introduction to computers

1. Introduction
to
Computers

2. Contents
• Definition of computer.
• Features of computers
• Working of computer.
• Types of computer.
• Classes of computer.
• Generation of computers.
• Types of languages.
• Software & Hardware.
• Memory

3. Definition of computer.
A computer is an electronic
device which takes the or data input
from the user, than processes it and
gives the meaningful result or
information.

4. Features of computers
• Storage : Computer can store large
amount of data.
• Speed : It can perform complex
calculations in less time.
• Accuracy : Performs operation with
perfect result.
• Versatility : It can work for a long period
of time without getting tired.

5. Working of computer.
C.P.U
INPUT OUTPUT
CONVERTERS CONVERTERS
MEMORY

6. Types of computer.
• Analog Computers : These computers
were used for measurement purpose.
• Digital Computers : Used to perform
complex mathematical calculations.
• Hybrid Computers : Combination of
Analog and Digital computers.

7. Classes of computer.
(size, features and usage)
• Main frame computers
– These are huge in size, especially made up of
vacuum tubes.
– It supported multi users and also the speed
was high.
– Disadvantage was it produced a lot of heat.

8. Classes of computer.
(size, features and usage)
• Mini Frame computers.
– Medium sized computers which falls between
the category of micro and main frame
computers.
– The additional feature multiprocessing was
introduced, which means working with more
than one application at a single instance of
time.

9. Classes of computer.
(size, features and usage)
• Micro Computers
– Also known as desktop computers.
– Especially used for commercial and
entertainment purpose.
– An average person can use easily this class
of computer.
– Disadvantage is it supports only single user at
a time.

10. Classes of computer.
(size, features and usage)
• Super Computers
– These are the fastest computers present on
earth right now.
– Especially used by scientist who make
research of space and other thing.
– It supports multi users & multiprocessing,
speed and storage capacity is high.
– Its cost is very high and a average person
cannot work on it.

11. Generation of computers.
First
Generation
1946-1955 Vacuum Tubes.
Second
Generation
1955-1965 Transistors.
Third
Generation
1965-1975 IC’s (Integrated
Circuits)
Fourth
Generation
1975-Present Micro Processor
Fifth
Generation
Present –
Beyond
Artificial
Intelligence.

12. Types of languages.
• High level language (H.L.L)
– It is made up of common english alphabets,
used for programming purpose.
• Middle level language (M.L.L)
– It is made up of nemunic codes, these codes
are set of different characters used for
programming.
• Middle level language (L.L.L)
– it is made up of 0’s and 1’s computer can
understand these type of language. It is also
called as binary level language.

13. Memory
Storage capicity or ablity of a computer is
called as memory
Memory Measurement
4 bits = 1 nibble
8 bits = 1 kilo byte(K.B)
1024 K.B = 1 Mega byte (M.B)
1024 M.B = 1 Giga byte (G.B)
1024 G.B = 1 Tera Byte (T.B)

14. Software & Hardware.
Software are set of programs which are bind
together to do a particular task. Programs are set
of instructions. Instruction are nothing but set of
commands.
Types of software
•Operating system / system software.
•It is a interface between hardware and the user. Ex:
DOS,windows 98, win XP, Linux, Mac etc
•Application program
•These software are use to fulfills user requirements. Ex ms-
office, media players, games etc
•Utility software.
•Used for specific purpose in an organization. Ex: software's used in banks,
airports, hospital etc.

15. Hardware:
The physical component of the computer are called
as hardware. Ex : motherboard, hard disk, RAM,
floppy, cd drives, key board, mouse, etc
Translators or converters
We have two types of translators or converters,
which converts the high level language to low level
language and vice versa.
1.Compiler
It translates whole page at a time.
2. Interpreter
It translates single lines at a time.