Introduction To Facebook

By: Rick Mehendiratta, Zeshan
INTRODUCTION TO FACEBOOK
Jamal, Nick Dhillion

TEAM
SUPREMACY

A beginner's guide | Rick Mehendiratta, Zeshan Jamal, Nick Dhillion

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Table of Contents
Attribution ............................................................................................................................ 4
Our Contribution ................................................................................................................... 4
Wikipeda ............................................................................................................................... 5
Creative Commons ................................................................................................................ 5
Facebook ................................................................................................................................... 6
Facemash .............................................................................................................................. 6
The Facebook ........................................................................................................................ 7
Financials............................................................................................................................... 8
Website ............................................................................................................................... 10
Interface evolution.............................................................................................................. 11
Facebook Lite ...................................................................................................................... 11
Features .............................................................................................................................. 11
Platform .............................................................................................................................. 13
iPhone App .......................................................................................................................... 15
Downtime and outages ....................................................................................................... 15
Reception ............................................................................................................................ 16
Use by courts ...................................................................................................................... 16
Criticism .............................................................................................................................. 17
Children under 13 ............................................................................................................... 17
First local cases ................................................................................................................... 17
Banned by governments ..................................................................................................... 17
Africa and Middle East ........................................................................................................ 18
Far east................................................................................................................................ 18
Beacon ................................................................................................................................ 18
Privacy ................................................................................................................................. 19
Teen suicide and relationships ........................................................................................... 20
Pro-mafia groups' case........................................................................................................ 20
Phishing ............................................................................................................................... 20
Holocaust denial groups ..................................................................................................... 20
Lamebook............................................................................................................................ 21

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Litigation ............................................................................................................................. 21
ConnectU ........................................................................................................................ 21
StudiVZ ................................................................................................................................ 21
Grant Raphael ..................................................................................................................... 22
Adam Guerbuez .................................................................................................................. 23
Alessandro Del Piero ........................................................................................................... 23
Jack Thompson.................................................................................................................... 23

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Attribution
All the content in this report, except for the Top Web Links section is from Wikipedia,
licensed under the Creative Commons Share-Alike 3.0 Unported License (see below for an
overview of both Wikipedia and the Creative Commons). The following picture shows the
full license below (it is also set up as a hyperlink to the original web source for this license).

(Figure 1 – Wikipedia Creative Commons License, 2009)

Our Contribution
We have attempted to add extra value to the content by structuring it in an easy to read,
business report format and to add an informative “Top Web Links” section. We have also
added an index to help you find what you are looking for. We hope you find it useful and
worth the $1 purchase price. We have prepared this report as part of a MS Word 2007

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assignment for BSYS 1000 – Computer Applications I that we are taking at the British
Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT). All proceeds will go to student clubs within the
School of Business at BCIT.

Wikipeda

Wikipedia is a multilingual, Web-based, free-content encyclopedia project based mostly on
anonymous contributions. The name “Wikipedia” is a portmanteau of the words wiki (a type
of collaborative Web site) and encyclopedia. Wikipedia’s articles provide links to guide the
user to related pages with additional information.

Wikipedia is written collaboratively by an international (and mostly anonymous) group of
volunteers. Anyone with internet access can write and make changes to Wikipedia articles.
There are no requirements to provide one’s real name when contributing; rather, each
writer’s privacy is protected unless they choose to reveal their identity themselves. Since its
creation in 2001, Wikipedia has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference web sites,
attracting around 65 million visitors monthly as of 2009. There are more than 75,000 active
contributors working on more than 14,000,000 articles in more than 260 languages. As of
today, there are 3,062,069 articles in English. Every day, hundreds of thousands of visitors
from around the world collectively make tens of thousands of edits and create thousands of
new articles to augment the knowledge held by the Wikipedia encyclopedia. (See also:
Wikipedia:Statistics.)

Creative Commons
Creative Commons (CC) is a non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of
creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has
released several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses. These licenses
allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for
the benefit of recipients or other creators.

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Facebook

Facebook is a global social networking website that is operated and privately owned by
Facebook, Inc.[1] Users can add friends and send them messages, and update their personal
profiles to notify friends about themselves. Additionally, users can join networks organized
by city, workplace, school, and region. The website's name stems from the colloquial name
of books given at the start of the academic year by university administrations with the
intention of helping students get to know each other better.

Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook with his college roommates and fellow computer
science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes while he was a
student at Harvard University.[5] The website's membership was initially limited to Harvard
students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and
Stanford University. It later expanded further to include any university student, then high
school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over. The website currently has more
than 300 million active users worldwide.[6]

Facebook has met with some controversy. It has been blocked intermittently in several
countries including Syria,[7] China[8] and Iran,[9] although Iran later unblocked Facebook in
2009. It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage employees from
wasting time using the service.[10] Privacy has also been an issue, and it has been
compromised several times. Facebook is also facing several lawsuits from a number of
Zuckerberg's former classmates, who claim that Facebook had stolen their source code and
other intellectual property.

A January 2009 Compete.com study has ranked Facebook as the most used social network
by worldwide monthly active users, followed by MySpace.[11]

Facemash
The advent of Facebook came about as a spin-off of a Harvard University version of Hot or
Not called Facemash.[12] Mark Zuckerberg, while attending Harvard as a sophomore,
concocted Facemash on October 28, 2003. That night, Zuckerberg was blogging about a girl
who had dumped him and trying to think of something to do to get her off his
mind:[13][14][15]

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I'm a little intoxicated, not gonna lie. So what if it's not even 10 p.m. and it's a Tuesday
night? What? The Kirkland [dorm] facebook is open on my desktop and some of these
people have pretty horrendous facebook pics. I almost want to put some of these faces next
to pictures of farm animals and have people vote on which is more attractive.

—9:48 pm

Yea, it's on. I'm not exactly sure how the farm animals are going to fit into this whole thing
(you can't really ever be sure with farm animals . . .), but I like the idea of comparing two
people together.

—11:09 pm

Let the hacking begin.

—12:58 am

According to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash "used photos compiled from the online
facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to
choose the 'hotter' person." To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas
of Harvard's computer network and copied the houses' private dormitory ID images.
"Perhaps Harvard will squelch it for legal reasons without realizing its value as a venture that
could possibly be expanded to other schools (maybe even ones with good-looking people ...
)," Zuckerberg wrote in his personal blog. "But one thing is certain, and it’s that I’m a jerk for
making this site. Oh well. Someone had to do it eventually ... "[16] The site was quickly
forwarded to several campus group list-servers but was shut down a few days later by the
Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach of
security, violating copyrights and violating individual privacy and faced expulsion, but
ultimately the charges were dropped.[17]

The Facebook

The Facebook on February 12, 2004The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code
for a new website in January 2004. He was inspired, he said, by an editorial in The Harvard
Crimson about the Facemash incident. "It is clear that the technology needed to create a
centralized Website is readily available," the paper observed. "The benefits are many."[13]
On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched The Facebook, originally located at
thefacebook.com.*18+ “Everyone’s been talking a lot about a universal face book within
Harvard,” Zuckerberg told The Harvard Crimson. “I think it’s kind of silly that it would take
the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can

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do it in a week.”*19+ "When Mark finished the site, he told a couple of friends. And then one
of them suggested putting it on the Kirkland House online mailing list, which was, like, three
hundred people," according to roommate Dustin Moskovitz. "And, once they did that,
several dozen people joined, and then they were telling people at the other houses. By the
end of the night, we were, like, actively watching the registration process. Within twenty-
four hours, we had somewhere between twelve hundred and fifteen hundred
registrants."[20]

Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first
month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the
service.[21] Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew
McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the
website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[22] This
expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League and Boston area schools, and
gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[23] Facebook incorporated in
the summer of 2004 and the entrepreneur Sean Parker, who had been informally advising
Zuckerberg, became the company's president.[24] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of
operations to Palo Alto, California.[22] The company dropped The from its name after
purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[25]

Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the
next logical step.[26] At that time, high school networks required an invitation to join.[27]
Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies,
including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[28] Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006
to everyone of ages 13 and older with a valid e-mail address.[29][30] In October 2008,
Facebook announced that it was to set up its international headquarters in Dublin,
Ireland.[31]

Financials

Entrance to Facebook's current headquarters in the Stanford Research Park, Palo Alto,
California

Another view of Facebook's current headquartersFacebook received its first investment of
US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[32] This was followed a year
later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more

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from Greylock Partners.[32][33] A leaked cash flow statement showed that during the 2005
fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[34]

With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors
surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[35] Zuckerberg
had already said he did not want to sell the company, and denied rumors to the
contrary.[36] On March 28, 2006, BusinessWeek reported that a potential acquisition of
Facebook was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million
from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[37]

In September 2006, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning
acquisition of Facebook, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[38] Thiel, by then a board
member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion
based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV
brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[39]

On July 17, 2007, Zuckerberg said that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to
keep it independent, saying "We're not really looking to sell the company... We're not
looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[40]

In September 2007, Microsoft approached Facebook, proposing an investment in return for
a 5% stake in the company, offering an estimated $300–500 million.[41] That month, other
companies, including Google, expressed interest in buying a portion of Facebook.[42]

On October 24, 2007 Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook
for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion.[43] However,
Microsoft bought preferred stock that carried special rights, such as "liquidation
preferences" that meant Microsoft would get paid before common stockholders if the
company is sold. Microsoft's purchase also included rights to place international ads on
Facebook.[44]

In November 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[45]

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In August 2008, BusinessWeek reported that private sales by employees, as well as
purchases by venture capital firms, had and were being done at share prices that put the
company's total valuation at between $3.75 billion and $5 billion.[44]

In October 2008, Zuckerberg said "I don't think social networks can be monetized in the
same way that search did... In three years from now we have to figure out what the
optimum model is. But that is not our primary focus today."[46]

In August 2009 Facebook acquired social media real-time news aggregator FriendFeed,[47] a
startup created by the former Google employee and Gmail's first engineer Paul Buchheit
who, while at Google, coined the phrase "Don't be evil".[48][49][50]

In September 2009, Facebook claimed that it had turned cash flow positive for the first
time.[51]

Website

Facebook's homepage features a login form on the top right for existing users and a
registration form directly underneath for new visitors.Users can join and create up to 200
groups according to their interests or areas of expertise.[52] It will appear in the search
results of Facebook if the group is on public.[53] Users can choose fan pages according to
their interests to connect and interact with other strangers.[54] Users can set their profiles
on private so as to prevent acquaintances from contacting them. Users can also set their
profiles on public.[55] This allows close friends to send messages and add the user as a
friend. It lets users update their personal profiles to notify their close friends about
themselves. They can also join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region to
connect and interact with their close friends.[56] Public profiles also allow any stranger or
acquaintance to contact the user which results in lack of privacy. Public profiles can be
blocked by any user but private profiles cannot.

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The website is free to users and generates revenue from advertising including banner
ads.[57] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange
private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[58] By default, the viewing of
detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network and "reasonable
community limitations".[59]

Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[60] and as such
Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory.
According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as
much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft, but considerably less than Yahoo!.[61]

Interface evolution
(The) Facebook profile circa 2004–2005.

Facebook profile circa 2006.

Facebook profile circa 2007.

Facebook Lite circa 2009.

Facebook Lite
In August 2009, Facebook announced the rollout of a "lite" version of the site, optimized for
users on slower or intermittent internet connections. Facebook Lite offered fewer services,
excluded most third-party applications and required less bandwidth.[62] A beta version of
the slimmed-down interface was released first to invited testers,[63] before a broader
rollout across users in the USA, Canada, and India.[62]

Features
Main article: Facebook features

The media often compare Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the
two websites is the level of customization.[64] MySpace allows users to decorate their
profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain
text.[65]

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Facebook has a number of features with which users may interact. They include the Wall, a
space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to
see,[66] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification then
tells a user that they have been poked),[67] Photos, where users can upload albums and
photos,[68] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and
actions.[69] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile,
depending on privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post
attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content
only.[66]

Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006,
a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights
information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays of the user's
friends.[70] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some
complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were
concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as
changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[71] In response
to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include
appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what
types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent
friends from seeing updates about certain types of activities, including profile changes, Wall
posts, and newly added friends.[72]

One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users
can upload albums and photos.[73] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of
photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which
apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. In the past, all users
were limited to 60 photos per album. However, some users report that they are able to
create albums with a new limit of 200 photos. It remains unclear why some members have a
200-photo limit while others do not.[74][75][76] Privacy settings can be set for individual
albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an
album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of
another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the
Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo
contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a

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notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the
photo.[77]

Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags
and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal,
Blogger, and other blogging services.[29] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook
released a Comet-based[78] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several
networks,[79] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality
to desktop-based instant messengers.

Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to
their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a
personalized message can be attached to each gift.[80][81] On May 14, 2007, Facebook
launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[82] Marketplace has been
compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two
is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same
network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[83]

On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced "Facebook Beta", a significant redesign of its user
interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and Wall were consolidated, profiles were
separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look.[84] After
initially giving users a choice to switch, Facebook began migrating all users to the new
version beginning September, 2008.[85]

On December 11, 2008, it was announced that Facebook is testing out a new simpler signup
process.[86] On June 13, 2009, Facebook introduced a 'usernames' feature, whereby pages
can be linked with simpler URLs such as http://www.facebook.com/facebook, as opposed to
http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=20531316728.[87]

Platform
This article may need to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or
newly available information, and remove this template when finished. Please see the talk
page for more information.

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Facebook mobile graphical user interface

Facebook's former headquarters in downtown Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook launched the
Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to
create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[88][89] A markup language
called Facebook Markup Language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize
the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook
launched several new applications,[88][89] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual
gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving
users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users
share homemade videos with one another.[90][91]

Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both
allow users to play games with their friends.[92][93] These games are asynchronous,
meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made
at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[94]

By November 3, 2007, seven thousand applications had been developed on the Facebook
Platform, with another hundred created every day.[95] By the second annual f8 developers
conference on July 23, 2008, the number of applications had grown to 33,000,[96] and the
number of registered developers had exceeded 400,000.[97]

Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding
"application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be
installed.[98] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop
in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008, when its growth had fallen from
December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.

Facebook Connect was announced for the Xbox 360 and Nintendo DSi on June 1 at E3.[99]

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iPhone App
The Facebook iPhone website was launched August 2007 and as of July 2008 over 1.5 million
people use it regularly.[100] A free application for the iPhone and iPod Touch named
"Facebook for iPhone" was launched July 2008.[100] Version 2.0 of this app was released in
September 2008 and featured improved services such as being able to respond to friend
requests and notifications.[101] Version 3.0 was released in August 2009 and added
features such as events, and uploading video with a iPhone 3GS.[102]

Facebook on other devices

Many new smartphones offer access to the Facebook services either through their web-
browsers or applications. Nokia offers a facebook app on its Ovi Store for Nokia S60 devices
such as the N97 and contains most of the functionality of the full website.[103]

Google's Android OS does not as yet have an official Facebook application due to apparent
disputes between the two companies.[104] However, "wrapper" applications such as fBook
were introduced, although these ran as an enhanced version of the mobile website.[105]
Eventually, some third party applications such as Bloo and Blabber were created. These
supported Facebook natively using the Facebook API.[106]

RIM also offer a Facebook application for their BlackBerry device range. It offers a range of
functions, including an ability to integrate Facebook events into the BlackBerry calendar,
and using Facebook profile pictures for Caller ID.[107]

Downtime and outages
Facebook has had a number of outages and downtime large enough to draw some media
attention. A 2007 outage resulted in a security hole that enabled some users to read other
users' personal mail.[108] In 2008, the site was inaccessible for about a day, from many
locations in many countries.[109] In spite of these occurrences, a report issued by Pingdom
found that Facebook had less downtime in 2008 than most social networking websites.[110]
On September 16, 2009, Facebook started having major problems with loading when people
signed in. On September 18, 2009, Facebook went down for the second time in 2009, the
first time being when a group of hackers were deliberately trying to drown out a political
speaker who had social networking problems from continuously speaking against the Iranian
election results.[citation needed] In October 2009, an unspecified number of Facebook
users were unable to access their accounts for over three weeks.[111][112][113][114][115]

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Reception
According to comScore, Facebook is the leading social networking site based on monthly
unique visitors, having overtaken main competitor MySpace in April 2008.[116] ComScore
reports that Facebook attracted 132.1 million unique visitors in June 2008, compared to
MySpace, which attracted 117.6 million.[117]

According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in
terms of worldwide traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently
2nd.[118] Quantcast ranks the website 4th in the U.S. in terms of traffic,[119] and
Compete.com ranks it 2nd in the U.S.[120] The website is the most popular for uploading
photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[121]

Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries,
including Canada[122] the United Kingdom,[123] and the United
States.[124][125][126][127] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top
100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[128] and winning the "People's Voice Award"
from the Webby Awards in 2008.[129] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a
New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market,
Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer
and only ranked lower than the iPod.[130]

By 2005, the use of Facebook had already become so ubiquitous that the generic verb
"facebooking" had come into use to describe the process of browsing others' profiles or
updating one's own.[131]

Use by courts
In December 2008, the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory ruled that
Facebook is a valid protocol to serve court notices to defendants. It is believed to be the
world's first legal judgement that defines a summons posted on Facebook as legally
binding.[132]

In March 2009, the New Zealand High Court associate justice David Glendall allowed for the
serving of legal papers on Craig Axe by the company Axe Market Garden via Facebook.[133]

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Criticism
Main article: Criticism of Facebook

See also: Use of social network websites in investigations

Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years.

Children under 13
Facebook does not actively enforce the age limit resulting in children under the age of 13 to
use it.[134] It has raised concerns in regard to the safety of children.[135]

First local cases
In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus
computers and networks.[136] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy
for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the
university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked
Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page
stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school
accounts.[137] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees
in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[138]

On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered
Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police
Service their consent to release her name to the media, as well as the identities of her
accused killers (Melissa Todorovic[139] and D.B.) — despite the fact that under Canada's
Youth Criminal Justice Act, it is illegal to publish the name of an underage criminal.[140]
While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by
deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police
individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[141]

Banned by governments
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including
Syria,[142] China[8] and Iran.[143]

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Africa and Middle East
The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks
on authorities.[142][144] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social
networks on Facebook.[142] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the
government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by
imprisonment.[142]

On February 5, 2008, Fouad Mourtada, a citizen of Morocco, was arrested for the alleged
creation of a faked Facebook profile of Prince Moulay Rachid of
Morocco.[145][146][147][148][149][150][151]

In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being
organized on the website; although access has since been reinstated.[143]

Far east
In China, Facebook was blocked following the July 2009 Ürümqi riots.[8] Huanqi.com had
asserted that "Xinjiang Independence" activists were using Facebook as part of their
communications network.[152]

Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon

Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that
allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and
promote products.[153] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally
identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that
"Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information
with them."[154] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for
advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007
for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of
making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share
something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[155][156]

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Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance
and data mining.[157] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook
profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and
Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on
Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[158] The possibility of data mining
remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click"
demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by
submitting malicious applications.[159]

Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use
information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to
newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook
Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[160]
Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to
private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including
responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[161] This concern was
addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never
provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[162]

Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously,
Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no
longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their
profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove
their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or
overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for
fear employers would locate the profiles".[163] Facebook changed its account deletion
policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their
accounts be permanently deleted.[164] On May 7, 2009 it was revealed by the New York
Times that a bug allowed personal e-mail addresses of Facebook users to be easily
accessible. The bug was fixed "within hours of it being reported to us."[165]

In July 2009 it came to light that there are concerns by the Canadian Privacy Commission
that Facebook is breaching several Canadian privacy laws by not deleting a user's
information when their account is deactivated and by giving "confusing or incomplete"
information to subscribers. Facebook's Chief Privacy Officer Chris Kelly was quoted as saying

19


that "[Facebook] was working with the commission to resolve the issues". The CPC have
given Facebook 30 days before they make a further review and recommendations. If
Facebook do not comply with the Canadian statutes, it is possible that the issue could be
taken to the federal courts.[166]

Teen suicide and relationships
The head of the Roman Catholic Church in England Vincent Nichols placed a warning that
Facebook and other social networking sites may lead teens to commit suicide. Nichols
warned that social networking sites can damage intimate relationships and leave teenagers
without strong social ties.[167]

Pro-mafia groups' case
In Italy, the discovery of pro-mafia groups[168] caused an alert in the
country[169][170][171] and brought the government, after a short debate,[172] to rapidly
issue a law which will force ISPs to deny access to entire sites in case of refused removal of
illegal contents; the removal can be requested by a prosecutor in any case there is a
suspicion that criminal speech (apology or incitement to crime) is published on a website.
The amendment was passed by the Senate on February 5, 2008, and now needs to be
passed unchanged[173] by the Chamber of Deputies to become immediately effective.

Facebook and other websites, Google included,[174] criticized the amendment emphasizing
the eventual effects on the freedom of speech of those users who do not violate any law.

Phishing
In May 2009, Facebook users all over the world suffered a massive phishing campaign,
launched by Russian hackers from servers in Latvia and China, that led to thousands of
accounts being hijacked.[175] Facebook was criticized for its late reaction to this issue and
the fact that initially it merely tried to block the attack, rather than notifying users of the
situation.

Holocaust denial groups
JIDF, an activist group fighting Antisemitism, has criticized Facebook for condoning and
hosting Holocaust denial groups on its network, which are in violation of Facebook TOS.

20


David Appletree, the founder of JIDF states, “Holocaust denial is hate speech and
Antisemitism.”*176+*177+*178+

Prominent technology bloggers are also joining in to criticize Facebook. Brian Cuban, the
brother of Mark Cuban, the owner of Dallas Mavericks, in his blog post says, “Holocaust
denial is repulsive and ignorant”*179+ and calling Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg to remove
the groups.[180] Techcrunch CEO Michael Arrington says that Facebook’s stubbornness on
not removing the groups is wrong and offensive.[181]

Lamebook
In April 2009, two Austin graphic designers created Lamebook which is a blog where
Facebook users can submit funny entries from the social networking site. The site averages
about a million hits a day.[citation needed]

Litigation
ConnectU
Main article: Criticism of Facebook#Connectu.com lawsuit

In 2004 ConnectU, a company founded by classmates of Zuckerberg, filed a lawsuit against
Facebook, claiming that Zuckerberg had broken an oral contract for them to build the
Facebook site, copied their idea,[182] and used source code that belonged to
them.[183][184][185][186] The parties reached a confidential settlement agreement in
February 2008.[187] In 2008 they attempted unsuccessfully to rescind the settlement,
claiming that Facebook had understated its valuation in connection with its settlement
negotiations.[188][189][190][191][192] Despite the confidentiality agreement, a law firm
that represented ConnectU inadvertently disclosed the $65 million settlement amount.[193]

StudiVZ
On 18 July 2008, Facebook sued StudiVZ in a California federal court, alleging that StudiVZ
copied its look, feel, features and services. StudiVZ denied the claims, and asked for
declaratory judgment at the District Court in Stuttgart, Germany.[194] On 10 September
2009, a settlement was reached resulting in StuioVZ paying an undisclosed sum to Facebook
and both companies continuing business as usual.[195]

21


Grant Raphael

22


On July 24, 2008 the High Court in London ordered Grant Raphael to pay GBP £22,000
(about USD $43,700 at the then-current exchange rate) for breach of privacy and libel.
Raphael had posted a fake Facebook page purporting to be that of a former schoolfriend
and business colleague, Mathew Firsht, with whom Raphael had fallen out in 2000. The fake
page claimed that Firsht was homosexual and untrustworthy. The case is believed to be the
first successful invasion of privacy and defamation verdict against someone over an entry on
a social networking site.[196][197][198][199][200][201]

Adam Guerbuez
Facebook won a lawsuit against Canadian Adam Guerbuez, of Montreal, worth $873 million.
Guerbuez had spammed the website with various advertisements including penis
enhancements and marijuana. Guerbuez founded Atlantis Blue Capital.[202]

Alessandro Del Piero
On February 9, 2009 it was reported that Juventus football (soccer) player Alessandro Del
Piero was suing Facebook over a fake profile bearing his name that links to Nazi propaganda
sites. The Italian footballer was said to be aggrieved that the bogus account, which carries
his picture, implies neo-Nazi sympathies. Del Piero stated he's never had a Facebook
profile.[203]

Jack Thompson
See also: Jack Thompson (activist)#Facebook_lawsuit

On the 29th of September 2009, Jack Thompson filed a law suit for $40 million against
Facebook at U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. He said that the social
networking site had harmed him by not removing angry postings made by Facebook users.
He said that several groups caused him great harm and distress.[204]

23


Table 1‐ Top Web Sources
Resources
Top Web Source Source URL
Video introduction Tool kit http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=1052704311266
To facebook websites
An Introduction to Associated http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1922118/an_introduction_to_facebook_some_of.html
Facebook: Some of Content
the Best Facebook
Articles on AC
10 Key SEO Inside http://www.insidefacebook.com/2009/07/13/seo-facebook-pages-10-key-strategies/
Strategies Every Facebook
Facebook Page
Owner Should Know
Join the Top 5 Planet Green http://planetgreen.discovery.com/work-connect/green-facebook-groups.html
Green Facebook
Groups
Facebook Groups Suite 101 http://www.suite101.com/reference/facebook_groups
Facebook Best Slide share http://www.slideshare.net/worksmartemarketing/facebook-best-practices-for-educators-
Practices for emarketing-techniques
Educators -
eMarketing
Techniques
The Dangers of Medscape http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/585744
Facebook Today
The Top 75 Blog Spotlight http://www.spotlightideas.co.uk/?p=1144
Posts Facebook, Ideas
LinkedIn, and more.
Using Facebook Information http://www.ucalgary.ca/it/help/articles/security/awareness/facebook
securely Technologies
Reliable source to Rootzoo http://rootzoo.com/articles/view/Poker/General/Facebook-poker-chips---Best-website-to-buy-
buy Facebook poker facebook-poker-chips_16937
chips

24


Index
A
I T
Adam Guerbuez · 23
Alessandro Del Piero · 23 In November 2007, Hong Kong The media often compare
billionaire Li Ka-shing Facebook to MySpace, but
invested $60 million in one significant difference
F Facebook · 10 between the two websites
is the level of
Facebook · 6 customization.[64]
Facebook is a global social J MySpace allows users to
networking website that is decorate their profiles using
operated and privately Jack Thompson · 23 HTML and Cascading Style
owned by Facebook · 6 Sheets (CSS), while
Facebook only allows plain
M text. · 12
G
Membership · 8
Grant Raphael · 23 W

Wikipeda · 5

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The rise of Hate 2.0

39


JIDF Letter to Facebook Regarding Illegal Content

Holocaust Denial on Facebook is just the Tip of the Iceberg

Facebook: Holocaust Denial Should Be Discussed Openly

Open Letter To Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg

Facebook Remains Stubbornly Proud Of Position On Holocaust Denial

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40


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