p a r t i c i p a n t s " : [ {"@id" : " http : / / . . . " } , . . . ]
7 }
8 </s c r i p t >
making active service possible
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35. Applications of JSON-LD
API Documentation
describing API document in JSON-LD
1 {
2 " @context " : " http ://www. w3 . org / ns / hydra / core#" ,
3 "@type" : " ApiDocumentation " ,
4 " supportedClass " : [ . . . ] ,
5 " statusCode " : [ . . . ]
6 }
making API document browsable
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36. Conclusion
Outline
1 Why Using JSON-LD
2 How To Deal With Ambiguity
3 How To Deal With Linking
4 What Is JSON-LD
5 Applications of JSON-LD
6 Conclusion
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37. Conclusion
JSON-LD
1 make data readable for machine without ambiguity
2 make data link together
3 be applied in SEO, Gmail, and API documentation
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38. Conclusion
Questions
Refrerence
1 http://json-ld.org/
2 http://www.programmableweb.com/news/
how-to-build-hypermedia-apis-json-ld-and-hydra/analysis/
2015/07/30
3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJCtaNRxg9M
4 http://www.seoskeptic.com/what-is-json-ld/
5 https://developers.google.com/schemas/gmail/actions
6 http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/
7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x_xzT5eF5Q
8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vioCbTo3C-4
9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGg8A2zfWKg&index=6&list=
PLjaODRwyGTalY6VkIsKyuPx-CsZV2c9Xv
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