This document provides an overview of finance and economics presented by Sasank Gurajapu of the Finance & Economics Club at IIT Guwahati. It begins by distinguishing between finance and economics, with finance describing the study and system of money, investments, and financial instruments, while economics concerns the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The document then discusses key aspects of finance like who participates (governments, companies, individuals), common financial instruments (stocks, bonds, options, futures, derivatives, mutual funds, insurance), and how returns, risks, and diversification affect investing and portfolio selection. It recommends resources for further learning and provides contact information for Sasank Gurajapu.
Investment - Meaning, Characteristics, Objectives, Investment V/s Speculation, Investment V/s Gambling and Types of Investors Portfolio Management – Meaning, Evolution, Phases, Role of Portfolio Managers, Advantages of Portfolio Management. Investment Environment in India and factors conducive for investment in India
Investment - Meaning, Characteristics, Objectives, Investment V/s Speculation, Investment V/s Gambling and Types of Investors Portfolio Management – Meaning, Evolution, Phases, Role of Portfolio Managers, Advantages of Portfolio Management. Investment Environment in India and factors conducive for investment in India
Financial Terms: Financial terms refer to the specific vocabulary and terminology used in the field of finance. These terms encompass various concepts, definitions, and jargon related to money, investments, banking, accounting, and other aspects of the financial industry. Understanding financial terms is crucial for individuals to navigate and comprehend financial discussions, make informed decisions, and effectively manage their finances. By familiarizing themselves with financial terms, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of financial concepts and principles, enabling them to communicate effectively and navigate the complexities of the financial world.
Investment management is a generic term that most commonly refers to the buying and selling of investments within a portfolio. Investment management can also include banking and budgeting duties, as well as taxes. The term most often refers to portfolio management and the trading of securities to achieve a specific investment objective.
Investment management – also referred to as money management, portfolio management or private banking – covers the professional management of different securities and assets, such as bonds, shares, real estate and other securities. Proper investment management aims to meet particular investment goals for the benefit of the investors. These investors may be individual investors – referred to as private investors – who have built investment contracts with fund managers, or institutional investors who may be pension fund corporations, governments, educational establishments or insurance companies.
Investment management services provide asset allocation, financial statement analysis, stock selection, monitoring of existing investments and plan implementation.
Chapter 8- Introduction to Investment.pptxAilynSBulatao
INVESTMENT TOPIC AND ANYTHING RELATED TO BUSINESS Investment is the employment of funds with the aim of getting return on it.
In general terms, it means the use of money in the hope of making more money
In finance, it means the purchase of a financial product or other item of value with an expectation of favorable future returns.
Refers to concept of deferred consumption, which involves purchasing an asset, giving loan or keeping funds in a bank account with the aim of generating future returns
Commodities: include metals, oil, grain, and animal products, as well as financial instruments and currencies.
They can either be traded through commodity futures—which are agreements to buy or sell a specific quantity of a commodity at a specified price on a particular future date—or ETFs. Commodities can be used for hedging risk or for speculative purposes. Alternative investments is a catch-all category that includes hedge funds and private equity.
Hedge funds are so-called because they can hedge their investment bets by going long and short on stocks and other investments.
Private equity enables companies to raise capital without going public. Hedge funds and private equity were typically only available to affluent investors deemed "accredited investors" who met certain income and net worth requirements. The starting point in this process is to determine the characteristics of the various investments and then matching them with the individuals need and preferences.
These objectives may be tangible such as buying a car, house etc. and intangible objectives such as social status, security etc.
Long term high priority objectives:
Some investors look forward and invest on the basis of objectives of long term needs. They want to achieve financial independence in long period. For example, investing for post retirement period or education of a child etc. investors, usually prefer a diversified approach while selecting different types of investments.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
11. What’s Finance ?
Finance can also be defined as the
science of money management.
Finance is a term describing the study and system of
money, investments, and other financial instruments.
12. Questions to be answered ?
Who ?
Who is gonna invest ?
Who is going to manage ?
What ?
In what are we investing?
What are the possibilities ?
How ?
How does it all work ?
How do we decide ?
13. Who ?
● Governments
Public Finance is the branch which deals in this. Taxes, Debt, Revenue distribution come under it
● Companies
Corporate Finance deals in accounting, company structure to maximise value
Investment Bankers, Private Equity, Risk managers are behind most of these actions
● Personal Finance
Managing “your” money is the part of personal finance.
Personal Finance involves taking decisions about your wealth such as which mutual funds to invest in,
how to diversify your wealth, SIPs etc
14. What ?
● Stocks
Popular one! Stock stock (also known as "shares" and "equity) is a type of security that signifies
ownership in a corporation and represents a claim on part of the corporation's assets and earnings.
● Bonds
A bond is a fixed income investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (typically corporate or
governmental) which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate
● Options
Options are a financial derivative sold by an option writer to an option buyer. The contract offers the
buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) the underlying asset at an
agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date.
15. What ?
● Futures
Futures are financial contracts obligating the buyer to purchase an asset or the seller to sell an asset, such
as a physical commodity or a financial instrument, at a predetermined future date and price
● Derivatives
A derivative is a financial security with a value that is reliant upon or derived from an underlying asset or
group of assets. The derivative itself is a contract between two or more parties based upon the asset or
assets
● Mutual Fund
A mutual fund is an investment vehicle made up of a pool of money collected from many investors for the
purpose of investing in securities such as stocks, bonds, money market instruments and other assets.
● Insurance
Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss. It is a form of risk management.
16. How ?
● Companies issue stocks, bonds, options etc to raise money. This process is executed by
investment banks.
One can buy these “Securities” from Stock Exchange, with help from brokers.
● Governments issue bonds to raise money for their activities.
This are used by general public as low risk investment.
● Crude Oil, Currencies, Gold & Precious metals are the usual commodities which can be traded in
respective exchanges
17. But why and how should i benefit?
Trading
Trading is an active style of participating in the financial markets that seeks to outperform traditional
buy-and-hold investing. Rather than trying to profit from long-term uptrends in the markets, traders look
for short-term price moves to profit in both rising and falling markets.
Investing
The goal of investing is to gradually build wealth over an extended period of time through the buying and
holding of a portfolio of stocks, baskets of stocks, mutual funds, bonds and other investment instruments.
19. Initial terms
Portfolio
A portfolio is a grouping of financial assets such as stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies and cash
equivalents, as well as their fund counterparts, including mutual, exchange-traded and closed funds.
Return
Return is a profit on an investment. It comprises any change in value of the investment which the investor
receives from the investment, such as interest payments or dividends.
Risk
Risk includes the possibility of losing some or all of the original investment.
20. Types of Risk
Unsystematic Risk
It is the type of uncertainty that comes with the company or industry you invest in. How unforeseen
circumstance affects a given industry or company.
Systematic Risk
It is the uncertainty inherent to the entire market or entire market segment. Also referred to as
volatility, systematic risk consists of the day-to-day fluctuations in a stock's price.
Diversification is crucial to negating risk. Hence Portfolio becomes crucial
21. That’s all good!
Now how do we select our investments ?
And decide how the portfolio is made ?
22. References & Readings
● Investopedia.com - One-stop solution
● A random walk down Wall Street - Burton G Malkiel - Good book to begin studying
● Mathematics for Finance - Marek Capinski - Get knowing the mathematical concepts behind the
formulas and working of financial instruments. Not compulsory, but it’s good to know.
● https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/12/difference-investing-trading.asp
● https://www.investopedia.com/walkthrough/corporate-finance/4/return-risk/systematic-risk.aspx
● https://www.investopedia.com/video/play/difference-between-finance-and-economics/
● https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialinstrument.asp