This document provides an introduction to cryptocurrencies. It defines cryptocurrency as a decentralized, peer-to-peer digital cash system. The document explains that Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency, introduced via a 2008 paper by the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. It describes key concepts such as wallets to hold cryptocurrency, addresses to identify parties in transactions, public and private keys for authentication and security, coin mining to process transactions, and blockchain as the secure global ledger of all transactions recorded in blocks. Popular cryptocurrencies discussed include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, and Dash. The document aims to help readers understand what cryptocurrencies are and how they work at a high level.