Intro++ to C#
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n this workshop, we will cover the basics of C# (data types, control flow statements, inheritance) and some more advanced concepts (fancy collections, event handling, linq expressions). We will be working with examples in Unity 3d. It is intended for participants at a beginner or intermediate level. You should have a basic knowledge of C# + Unity3D or do Aurelie’s introductory workshop beforehand.
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Intro++ to C#
- 1. Intro ++ to C# 1.Primitive Types 2.Reference Types 3.Special Types 4.Casting 5.Collections 6.Event 7.Lambdas 8.Linq
- 2. Primitive Types Primitive types represent simple values Description Signed Unsigned Boolean (true or false) - bool Characters (such as 'a', '1', '?') - char Bytes (8-bit) sbyte byte Short integer (16-bit) short ushort Integer (32-bit) int uint Long integer (64-bit) long ulong Floating-point (32-bit) float - Double precision floating-point (64-bit) double -
- 3. Reference Types Reference types are classes A program creates instances (or objects) of classes It keeps references to these instances in variables When an instance has no more reference to it, it will eventually be destroyed by the garbage collection. null is a special value that represents a reference to nothing
- 4. Classes Classes have 4 kinds of members: Fields (the data): variables kept in the instance Methods (the code): actions that the code can perform Properties (some more code): they're used like fields with some extra logic around the manipulation Events: a way for the code to register/unregister callbacks to respond to events
- 5. Inheritance Classes can derive from others Every class implicitly derives from System.Object Virtual, override modifiers ToString(), GetHashCode(), Equals()
- 6. Access Modifiers private: can only be accessed by this class protected: can only be accessed by this class and its derived classes internal: can be accessed from anywhere in the same project (or assembly) public: can be accessed from anywhere static: associate the member with the type instead of the instance Static members don't have access to non-static members Non-static members have access to static members
- 7. Some Special Types string: this is a class containing a collection of characters. enum: an enumeration is a list of words associated with int values. It is a very convenient way to give meaningful names to constant values, make the code easier to read. struct: structures are like class but are handled by value, not by reference. They're useful for small amount of data, such as vectors or matrices.
- 9. Control Flow Statements Branching If, else Switch, case Loops For Foreach While Do, while Break, continue and goto
- 10. Method Arguments Regular args. The caller passes a copy of the value to the callee If the callee modifies the argument, it only modifies the copy, not the original ref args The caller passes a reference to the value If the callee modifies the reference, it also affects the original out args Same as a ref argument The caller doesn't need to initialize it The callee has to write it It's like an extra return value
- 11. Collections Arrays: static, items cannot be added or removed Lists: dynamic, items can be added and removed Dictionaries: key-value storage. Values are accessed by key instead of indices Sorted Collection: each collection has a sorted version to allow faster searches (but slower insertions and removals)
- 12. Events Events are useful when many objects need to be notified when something is happening. The naive approach: the emitter explicitly calls all the interested objects The fancy approach: all the interested objects register to the emitter, which will fire its event that will be propagated to the registered ones.
- 13. Lambda Expressions Very convenient way to add small anonymous functions within other functions Can make the code harder to read when overused
- 14. Linq Expressions Convenient operations on collection Conversion Filtering Transforming Counting Merging Intersecting … Have a small performance penalty Can make the code hard to read
- 15. Some Tips for the Road Keep it simple! Don't over engineer, keep the code as complex as the task it performs, not more. Naming things is difficult, but important. Code is written once, but read many times. Spend a little more time finding good names, it will pay back. Organize your code in a way that will make it easy to retrieve your stuff.