The document discusses various topics related to global trade and business, including:
1) Countries benefit from global trade as it allows specialization and access to resources not available domestically.
2) There are various strategies for businesses to engage in international trade ranging from indirect to more direct involvement through licensing, exporting, franchising, and foreign direct investment.
3) Global trade is impacted by a variety of economic, cultural, legal and political factors that businesses must navigate such as exchange rates, regulations and protectionism.
BUS110 Chap 3 - Doing Business in Global Markets Deborah Oronzio
The document discusses global trade and business. It explains why countries trade with each other, such as not being able to produce all needed goods themselves. It also discusses importing and exporting, comparative and absolute advantage theories, strategies for reaching global markets like licensing and foreign direct investment, and forces affecting global trade like cultural differences, exchange rates, legal concerns, and trade protectionism.
BUS110 Chap 2 - Understanding How Economics Affects BusinessDeborah Oronzio
The document discusses several key topics in economics:
1. It outlines the major branches of economics - macroeconomics which focuses on a nation's overall economy, and microeconomics which focuses on behavior in specific markets.
2. It describes different economic systems - capitalism with private ownership, socialism with some government ownership of utilities, and communism with government control of production.
3. It explains that most countries now use mixed economic systems that combine aspects of free markets and government intervention. Gross domestic product and productivity are used to measure economic activity.
The document discusses several key concepts in economics including:
1. The major branches of economics are macroeconomics, which focuses on the overall economy, and microeconomics, which focuses on individual markets.
2. Thomas Malthus believed population growth would outpace food production, but others see a large population as an economic resource when educated.
3. Adam Smith is considered the father of modern economics and developed the concept of the invisible hand, where individual self-interest can benefit society.
The document discusses different forms of business ownership including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It provides details on the key characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of each form. It also covers topics like franchising, mergers and acquisitions, and cooperatives.
The document provides an overview of key business concepts including:
1) It defines goods and services, business, entrepreneurship, revenue, profit, loss, risk, and quality of life.
2) It discusses stakeholders in business, outsourcing, insourcing, and non-profit organizations.
3) It covers the ups and downs of entrepreneurship, factors of production, and the role of government and corruption in business.
001 nickels sppt chap001 taking risks and making profits within the dynamic b...Prahasta Rhino
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of a business textbook, including:
1. It defines key business terms like revenue, profit, loss, risk, and stakeholders. It explains how businesses add to standards of living.
2. It compares the pros and cons of entrepreneurship versus working for others. It also identifies factors of production like land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship.
3. It discusses the economic, legal, technological, competitive, social, global, and ecological environments that influence businesses.
4. It outlines the evolution of business from the agricultural era to the manufacturing, service, and current information eras. It emphasizes how technology continues to drive changes.
BUS110 Chap 1 - Taking Risks and Making Profits within the Dynamic Business E...Deborah Oronzio
The document discusses key concepts in business and entrepreneurship including defining business and entrepreneurs, the objectives of business, how businesses generate revenue and profits, how businesses contribute to standards of living and quality of life, the five factors of production, and how the business environment has evolved over time and is increasingly global and information-based. It addresses topics such as how technology benefits workers, how population changes create opportunities and challenges, and both the benefits and increasing costs of globalization.
This lecture discusses the history and operations of multinational corporations (MNCs). It explains that MNCs first emerged to facilitate long-distance trade in the early modern period. Major modern MNCs operate across a wide range of industries from extraction and manufacturing to services. While MNCs can stimulate economic development and job creation, they also wield significant power over governments and influence policies. The case study of Shell in Nigeria illustrates how MNC activities have negatively impacted local environments and communities in the Niger Delta region through oil spills, pollution, and suppression of dissent.
BUS110 Chap 3 - Doing Business in Global Markets Deborah Oronzio
The document discusses global trade and business. It explains why countries trade with each other, such as not being able to produce all needed goods themselves. It also discusses importing and exporting, comparative and absolute advantage theories, strategies for reaching global markets like licensing and foreign direct investment, and forces affecting global trade like cultural differences, exchange rates, legal concerns, and trade protectionism.
BUS110 Chap 2 - Understanding How Economics Affects BusinessDeborah Oronzio
The document discusses several key topics in economics:
1. It outlines the major branches of economics - macroeconomics which focuses on a nation's overall economy, and microeconomics which focuses on behavior in specific markets.
2. It describes different economic systems - capitalism with private ownership, socialism with some government ownership of utilities, and communism with government control of production.
3. It explains that most countries now use mixed economic systems that combine aspects of free markets and government intervention. Gross domestic product and productivity are used to measure economic activity.
The document discusses several key concepts in economics including:
1. The major branches of economics are macroeconomics, which focuses on the overall economy, and microeconomics, which focuses on individual markets.
2. Thomas Malthus believed population growth would outpace food production, but others see a large population as an economic resource when educated.
3. Adam Smith is considered the father of modern economics and developed the concept of the invisible hand, where individual self-interest can benefit society.
The document discusses different forms of business ownership including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It provides details on the key characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of each form. It also covers topics like franchising, mergers and acquisitions, and cooperatives.
The document provides an overview of key business concepts including:
1) It defines goods and services, business, entrepreneurship, revenue, profit, loss, risk, and quality of life.
2) It discusses stakeholders in business, outsourcing, insourcing, and non-profit organizations.
3) It covers the ups and downs of entrepreneurship, factors of production, and the role of government and corruption in business.
001 nickels sppt chap001 taking risks and making profits within the dynamic b...Prahasta Rhino
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of a business textbook, including:
1. It defines key business terms like revenue, profit, loss, risk, and stakeholders. It explains how businesses add to standards of living.
2. It compares the pros and cons of entrepreneurship versus working for others. It also identifies factors of production like land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship.
3. It discusses the economic, legal, technological, competitive, social, global, and ecological environments that influence businesses.
4. It outlines the evolution of business from the agricultural era to the manufacturing, service, and current information eras. It emphasizes how technology continues to drive changes.
BUS110 Chap 1 - Taking Risks and Making Profits within the Dynamic Business E...Deborah Oronzio
The document discusses key concepts in business and entrepreneurship including defining business and entrepreneurs, the objectives of business, how businesses generate revenue and profits, how businesses contribute to standards of living and quality of life, the five factors of production, and how the business environment has evolved over time and is increasingly global and information-based. It addresses topics such as how technology benefits workers, how population changes create opportunities and challenges, and both the benefits and increasing costs of globalization.
This lecture discusses the history and operations of multinational corporations (MNCs). It explains that MNCs first emerged to facilitate long-distance trade in the early modern period. Major modern MNCs operate across a wide range of industries from extraction and manufacturing to services. While MNCs can stimulate economic development and job creation, they also wield significant power over governments and influence policies. The case study of Shell in Nigeria illustrates how MNC activities have negatively impacted local environments and communities in the Niger Delta region through oil spills, pollution, and suppression of dissent.
This document provides definitions and context for key terms related to international business and globalization. It discusses how declining trade barriers and technological changes have driven globalization by facilitating greater cross-border trade and foreign direct investment. Specifically, it explains how trade liberalization through agreements like GATT and WTO has reduced tariffs and encouraged countries to specialize according to comparative advantage. It also outlines some characteristics of global firms and how production and markets have become globalized.
The document discusses the changing global environment faced by managers. In the past, markets were viewed as isolated but globalization has created an open global market. Managers now face both opportunities and threats from global competition, suppliers, and customers. Cultural differences between countries also impact how managers operate globally. Understanding factors like political systems, economic conditions, and sociocultural norms in various countries is important for success in the international business environment.
Multinational corporations (MNCs) are large corporate businesses that operate in many countries besides their home country. MNCs have centralized ownership and control and are registered in more than one country, with facilities and assets located in at least one foreign country. Examples of long-established MNCs include HSBC, Nestle, Philips, and Ford Motor Company. The growth of MNCs occurred in three phases from the 17th century to present day, with companies from various regions gaining prominence over time. MNCs can have both positive impacts such as capital investment, technology transfer, and R&D, as well as negative impacts like transferring obsolete technology and harming local industries in host countries like India.
This document discusses globalization and how it has led to greater integration between countries through increased movement of goods, capital, and people across borders. Key factors driving globalization mentioned include rapid improvements in transportation and communication technologies, which have reduced costs and enabled the spread of production activities to locations around the world. As a result of globalization, markets and economies of different countries have become more interlinked through rising trade and foreign investment flows, particularly from multinational corporations seeking cheap labor abroad.
The Role of Multinational Corporations a Case Study- NestleNikita Jangid
1. A multinational corporation (MNC) is a company that operates in multiple countries, with management headquartered in one country but conducting business in several other host countries.
2. MNCs engage in activities like exporting, importing, and manufacturing across different countries. They take a global perspective in decision-making.
3. Some of the earliest MNCs included the Knights Templar in the 12th century, the British East India Company in 1600, and the Dutch East India Company in 1602. Today there are over 40,000 MNCs operating globally.
This document provides information on multinational corporations (MNCs) and transnational corporations (TNCs). It defines MNCs as corporations that control production facilities in more than one country, acquiring them through foreign direct investment. TNCs are incorporated or unincorporated enterprises comprising parent enterprises and their foreign affiliates. The document discusses the history and growth of MNCs, their characteristics, merits like increasing investment and employment, and demerits like potentially destroying competition. It also outlines the characteristics and coordination of TNCs, and their merits like technology transfer and demerits like resource depletion and environmental issues. It concludes by discussing the increased dominance of MNCs and TNCs in the globalized economy and MNC
Globalization has become an inescapable reality in today's society. It refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through trade, capital and information flows, and movement of people. While globalization has increased economic growth and opportunities in many countries, it has also contributed to rising inequality, threats to national culture and sovereignty, and greater economic disruptions that can spread across borders. As India has opened its economy to global trade and investment since the 1990s, it has experienced rapid GDP growth but also increased poverty, unemployment, and social issues alongside prosperity for some. India needs further reforms to fully leverage globalization while managing its risks and disadvantages.
Multinational companies and Foreign interferenceSairyl Rufino
Warren Buffett is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist widely considered one of the most successful investors of the 20th century. He is the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, and consistently ranked among the wealthiest people in the world. In 2012, Time magazine named Buffett one of the most influential people globally.
Financial globalization has led to speculation and ruin in many parts of the globe. It occurs in a series of steps: first, multinational companies exploit customers and domestic competitors; second, they exert political influence and set unfair prices; third, they destabilize local economies and corrupt political systems. A fourth problem is that foreign investment can undervalue the currencies of poorer countries, slowing their development and potentially causing banking crises or recessions. Several contemporary examples illustrate these issues, such as the financial crises that struck Mexico, Indonesia, Argentina, Thailand, Japan, and Malaysia in the late 20th century. Recommendations include developing strong domestic policies, capping financial globalization, not giving all power to foreign investors,
this power point is based on our CBSE grade 10 syllabus 2nd term Globalization and the Indian economy.
hoping that the powerpoint is helpful to you.
Thank you.
Multinational corporations have significant economic power and influence on developing countries and their populations. They can affect women's health by employing them in large numbers under certain conditions. Some pharmaceutical multinationals have also acted unethically in developing world contexts, such as testing unapproved drugs on children or pressuring governments over intellectual property. However, multinational investment can also generate jobs and skills training, as well as technology and knowledge transfers to host countries.
This document discusses the concepts of globalization and its implications for managers. It defines globalization as businesses operating internationally and the increasing influence of businesses across borders. Some key drivers of increased globalization are the spread of market economies, reduced barriers to trade and investment, and falling communication and transportation costs. As a result, both international trade and foreign direct investment have surged. For managers, globalization means production and markets are becoming more global in scope. Technologies help facilitate globally dispersed production and global market reach. However, national differences also present constraints to full globalization. The document outlines challenges managers face in areas like standardization vs customization, managing multinational employees, locating business activities, and choosing entry modes into foreign markets.
A PPT on Globalisation and Indian Economy. This PPT is designed keeping in view the syllabus of class X, NCERT. But is useful for others also who wants to know about Golbalisation, related terms and its positive and negatie impacts.
Globalization has led to greater economic integration between countries through increased trade and movement of people, goods, services and capital. Technological advancements in transportation, communication and information technology have enabled this integration by reducing costs and improving connectivity. Multinational corporations have furthered globalization by setting up production facilities in multiple countries to take advantage of cheaper resources and access new markets. While globalization has increased competition and consumer choice, it has also negatively impacted some local producers who struggle to compete.
1. Both MNCs and TNCs operate in multiple countries, but MNCs have a defined home or headquarters country, while TNCs operate on a borderless basis without being identified with any single national home base.
2. MNCs adapt their products and services to local markets in each host country, while TNCs give decision-making, R&D and marketing powers to operations in each foreign market resulting in more coordinated global offerings.
3. Examples of MNCs mentioned are consumer goods companies and fast food
This document discusses various economic theories and concepts related to international trade such as mercantilism, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, and free trade. It also covers topics like tariffs, quotas, the World Trade Organization (WTO), foreign direct investment (FDI), and different levels of economic integration including free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and political/economic unions like the European Union (EU).
Multinational corporations (MNCs) operate globally and have large revenues that sometimes exceed the GDP of countries. Examples include Royal Dutch Shell, Walmart, and Toyota. MNCs originated in the early 20th century and expanded after World War II. They have significant economic, social, and political impacts worldwide through their operations and influence over media, public figures, and government policies. While MNCs can increase investment and trade, they also face criticisms over issues like poor working conditions and influencing elections.
Globalization has impacted Indian industry in several ways. Economic reforms in 1991 opened India's markets, reducing import duties and removing restrictions. This allowed many multinational corporations to enter the Indian market. While this has led to benefits like increased investment and economic growth, it has also increased competition and pressure on Indian companies to improve efficiency. Many companies have responded successfully by restructuring their resources, focusing on innovation, and better meeting customer needs. Overall, globalization has presented both opportunities and challenges for Indian industry.
LESSON-1-IBAT-globalization and 5 emergenceAngelMeneses15
The document discusses the concept of globalization and its key drivers. It defines globalization as the merging of historically separate national markets into a single global marketplace, as well as the globalization of production through outsourcing. The main drivers of globalization have been declining trade barriers, technological advances in communication and transportation, and changing global demographics as emerging markets grow. The document also outlines some of the debates around the impacts of globalization on jobs, income inequality, and national sovereignty.
International fianace side for presentationscheang
This document provides an overview of international economy and globalization. It discusses key topics such as the three waves of globalization, how the United States has become an open economy through international trade, common misconceptions about trade, and the opportunities and threats of trade for workers. It also briefly touches on the backlash against globalization and how terrorism has impacted the global economy. Key terms defined include economic interdependence, globalization, comparative advantage, and openness.
This document provides definitions and context for key terms related to international business and globalization. It discusses how declining trade barriers and technological changes have driven globalization by facilitating greater cross-border trade and foreign direct investment. Specifically, it explains how trade liberalization through agreements like GATT and WTO has reduced tariffs and encouraged countries to specialize according to comparative advantage. It also outlines some characteristics of global firms and how production and markets have become globalized.
The document discusses the changing global environment faced by managers. In the past, markets were viewed as isolated but globalization has created an open global market. Managers now face both opportunities and threats from global competition, suppliers, and customers. Cultural differences between countries also impact how managers operate globally. Understanding factors like political systems, economic conditions, and sociocultural norms in various countries is important for success in the international business environment.
Multinational corporations (MNCs) are large corporate businesses that operate in many countries besides their home country. MNCs have centralized ownership and control and are registered in more than one country, with facilities and assets located in at least one foreign country. Examples of long-established MNCs include HSBC, Nestle, Philips, and Ford Motor Company. The growth of MNCs occurred in three phases from the 17th century to present day, with companies from various regions gaining prominence over time. MNCs can have both positive impacts such as capital investment, technology transfer, and R&D, as well as negative impacts like transferring obsolete technology and harming local industries in host countries like India.
This document discusses globalization and how it has led to greater integration between countries through increased movement of goods, capital, and people across borders. Key factors driving globalization mentioned include rapid improvements in transportation and communication technologies, which have reduced costs and enabled the spread of production activities to locations around the world. As a result of globalization, markets and economies of different countries have become more interlinked through rising trade and foreign investment flows, particularly from multinational corporations seeking cheap labor abroad.
The Role of Multinational Corporations a Case Study- NestleNikita Jangid
1. A multinational corporation (MNC) is a company that operates in multiple countries, with management headquartered in one country but conducting business in several other host countries.
2. MNCs engage in activities like exporting, importing, and manufacturing across different countries. They take a global perspective in decision-making.
3. Some of the earliest MNCs included the Knights Templar in the 12th century, the British East India Company in 1600, and the Dutch East India Company in 1602. Today there are over 40,000 MNCs operating globally.
This document provides information on multinational corporations (MNCs) and transnational corporations (TNCs). It defines MNCs as corporations that control production facilities in more than one country, acquiring them through foreign direct investment. TNCs are incorporated or unincorporated enterprises comprising parent enterprises and their foreign affiliates. The document discusses the history and growth of MNCs, their characteristics, merits like increasing investment and employment, and demerits like potentially destroying competition. It also outlines the characteristics and coordination of TNCs, and their merits like technology transfer and demerits like resource depletion and environmental issues. It concludes by discussing the increased dominance of MNCs and TNCs in the globalized economy and MNC
Globalization has become an inescapable reality in today's society. It refers to the increasing integration of economies and societies around the world through trade, capital and information flows, and movement of people. While globalization has increased economic growth and opportunities in many countries, it has also contributed to rising inequality, threats to national culture and sovereignty, and greater economic disruptions that can spread across borders. As India has opened its economy to global trade and investment since the 1990s, it has experienced rapid GDP growth but also increased poverty, unemployment, and social issues alongside prosperity for some. India needs further reforms to fully leverage globalization while managing its risks and disadvantages.
Multinational companies and Foreign interferenceSairyl Rufino
Warren Buffett is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist widely considered one of the most successful investors of the 20th century. He is the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, and consistently ranked among the wealthiest people in the world. In 2012, Time magazine named Buffett one of the most influential people globally.
Financial globalization has led to speculation and ruin in many parts of the globe. It occurs in a series of steps: first, multinational companies exploit customers and domestic competitors; second, they exert political influence and set unfair prices; third, they destabilize local economies and corrupt political systems. A fourth problem is that foreign investment can undervalue the currencies of poorer countries, slowing their development and potentially causing banking crises or recessions. Several contemporary examples illustrate these issues, such as the financial crises that struck Mexico, Indonesia, Argentina, Thailand, Japan, and Malaysia in the late 20th century. Recommendations include developing strong domestic policies, capping financial globalization, not giving all power to foreign investors,
this power point is based on our CBSE grade 10 syllabus 2nd term Globalization and the Indian economy.
hoping that the powerpoint is helpful to you.
Thank you.
Multinational corporations have significant economic power and influence on developing countries and their populations. They can affect women's health by employing them in large numbers under certain conditions. Some pharmaceutical multinationals have also acted unethically in developing world contexts, such as testing unapproved drugs on children or pressuring governments over intellectual property. However, multinational investment can also generate jobs and skills training, as well as technology and knowledge transfers to host countries.
This document discusses the concepts of globalization and its implications for managers. It defines globalization as businesses operating internationally and the increasing influence of businesses across borders. Some key drivers of increased globalization are the spread of market economies, reduced barriers to trade and investment, and falling communication and transportation costs. As a result, both international trade and foreign direct investment have surged. For managers, globalization means production and markets are becoming more global in scope. Technologies help facilitate globally dispersed production and global market reach. However, national differences also present constraints to full globalization. The document outlines challenges managers face in areas like standardization vs customization, managing multinational employees, locating business activities, and choosing entry modes into foreign markets.
A PPT on Globalisation and Indian Economy. This PPT is designed keeping in view the syllabus of class X, NCERT. But is useful for others also who wants to know about Golbalisation, related terms and its positive and negatie impacts.
Globalization has led to greater economic integration between countries through increased trade and movement of people, goods, services and capital. Technological advancements in transportation, communication and information technology have enabled this integration by reducing costs and improving connectivity. Multinational corporations have furthered globalization by setting up production facilities in multiple countries to take advantage of cheaper resources and access new markets. While globalization has increased competition and consumer choice, it has also negatively impacted some local producers who struggle to compete.
1. Both MNCs and TNCs operate in multiple countries, but MNCs have a defined home or headquarters country, while TNCs operate on a borderless basis without being identified with any single national home base.
2. MNCs adapt their products and services to local markets in each host country, while TNCs give decision-making, R&D and marketing powers to operations in each foreign market resulting in more coordinated global offerings.
3. Examples of MNCs mentioned are consumer goods companies and fast food
This document discusses various economic theories and concepts related to international trade such as mercantilism, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, and free trade. It also covers topics like tariffs, quotas, the World Trade Organization (WTO), foreign direct investment (FDI), and different levels of economic integration including free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and political/economic unions like the European Union (EU).
Multinational corporations (MNCs) operate globally and have large revenues that sometimes exceed the GDP of countries. Examples include Royal Dutch Shell, Walmart, and Toyota. MNCs originated in the early 20th century and expanded after World War II. They have significant economic, social, and political impacts worldwide through their operations and influence over media, public figures, and government policies. While MNCs can increase investment and trade, they also face criticisms over issues like poor working conditions and influencing elections.
Globalization has impacted Indian industry in several ways. Economic reforms in 1991 opened India's markets, reducing import duties and removing restrictions. This allowed many multinational corporations to enter the Indian market. While this has led to benefits like increased investment and economic growth, it has also increased competition and pressure on Indian companies to improve efficiency. Many companies have responded successfully by restructuring their resources, focusing on innovation, and better meeting customer needs. Overall, globalization has presented both opportunities and challenges for Indian industry.
LESSON-1-IBAT-globalization and 5 emergenceAngelMeneses15
The document discusses the concept of globalization and its key drivers. It defines globalization as the merging of historically separate national markets into a single global marketplace, as well as the globalization of production through outsourcing. The main drivers of globalization have been declining trade barriers, technological advances in communication and transportation, and changing global demographics as emerging markets grow. The document also outlines some of the debates around the impacts of globalization on jobs, income inequality, and national sovereignty.
International fianace side for presentationscheang
This document provides an overview of international economy and globalization. It discusses key topics such as the three waves of globalization, how the United States has become an open economy through international trade, common misconceptions about trade, and the opportunities and threats of trade for workers. It also briefly touches on the backlash against globalization and how terrorism has impacted the global economy. Key terms defined include economic interdependence, globalization, comparative advantage, and openness.
International trade involves the exchange of goods and services between countries. It has increased substantially over time to include trade in services like transportation, banking, and tourism in addition to physical goods. Countries engage in international trade because natural resources are unevenly distributed globally and different countries have comparative advantages in producing certain goods, leading them to specialize in those products and trade for other goods.
This document defines key terms and concepts in international business. It discusses how international business involves cross-border transactions and consists of both private and public activities that cross national boundaries. Managing international business is more complex than domestic business due to differences between countries, more complex problems, and needing to work within government regulations and manage currency conversion. Multinational enterprises take a global approach across domestic and international markets. International business management involves coordinating resources within and across borders to achieve organizational goals in a dynamic global environment.
International fianace side for presentationsunsokunthea
This document provides an overview of international economy and globalization. It discusses key topics such as the history of globalization in waves since 1870, how the United States has become more open through increased trade and financial integration, and debates around whether international trade benefits or threatens workers. Forces driving globalization are identified as technology changes, liberalized trade and investment barriers, and financial liberalization.
1) The document discusses various topics related to global business including comparative advantage, importing/exporting, strategies for reaching global markets, forces that affect global trade, trade protectionism, and offshore outsourcing.
2) It provides examples of companies expanding globally and profiles a Chinese media executive. Small businesses are highlighted as important for global job growth and exports.
3) Theories of comparative advantage and absolute advantage are explained in the context of international trade. Measures of global trade like balance of trade and balance of payments are also defined.
This document provides an overview of multinational corporations (MNCs). It defines MNCs as enterprises operating in several countries but managed from one home country. There are four main categories of MNCs described. The document also discusses the types of MNCs, including transnational, ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric corporations. Additionally, it outlines some of the key characteristics of MNCs and factors that have contributed to their growth on the global stage, such as deregulation, privatization, and the rise of China as a global competitor. Theories on why firms become multinational are presented, including the OLI paradigm and exploiting differences in factor costs across countries to gain competitive advantages.
This document discusses international business and trade. It provides information on:
- The role of international business is to buy, sell, and trade goods and services across national boundaries. Nations trade to obtain unavailable or lower cost materials and goods.
- Countries have absolute advantage when they are the only or most efficient producer of an item. Comparative advantage exists when a country can supply products at a lower cost than other items.
- Barriers to international trade include economic, political/legal, social/cultural, and technological factors. Trade agreements like the WTO, NAFTA, and EU help reduce trade barriers.
This document provides an overview of globalization, including its key drivers like declining trade barriers and advances in technology. It discusses how globalization has led to integrated global markets and dispersed global production. It also examines the changing nature of multinational enterprises and the global economy. The document outlines some of the debates around globalization's impact on jobs, wages, the environment, and national sovereignty.
This document provides an overview of international trade. It defines international trade as an exchange of goods or services between two or more countries, whether through imports or exports. Countries engage in international trade because of comparative advantages - when one country can produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than other countries. Comparative advantages arise from differences in factors like climate, resource endowments, and technology between nations. While free trade allows gains from trade, many governments implement protectionist policies like tariffs and import quotas to shield domestic industries.
This document provides an overview of globalization, including:
1) It defines globalization as the increasing integration and interdependence of world economies through globalization of markets and production.
2) Key drivers of globalization are declining trade barriers and technological advances in transportation and communication.
3) Major global institutions that help manage and regulate global trade include the WTO, IMF, World Bank, and UN.
The Global
Economic
Environment
1
Interesting The Guardian story about Italy that combines Culture (population) + Political (govt business subsidies) + Economic environments
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/11/underpopulated-italian-region-molise
Global Economic Environment
1 of 2
International Trade Theory
firms expanding internationally must appreciate how their international activities match with a country’s goals for international trade
Balance of Payments
a leading indicator of the international economic health of a country and may directly influence a firm’s expansion decisions https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/balance-of-trade
Government Policy and Trade
firms are directly impacted by government policies in areas such as tariffs and non-tariff barriers
3
Global Economic Environment
2 of 2
Institutions in the World Economy
institutions such as the World Trade Organization and the World Bank greatly influence trade policies, and ultimately can influence a firm’s global strategy
Regional Economic Integration
firms generally benefit from economic integration through lower costs of doing business. However it can also lead to stronger competitors
4
International Trade Theory
Why do nations trade?
Key international trade theories:
Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage
Product Life Cycle – Trade patterns and production over time
5
Comparative Advantage
“Different countries have dissimilar prices and costs on goods because different goods require a different mix of factors in their production and because countries differ in their supply of these factors.” (Ohlin)
e.g., Can you grow salmon in Texas?
6
Product Life Cycle
Four Phases of the Product Life Cycle:
Phase 1: the U.S. exports the product
Phase 2: foreign production starts
Phase 3: foreign production becomes competitive in export markets
Phase 4: import competition begins
The Product Life Cycle may not explain trade and production patterns as well anymore due to:
Short gap between phases
“Born globals” may skip some phases
7
Product Life Cycle
1 of 3
Developed Nation (strong economy)
Produces more than consumes at the beginning, then a switch
8
Product Life Cycle
2 of 3
Emerging Nation
Consumes more than produces at the beginning, then a switch
9
The Consumer PLC
Extending a Product in Other Markets
Balance of Payments 1 of 2
The Balance of Payments (BOP) is a summary of a country's economic transactions w/the world, for a specified period of time.
Current Account
Goods (Merchandise)
Services
Unilateral Transfers
http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/glance.htm
http://tse.export.gov/TSE/
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/forex/indian-rupee-hits-an-all-time-low-of-72-69-versus-us-dollar/videoshow/65769296.cms
11
U.S. Imports
vs. Exports
https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/balance-of-trade
Financial considerations
Reflects a country’s solvency/economic health
Steady loss of foreign exch.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to globalization including:
1. It defines globalization as the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy, with two facets being the globalization of markets and the globalization of production.
2. It discusses the emergence of global institutions like the WTO, IMF, World Bank, and UN that help manage and regulate the global marketplace.
3. The main drivers of globalization are identified as the decline in trade and investment barriers since WWII and technological changes that have reduced communication and transportation costs.
4. There have been significant changes in the global economic landscape over the past 50 years including rising economic output in developing countries and a shift in
This document provides an overview of international trade and the dynamic global environment. It discusses several topics:
1) The establishment of world trade following WWII and the importance of balance of payments and protectionism.
2) The various types of trade barriers such as tariffs and nontariff barriers used by countries.
3) International organizations that shaped global trade such as GATT and the World Trade Organization, as well as the IMF and World Bank.
The document discusses globalization and its effects. It describes how barriers to trade and investment have declined, leading to more integrated global markets and production across borders. Technological advances have enabled the dispersion of production and creation of global supply chains. While globalization creates opportunities, it also results in disruptions and concerns about job losses in advanced economies. The impacts are debated, with some arguing globalization increases prosperity overall, while others feel it is not beneficial.
Lecture 3 Globalization and Emerging market (1).pptHotelGreenPalace
Globalization and emerging markets have contributed significantly to growth in international trade over recent decades. Three key factors have driven globalization: 1) liberalization of trade barriers lowered restrictions on the flow of goods and services; 2) technological advances in transportation and communication reduced costs and barriers to international business; 3) increased economic integration through regional trade agreements and cooperation organizations further opened markets. Emerging markets like Brazil, China, and India have become larger players in international trade and foreign direct investment as their economies have grown rapidly under conditions of globalization.
Globalization has increased in recent decades due to several interrelated factors:
1) Advances in technology like computing and the internet have reduced communication and transportation costs, enabling more global trade.
2) Governments have increasingly liberalized trade policies by reducing barriers to the movement of goods, services, and capital across borders.
3) The development of global industries in services has facilitated international business transactions and commerce.
The document discusses several key stages in the life cycle of small businesses:
- Emergence: Starting a business and taking initial steps towards operating it. Only 7% of those who consider starting a business actually take steps to do so.
- Existence: Having an operating business but it is not yet stable and the owners lack key information. This stage involves developing skills and routines to grow profits.
- Resource maturity: The business reaches a stable level of sales and profits by consistently dealing with functional areas, the market, and products/services. The challenge is avoiding complacency.
- Takeoff: An optional period of exceptional growth driven by a large contract, expansion, or good timing. Most small businesses do not
This document discusses important considerations for small businesses regarding human resource management and hiring employees. It covers topics such as the decision to hire employees, legal requirements as an employer, attracting and evaluating job candidates, training new employees, compensating and rewarding performance, and addressing human resource issues that can arise in family businesses. The document provides guidance on writing job descriptions, developing interview questions, creating training programs, conducting performance reviews, and determining appropriate salary and benefits.
- Most new businesses need legal advice regarding a variety of legal matters like liability issues, laws that apply to small businesses, and intellectual property.
- The best way to find an attorney is through referrals from other small business owners or trade groups and it's important to find one experienced in small business legal needs.
- Legal issues small businesses often face include contracts, intellectual property like patents and trademarks, and liability from torts or breaches of contract. Proper legal documentation and awareness of applicable laws is important.
The document discusses various risks that small businesses face and strategies for managing those risks. It identifies common sources of risk like financial issues, natural disasters, and injuries. It also categorizes risks as related to a business's property, personnel, or customers. The document then provides recommendations for minimizing risks through prevention, employee policies, and physical security measures. It emphasizes the importance of insurance in managing risks and developing a comprehensive insurance program tailored to a specific business's needs.
Money owed to a business by customers is called accounts receivable. Managing accounts receivable involves establishing credit policies, minimizing the time between sale and cash receipt, and keeping bad accounts low. Businesses can use receivables as financing by pledging them as loan collateral or selling them through factoring. Inventory management requires determining optimal inventory levels based on ordering costs, holding costs, and potential lost sales from stockouts. Businesses should use periodic or perpetual inventory methods to track inventory levels and inform reordering.
The document discusses various sources of financing for small businesses, including equity financing from owners or outside investors, debt financing through loans, and gift financing from grants or personal gifts. It notes that equity financing is appealing to entrepreneurs but can create control issues, while debt financing allows business to keep control but requires interest payments. The document also covers financial management considerations at different stages of a business from start-up to growth to exit.
The document discusses the importance of managing cash flow for small businesses. It notes that cash flow problems are a leading cause of business failures. The summary explains that managing cash flow involves forecasting cash receipts from sales and cash disbursements for expenses to create a pro forma budget. It also involves reconciling the business's bookkeeping records with its bank statements to accurately track available cash balances. Preparing accurate cash flow projections and controlling the timing of payments received and made can help prevent cash flow problems.
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts and practices for small businesses. It discusses the importance of accounting, basic accounting concepts like the accounting equation and financial statements, setting up an accounting system, budgeting, and using managerial accounting techniques for planning and control. The key types of accounting are described as financial, managerial, and tax accounting. Financial statements like the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement are also summarized.
This document discusses the importance of creating a marketing plan and outlines the key components that should be included. It explains that a marketing plan should define the target market, analyze competitors and the current business situation, and describe the marketing strategy including the 4 P's of product, price, place, and promotion. The document provides details on how to conduct market research, set sales forecasts and goals, and develop a written plan to guide marketing efforts.
The document discusses various distribution and location options for small businesses. It covers direct marketing methods like direct sales, direct mail, telemarketing, and guerrilla marketing. It also discusses using the internet for distribution through websites, eBay, and other online options. For location, it recommends considering a business's hometown, different locations based on business laws and needs, and options like home-based, client locations, or remote work. It provides tips for site selection and choosing to build, buy, or lease a space.
This document discusses the importance of creating a marketing plan and outlines the key components that should be included. An effective marketing plan should define the target market, analyze the competitive situation, and outline the marketing strategy including the 4 P's of product, price, place, and promotion. It also discusses how to conduct market research, set sales forecasts and goals, and structure the written marketing plan. The plan should be regularly reviewed and revised to ensure marketing efforts stay aligned with business objectives.
The document discusses various distribution and location options for small businesses. It covers direct marketing methods like direct sales, direct mail, telemarketing, and guerrilla marketing. It also discusses using the internet for distribution through websites, eBay, and other online options. For location, it recommends considering a business's hometown, different locations based on business laws and needs, and options like home-based, client locations, or commercial spaces. It provides tips for site selection and choosing between building, buying, or leasing a space.
The document discusses various strategies for small business promotion and capturing the attention of the target market. It covers defining the business value proposition, segmenting the market, crafting effective messages, and conveying messages through different promotional methods like advertising, publicity, personal selling, customer relationship management, and public relations. The goal is to develop a promotional mix that spreads awareness and drives sales through memorable and targeted messaging.
The document discusses various product and pricing strategies for small businesses. It covers differentiating products as goods or services, understanding the total product approach beyond the core product, branding guidelines for naming a business, the product lifecycle stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline, and various pricing strategies including skimming, premium pricing, odd-even pricing, and price-lowering techniques like discounts, coupons, and loyalty programs. The goal is to help small businesses set appropriate prices based on their target markets and competitive landscapes.
This document discusses key components of a business plan, including the vision statement, mission statement, elevator pitch, executive summary, and full business plan outline. It provides examples and guidance on writing each section, with a focus on clearly communicating the business goals, market, competitive advantages, management team, and finances. The full business plan outline includes sections on the company, product/service, market, organization, financials, and appendices.
The document discusses various small business strategies. It describes imitative strategy as doing something similar to competitors, with the possibility of one point of difference. The key steps in strategic planning are identified as prestrategy, which involves selecting an industry and market, and benefits, which involves deciding what value the business will provide customers. Industry analysis and SWOT analysis are presented as important tools to analyze the business environment and a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Differentiation, cost, and focus strategies are presented as classic strategies for a small business to consider.
The document discusses five paths to business ownership: starting a new business, buying an existing business, franchising a business, inheriting a business, or being hired as a professional manager. It provides details on each path, including advantages and disadvantages. For starting a business, it discusses determining the business idea, strategies for success, and special considerations like home-based or partnered businesses. For buying a business, topics include finding a business for sale, due diligence, determining value, and structuring the deal. Franchising covers different types and advantages/disadvantages. Inheriting a business notes challenges with family business transfers.
Part-time entrepreneurship, or working for oneself for 35 hours or less per week, makes up about half of all businesses in the United States. Common types of part-time businesses include stand retail, home retail like parties or door-to-door sales, consignment stores, and mail order or online sales. Success factors for part-time businesses include setting boundaries between work and home life, managing time well, dealing effectively with customers and regulatory requirements, properly pricing goods and services, and leveraging other people through delegation and outsourcing where possible. Bootstrapping techniques like minimizing costs, borrowing or renting equipment, and substituting lower-cost alternatives can help part-time businesses get started with limited capital.
The document discusses sources of business ideas and assessing the feasibility of ideas. It outlines creativity tools like SCAMPER that can help generate innovative ideas by substituting, combining, adapting, or rearranging existing concepts. The document also discusses screening ideas based on the market need, customers, and intellectual property protection. It emphasizes the importance of pilot testing ideas to evaluate feasibility before fully implementing a new business.
The document summarizes characteristics of different types of entrepreneurs and small business owners over time. It discusses the evolution from original classic entrepreneurs in the 1700s-1950s who were loners seeking wealth and risk takers, to contemporary entrepreneurs today who can be team players, socially connected, and either seeking wealth or accepting average income. It also outlines different types of entrepreneurial careers like habitual entrepreneurs and harvest entrepreneurs who have exit plans. Finally, it discusses challenges commonly faced by family businesses, women and minority entrepreneurs, and late career entrepreneurs.
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Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
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https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
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This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
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INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
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15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
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17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
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To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
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2. WORLD POPULATION by CONTINENT * * The Dynamic Global Market LG1 3-
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8. WHERE DO THEY INVEST? Leading Destinations for Foreign Investors * * Source: Investor’s Business Daily, www.investors.com , June 30, 2008. Getting Involved in Global Trade LG2 3-
9. WHO DOES the U.S. OWE? Countries that Own the Most U.S. Debt * * Source: U.S. Dept. of Treasury, www.treas.gov , January 31, 2009. Getting Involved in Global Trade LG2 3-
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15. KEY STRATEGIES for REACHING GLOBAL MARKETS * * Strategies for Reaching Global Markets Least Amount of commitment, control, risk and profit potential Most Licensing Exporting Franchising Contract Manufacturing International joint ventures and strategic alliances Foreign direct investment LG3 3-
42. OUTSOURCING * * The Challenge of Offshore Outsourcing LG6 3-
43. ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING AROUND the WORLD * * Source: Investor’s Business Daily, www.ibd.com , December 1, 2008. The Challenge of Offshore Outsourcing LG6 3-
Editor's Notes
See Learning Goal 1: Discuss the importance of the global market and the roles of comparative advantage and absolute advantage in global trade.
See Learning Goal 1: Discuss the importance of the global market and the roles of comparative advantage and absolute advantage in global trade. Germany is the largest exporting nation. China is barely behind the U.S.
See Learning Goal 1: Discuss the importance of the global market and the roles of comparative advantage and absolute advantage in global trade. No nation can produce all the products its people want and need.
See Learning Goal 1: Discuss the importance of the global market and the roles of comparative advantage and absolute advantage in global trade. How Free Trade Benefits the World Often it is difficult for students to see how world trade has improved the living conditions of millions of the world’s poorest individuals. This slide shows some of the improvement in literacy rates and life expectancy since 1950. These improvements in the standard of living can be somewhat attributed to free trade. From The Economist January 26, 2008 print edition: twenty-five years ago two-thirds of the population or 600 million people were living in extreme poverty (on less than $1 a day). Now, the number living on $1 a day is below 180 million and yet the world’s population has increased. To start a discussion ask the students: Why has China been able to improve the living conditions of so many of its citizens in the last twenty-five years? ( More liberal economic policies have led to greater economic growth and an increase in the standard of living for individuals)
See Learning Goal 1: Discuss the importance of the global market and the roles of comparative advantage and absolute advantage in global trade. David Ricardo expanded on Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage with the theory of comparative advantage. This theory can be difficult for students to grasp. A country should produce only what it can produce efficiently buying what it cannot produce as efficiently. This theory of international trade along with Adam Smith’s Theory of Absolute Advantage have been guiding tenets of international trade since the late 1700s.
See Learning Goal 1: Discuss the importance of the global market and the roles of comparative advantage and absolute advantage in global trade.
See Learning Goal 1: Discuss the importance of the global market and the roles of comparative advantage and absolute advantage in global trade. Where Do Foreigners Invest? Foreign Direct Investment in the process in which a company in one country buys the assets located in another country. This table shows students the leading destinations for foreign investors. Ask students: How is foreign direct investment in China a sign of investor confidence ? (Foreign direct investment in China is a sign of confidence in the Chinese political and economic structure. When investors make an investment they careful weigh the risk and reward.)
See Learning Goal 1: Discuss the importance of the global market and the roles of comparative advantage and absolute advantage in global trade. Who Does the U.S. Owe 1. As the world’s largest debtor nation the United States relies on other countries purchasing debt as an investment. 2. OPEC Nations include: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., Venezuela. 3. Ask students: What are the ramification of U.S. indebtedness on its population ? (Answers to this question will vary but may include: lost sovereignty, weakening of the U.S. dollar and a loss of purchasing power as import prices rise, inflation and an increase in taxes.)
See Learning Goal 2: Explain the importance of importing and exporting, and understand key terms used in global business. One Web site that can be bring a lecture on exporting alive is http://tse.export.gov . The TradeStats Express website is presented by the U.S. Commerce Department and gives students a look at any number of statistics on exporting. One example that may surprise students is that snow plows/blowers have been sold in Middle Eastern countries, like Saudi Arabia. They are used to clear sand from driveways.
See Learning Goal 2: Explain the importance of importing and exporting, and understand key terms used in global business. Currently, the United States maintains the largest trade deficit in the world.
See Learning Goal 2: Explain the importance of importing and exporting, and understand key terms used in global business. Since 1975, the U.S. has bought more goods from other nations than it has sold and thus has a trade deficit.
See Learning Goal 2: Explain the importance of importing and exporting, and understand key terms used in global business.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets. When senior management elects to expand internationally, they have a wide range of options available to them. Such options range from licensing with the least risk all the way to foreign direct investment with the most risk. A few examples to be shared during this portion of the lecture include: Coca-Cola’s use of licensing, McDonald’s use of franchising, Nike’s use of contract manufacturing, Volkswagen’s joint venture in China and Toyota’s foreign direct investment in the United States.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets. The next few slides offer specific examples of how franchisors have adapted their products for various countries.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets. What’s on Your Donuts Students should enjoy this slide. It shows the cultural influence with donuts preferences. Ask the students: What type of donuts do they enjoy? Would they prefer sweet potato, or green apple, or mango on their donuts? Ask the students: What modifications do companies need to make when they go to different countries like the ones shown in this slide? (Students should point out the need to understand and research the market and cultural/customer preferences and then offer what the customers want.)
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets. McDonald’s Items Worldwide Per the company’s website. McDonald’s is a leader in franchising and the company operates in 118 different countries. This slide gives students an insight into some of the changes McDonald’s has made to its menu when operating in the world market. Ask students why the leading provider of American style fast-food adopted different menu items? (Like all successful companies, McDonald’s has adapted its menu to meet the different needs of its customers worldwide.)
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 3: Illustrate the strategies used in reaching global markets and explain the role of multinational corporations in global markets.
See Learning Goal 4: Evaluate the forces that affect trading in global markets. What makes operating in the international environment more complex than operating only in the domestic market is the addition of new uncontrollable forces. Examples of these forces include: sociocultural, economic, financial, legal, regulatory, physical and environmental.
See Learning Goal 4: Evaluate the forces that affect trading in global markets. A lack of cultural understanding can create problems with working in the international market. One book that provides numerous examples to share with students entitled Kiss, Bow or Shake Hands: How to Do Business in Sixty Countries . Never assume what works in one country will work in another.
See Learning Goal 4: Evaluate the forces that affect trading in global markets. The floating exchange rate system creates transaction risk. If the U.S. dollar is trading for more foreign currency it is said to be getting stronger. When the U.S. dollar is trading for less foreign currency it is said to be getting weaker. Since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods agreement in 1971, the value of the U.S. currency has generally trended downward versus major world currencies.
See Learning Goal 4: Evaluate the forces that affect trading in global markets. One famous example of countertrading involved Pepsi and Russian vodka. Pepsi received the right to market Russian vodka in the United States as payment for Pepsi sold in Russia. More information on countertrading can be found at www.londoncountertrade.org.
See Learning Goal 4: Evaluate the forces that affect trading in global markets.
See Learning Goal 4: Evaluate the forces that affect trading in global markets.
See Learning Goal 5: Debate the advantages and disadvantages of trade protectionism. The Great Depression was exacerbated by the passage of the Glass-Steagall Act. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 raised the tariff rates on thousand of products imported into the United States. This led to other nations enacting similar protectionist measures effectively shutting down world trade. Many fear that the economic contraction the world is currently experiencing will lead to similar laws.
See Learning Goal 5: Debate the advantages and disadvantages of trade protectionism. While a tariff may end up raising revenue for the government it ultimately costs consumers more money in the long run. Due to tariff rates on the importation of sugar consumers in the United States end up paying close to 50 percent more for sugar than the rest of the world.
See Learning Goal 5: Debate the advantages and disadvantages of trade protectionism. The United States also maintains an embargo against Iran and North Korea.
See Learning Goal 5: Debate the advantages and disadvantages of trade protectionism.
See Learning Goal 5: Debate the advantages and disadvantages of trade protectionism.
See Learning Goal 5: Debate the advantages and disadvantages of trade protectionism.
See Learning Goal 5: Debate the advantages and disadvantages of trade protectionism.
See Learning Goal 6: Discuss the changing landscape of the global market and the issue of offshore outsourcing.
See Learning Goal 6: Discuss the changing landscape of the global market and the issue of offshore outsourcing.
See Learning Goal 6: Discuss the changing landscape of the global market and the issue of offshore outsourcing. Electronics Manufacturing Around the World Electronics manufacturing has spread around the world. Students will be familiar with different types of electronics and the companies that manufacture these electronics. Ask students why a large percentage of electronics are made in Asia? (Comparative advantage is the obvious answer) This question can be followed up with the question of why does Asia have this comparative advantage? (Labor cost, favorable trade policies and lack of regulation)