The document discusses the importance of philosophy in pursuing wisdom and facing contemporary challenges, emphasizing a holistic perspective in understanding life and human activities. It covers various branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic, and aesthetics, highlighting their relevance and application in daily life. Additionally, it outlines fundamental philosophical principles that guide reflection and understanding of moral values and human existence.

1. Lesson 1
Pursuing
Wisdom and
Facing
Challenges in
the Twenty-
First Century Gerlie Jane M. Labrador, LPT

2. 1.
Introduction:
Doing Philosophy

3. objectives
> Distinguish a holistic perspective from a
partial point of view;
> Recognize human activities that
emanate from deliberate reflection;
> Realize the value of doing philosophy in
obtaining a broad perspective on life;
> Do a philosophical reflection on a
concrete situation from a holistic
perspective; and;
> Appreciate indigenous thoughts.
3

4. Teacher : John, what would you like to
be when you grow up?
> John : Ma’am, I want to be
happy!
Teacher : John, you don’t understand
my question.
John : Ma’am, you do not understand
what life is all about!
4

5. 5
The thinker

6. It refers to a
perspective
that considers
large-scale
patterns in
system.
Holistic thinking
This often
described as
looking at the “big
picture” when
describing and
analyzing a
situation or
problem. The word
holistic comes
from the Greek
6

7. 7
whole
total
All
aspects
complete
Big
picture
Holistic
thinking

8. It focus on specific aspects
of situation
Partial thinking
8

9. 9
Part of
whole
specific
Not
complete
particular
Partial
thinking

10. Key elements in many
educational reforms:
> Diversity – makes each
person unique
> Difference
> Choice
10

11. The meaning of
philosophy
11
Etymological Definition:
Greek words
Philo (to love)
Sophia (wisdom)

12. The meaning of
philosophy
12
Real Definition:
The science that by natural
light of reason studies the first
causes or highest principles of all

13. The meaning of
philosophy
> Four thing to considered:
A.Science
B.Natural light of Reasons
C.Study of All Things
D.First Cause or Highest
Principle
13

14. Philosophy as a
SCIENCE
> The investigation is
systematic
> It follows certain steps
> Employs certain behavior
14

15. Philosophy as a
NATURAL LIGHT OF
REASONS
> Investigate by not using
any other laboratory
instrument or
investigative tools.
15

16. Study of all things
> Does not concern with a
particular object of
investigation
> Not one dimensional or
partial; multidimensional
or holistic 16

17. First Cause or Highest
Principle
> A principle is the form
which something
proceeds in any manner.
17

18. First Cause or Highest
Principle
> Principle of Identity
> Principle of Non-
Contradiction
> Principle of Excluded
Middle
18

19. Principle of Identity
> Whatever is is; and
whatever is not is not;
everything is what it is.
> Everything is its own being,
and not being is not being.
> Example: A chair. It is a piece of wood
19

20. Principle of Non-
contradiction
> It is impossible for a thing
to be and not to be at the
same time, and at the same
respect.
> Example: It is impossible that you are alive
and dead at the same time.
20

21. Principle of Excluded
Middle
> A thing is either is or is not
> Everything must either be
or not be
> Between being and not-
being
> There is no middle ground
21

22. Principle of Sufficient
Reason
> Nothing exists without a
sufficient reason for its being
and existence
> Example: You are alive for a
reason. The birds are there for
a reason. This pandemic has a
reason why this happened.
22

23. Emptying
The way to attain wisdom
* Intellectual – simplicity and
humility
* Spiritual – compassion
* Physical – misuse of the
senses
23

24. reflection
It requires a person to be
willing to examine one’s
thoughts, feelings and action
to learn more about one’s life
and experience. One can
reflect on utmost any subjects
24

25. WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER BEFORE DOING
THESE THINGS?
1. Buying things
2. Choosing friends
3. Picking foods
25

26. Why is Philosophy important?
> Ideas Matter
> We all have a worldview
> Philosophy examines assumptions,
asks questions, seeks to clarify and
analyze concepts, and seeks to
organize fact into a rational system for
all disciplines
> philosophy makes us more humans
26

27. Activity
> Let’s Remember
> Lets apply
27

28. 28

29. Branches of Philosophy
> Metaphysics
> Ethics
> Epistemology
> Logic
> Aesthetics
29

30. Metaphysics
> An extension of a fundamental
and necessary drive in every
human being to know what is
real
> The question is how to account
for this unreal things in terms of
what you can accept as real
> Eg. Thales (everything is water) water=reality, everything
else is appearance 30

31. Metaphysics
> The tendency to explain the
observable in terms of the
unobservable
> Plato: nothing we experience in
the physical world with our five
senses is real. Reality is just the
opposite: it is unchanging,
eternal, immaterial, and can be
31

32. ETHICS
> The branch of philosophy that
explores the nature of moral
virtue and evaluates human
actions
> A study of the nature of moral
judgments
32

33. ETHICS
> Socrates: to be happy, a person
has to live a virtuous life.
> Virtue is not something to be
taught or acquired through
education, rather, it is merely a
awakening of the seeds of
good deeds that lay dormant in
the mind and heart of a
33

34. ETHICS
> Knowledge does not mean only
theoretical or speculative, but a
practical one. Practical
knowledge means that one
does not only know the rules of
right living, but one lives them.
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35. EPISTEMOLOGY
> Deals with nature, sources,
limitations, and validity of
knowledge
35

36. EPISTEMOLOGY
> Deals with nature, sources,
limitations, and validity of
knowledge
36

37. EPISTEMOLOGY
> How do we acquire reliable
knowledge?
- Induction - the belief that
general ideas are formed
from the examination of
particular facts.
37

38. EPISTEMOLOGY
> How do we acquire reliable
knowledge?
*Empiricism - the view that
knowledge can be attained only
through sense experience.
38

39. EPISTEMOLOGY
> How do we acquire reliable
knowledge?
> Deduction - thinks that it is
more important to find a
general law according to which
particular facts can be
understood or judged.
39

40. Group activity:
> Divide the students in five group.
> Each group
40

41. LOGIC
> Came from the Greek word logike
coined by Zeno, the Stoic.
> Etymologically it means a treatise
on matters pertaining to the human
thought.
> Not interested in what we know,
rather, it is the truth or the validity
of our arguments regarding such
objects. 41

42. LOGIC
> Aristotle: the first to devise a logical
method. He understood truth to
mean the agreement of knowledge
with reality; truth exists when the
mind’s mental representations
(ideas), correspond with things in
the objective world.
> Zeno of Citium: founder of the
movement Stoicism
42

43. LOGIC
> Aristotle: the first to devise a logical
method. He understood truth to
mean the agreement of knowledge
with reality; truth exists when the
mind’s mental representations
(ideas), correspond with things in
the objective world.
> Zeno of Citium: founder of the
movement Stoicism
43

44. AESTHETICS
> The science of the beautiful in its
various manifestations including the
sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and
ugly. To experience aesthetics,
therefore, means whatever
experience has relevance ti art,
whether the experience be that of the
creative artist or of the appreciation.
44

45. AESTHETICS
> As a branch of Philosophy, students
should consider the importance of
aesthetics because of the following:
> It vitalizes our knowledge
> It helps us to live more deeply and
richly
> It brings us in touch with our culture
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46. AESTHETICS
Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge.
It makes our knowledge of the world
alive and useful
46

47. AESTHETICS
Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge.
Aesthetics helps us to live more
deeply and richly.
It helps us rise from purely physical
existence into the realm of intellect
and the spirit
47

48. AESTHETICS
Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge.
Aesthetics brings us in touch with
our culture.
the answers of great minds in the
past to various problems are part of
our culture.
48

49. AESTHETICS
Aesthetics vitalizes our knowledge.
Aesthetics brings us in touch with
our culture.
the answers of great minds in the
past to various problems are part of
our culture.
49