These slides go with the paper "Reminiscing About 15 Years of Interoperability Efforts" which is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1045/november2015-vandesompel
Slides were used for a presentation at the Fall 2015 Membership Meeting of the Coalition for Networked Information.
This slide deck provides an overview of proposals to use HTTP Links as a means to address some long standing problems related to scholarly resources on the web.
Quantifying Orphaned Annotations in Hypothes.ismaturban
Web annotation has been receiving increased attention recently with the organization of the Open Annotation Collaboration and new tools for open annotation, such as Hypothes.is. In this paper, we investigate the prevalence of orphaned annotations, where a live Web page no longer contains the text that had previously been annotated in the
Hypothes.is annotation system (containing 20,953 highlighted text annotations).
This presentation looks back at several efforts, conducted in the past fifteen years, aimed at establishing interoperability for web-based scholarly communication. It tries to characterize the perspectives/approaches taken by these efforts and, based upon that, proposes an HATEOS-based approach to interlink scholarly nodes on the web. This was first presented at the Research Data Alliance meeting in Paris, France, September 22 2015.
Presentation for PIDapalooza 2016. PIDs need to be used to achieve their intended persistence. Our research (reported at WWW2016, see http://arxiv.org/1602.09102) found that a disturbing percentage of references to papers that have DOIs actually use the landing page HTTP URI instead of the DOI HTTP URI. The problem is likely related to tools used for collecting references such as bookmarks and reference managers. These select the landing page URI instead of the DOI URI because the former is what's available in the address bar. It can safely be assumed that the same problem exists for other types of PIDs. The net result is that the true potential of PIDs is not realized. In order to ameliorate this problem we propose a Signposting pattern for PIDs (http://signposting.org/identifier/). It consists of adding a Link header to HTTP HEAD/GET responses for all resources identified by a DOI, including the landing page and content resources such as "the PDF" and "the dataset". The Link header contains a link, which points with the "identifier" relation type to the DOI HTTP URI. When such a link is available, tools can automatically discover and use the DOI URI instead of the other URIs (landing page, PDF, dataset) associated with the DOI-identified object.
This slide deck provides an overview of proposals to use HTTP Links as a means to address some long standing problems related to scholarly resources on the web.
Looks at hyperlinks from the perspective of a managed collection of resources for which link persistence/integrity is considered a quality of service concern. Distinguishes between links into other managed collections and to the web at large. Considers link rot and content drift.
Presentation about reference rot given at the Complexity Science Hub in Vienna, November 2021.
Links to web resources frequently break (link rot), and linked content can change at unpredictable rates (content drift). These dynamics of the Web are detrimental when references to web resources provide evidence or supporting information.
This presentation will report on research that assessed the extent of these problems for links to web resources in scholarly literature, by using three vast corpora of publications and a range of public web archives. It will also describe the Robust Link approach that offers a proactive, uniform, and machine-actionable way to combat link rot and content drift. Finally, it will introduce the Robustify web service and API that was devised to generate links that remain functional over time, paying special attention to challenges related to deploying infrastructure that is required to be long lasting.
This slide deck provides an overview of proposals to use HTTP Links as a means to address some long standing problems related to scholarly resources on the web.
Quantifying Orphaned Annotations in Hypothes.ismaturban
Web annotation has been receiving increased attention recently with the organization of the Open Annotation Collaboration and new tools for open annotation, such as Hypothes.is. In this paper, we investigate the prevalence of orphaned annotations, where a live Web page no longer contains the text that had previously been annotated in the
Hypothes.is annotation system (containing 20,953 highlighted text annotations).
This presentation looks back at several efforts, conducted in the past fifteen years, aimed at establishing interoperability for web-based scholarly communication. It tries to characterize the perspectives/approaches taken by these efforts and, based upon that, proposes an HATEOS-based approach to interlink scholarly nodes on the web. This was first presented at the Research Data Alliance meeting in Paris, France, September 22 2015.
Presentation for PIDapalooza 2016. PIDs need to be used to achieve their intended persistence. Our research (reported at WWW2016, see http://arxiv.org/1602.09102) found that a disturbing percentage of references to papers that have DOIs actually use the landing page HTTP URI instead of the DOI HTTP URI. The problem is likely related to tools used for collecting references such as bookmarks and reference managers. These select the landing page URI instead of the DOI URI because the former is what's available in the address bar. It can safely be assumed that the same problem exists for other types of PIDs. The net result is that the true potential of PIDs is not realized. In order to ameliorate this problem we propose a Signposting pattern for PIDs (http://signposting.org/identifier/). It consists of adding a Link header to HTTP HEAD/GET responses for all resources identified by a DOI, including the landing page and content resources such as "the PDF" and "the dataset". The Link header contains a link, which points with the "identifier" relation type to the DOI HTTP URI. When such a link is available, tools can automatically discover and use the DOI URI instead of the other URIs (landing page, PDF, dataset) associated with the DOI-identified object.
This slide deck provides an overview of proposals to use HTTP Links as a means to address some long standing problems related to scholarly resources on the web.
Looks at hyperlinks from the perspective of a managed collection of resources for which link persistence/integrity is considered a quality of service concern. Distinguishes between links into other managed collections and to the web at large. Considers link rot and content drift.
Presentation about reference rot given at the Complexity Science Hub in Vienna, November 2021.
Links to web resources frequently break (link rot), and linked content can change at unpredictable rates (content drift). These dynamics of the Web are detrimental when references to web resources provide evidence or supporting information.
This presentation will report on research that assessed the extent of these problems for links to web resources in scholarly literature, by using three vast corpora of publications and a range of public web archives. It will also describe the Robust Link approach that offers a proactive, uniform, and machine-actionable way to combat link rot and content drift. Finally, it will introduce the Robustify web service and API that was devised to generate links that remain functional over time, paying special attention to challenges related to deploying infrastructure that is required to be long lasting.
Persistent Identifiers and the Web: The Need for an Unambiguous MappingHerbert Van de Sompel
Presentation given at the International Digital Curation Conference in San Francisco, February 26 2014. Highlights the lack of machine-actionability of persistent identifiers assigned to scholarly communication assets. Proposes an approach to address the issue that meets requirements that take into account the changing nature of web based research communication. A draft paper provides more details: http://public.lanl.gov/herbertv/papers/Papers/2014/IDCC2014_vandesompel.pdf
Presentation for a workshop about persistent identifiers organized by the Royal Library of The Netherlands and DANS. Highlights the non-trivial commitments required of all parties involved in persistent identifier systems to actually keep links based on persistent identifiers ... err ... persistent.
Extended version of slides presented at the "404/File Not Found" symposium held at Georgetown University on October 24 2014, see http://www.law.georgetown.edu/library/404/ . The presentation provides a brief overview of the link/reference rot problem and then discusses three complimentary strategies to combat it: Pro-actively capturing web resources that are linked from a seed collection; Referencing the captures by means of annotated links; Accessing the captures using Memento infrastructure.
To the Rescue of the Orphans of Scholarly CommunicationMartin Klein
To the Rescue of the Orphans of Scholarly Communication
presentation at CNI Spring 2017 meeting
Herbert Van de Sompel
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-6126
Michael L. Nelson
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3749-8116
Martin Klein
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-2097
Slides used for a presentation at the CNI 2013 Fall meeting. Discusses the problem domain of the Hiberlink project, a collaboration between the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the University of Edinburgh, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Hiberlink investigates reference rot in web-based scholarly communication.
"Scholarly Communication: Deconstruct and Decentralize" was presented at the Fall 2017 Meeting of the Coalition for Networked Information. It explores working towards a Scholarly Commons by applying decentralized web ideas to scholarly communication.
Various FAIR criteria pertaining to machine interaction with scholarly artifacts can commonly be addressed by means of repository-wide affordances that are uniformly provided for all hosted artifacts rather than through artifact-specific interventions. If various repository platforms provide such affordances in an interoperable manner, devising tools - for both human and machine use - that leverage them becomes easier.
My involvement, over the years, in a range of interoperability efforts has brought the insight that two factors strongly influence adoption: addressing a burning issue and delivering a KISS solution to tackle it. Undoubtedly, FAIR and FAIR DOs are burning issues. FAIR Signposting <https://signposting.org/FAIR/> is an ad-hoc repository interoperability effort that squarely fits in this problem space and that purposely specifies a KISS solution, hoping to inspire wide adoption.
The evolution of the Web should move forward in an upward spiral that cylces between guiding values, engineering and science. Guiding values should comprise social values as well as system principles that further stabilization and growth of the Web. Principles I will talk about will include social inclusion, connectedness and fairness. Example efforts improve Web access for disabled, critically access Web structures and Web growth, and try to transfer knowledge about previously found patterns of Web growth to analogous cases.
Researcher Pod: Scholarly Communication Using the Decentralized WebHerbert Van de Sompel
The presentation provides an overview of the motivation and direction of the Mellon-funded Researcher Pod project that investigates technical aspects of scholarly communication in a decentralized web setting.
This presentation introduces ResourceSync, a specification aimed to enable web-based synchronization of resources. The specification is the result of a collaboration between NISO and the Open Archives Initiative funded by the Sloan Foundation and JISC. The proposed resource synchronization approach is based on several existing specifications (e.g. Sitemaps, PubSubHubbub, well-known URI) and is aligned with common architectural principles (e.g. REST, follow your nose).
A 15 minute video version of these slides is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASQ4jMYytsA
TPDL2013 tutorial linked data for digital libraries 2013-10-22jodischneider
Tutorial on Linked Data for Digital Libraries, given by me, Uldis Bojars, and Nuno Lopes in Valletta, Malta at TPDL2013 on 2013-10-22.
http://tpdl2013.upatras.gr/tut-lddl.php
This half-day tutorial is aimed at academics and practitioners interested in creating and using Library Linked Data. Linked Data has been embraced as the way to bring complex information onto the Web, enabling discoverability while maintaining the richness of the original data. This tutorial will offer participants an overview of how digital libraries are already using Linked Data, followed by a more detailed exploration of how to publish, discover and consume Linked Data. The practical part of the tutorial will include hands-on exercises in working with Linked Data and will be based on two main case studies: (1) linked authority data and VIAF; (2) place name information as Linked Data.
For practitioners, this tutorial provides a greater understanding of what Linked Data is, and how to prepare digital library materials for conversion to Linked Data. For researchers, this tutorial updates the state of the art in digital libraries, while remaining accessible to those learning Linked
Data principles for the first time. For library and iSchool instructors, the tutorial provides a valuable introduction to an area of growing interest for information organization curricula. For digital library project managers, this tutorial provides a deeper understanding of the principles of Linked Data, which is needed for bespoke projects that involve data mapping and the reuse of existing metadata models.
Delivered by Richard Richard Wincewicz at Open Repositories OR2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA, June 2014.
An introduction to "Reference or Link Rot", the evidence for the extent of the problem, and remedies proposed by the Hiberlink project.
Persistent Identifiers and the Web: The Need for an Unambiguous MappingHerbert Van de Sompel
Presentation given at the International Digital Curation Conference in San Francisco, February 26 2014. Highlights the lack of machine-actionability of persistent identifiers assigned to scholarly communication assets. Proposes an approach to address the issue that meets requirements that take into account the changing nature of web based research communication. A draft paper provides more details: http://public.lanl.gov/herbertv/papers/Papers/2014/IDCC2014_vandesompel.pdf
Presentation for a workshop about persistent identifiers organized by the Royal Library of The Netherlands and DANS. Highlights the non-trivial commitments required of all parties involved in persistent identifier systems to actually keep links based on persistent identifiers ... err ... persistent.
Extended version of slides presented at the "404/File Not Found" symposium held at Georgetown University on October 24 2014, see http://www.law.georgetown.edu/library/404/ . The presentation provides a brief overview of the link/reference rot problem and then discusses three complimentary strategies to combat it: Pro-actively capturing web resources that are linked from a seed collection; Referencing the captures by means of annotated links; Accessing the captures using Memento infrastructure.
To the Rescue of the Orphans of Scholarly CommunicationMartin Klein
To the Rescue of the Orphans of Scholarly Communication
presentation at CNI Spring 2017 meeting
Herbert Van de Sompel
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-6126
Michael L. Nelson
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3749-8116
Martin Klein
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-2097
Slides used for a presentation at the CNI 2013 Fall meeting. Discusses the problem domain of the Hiberlink project, a collaboration between the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the University of Edinburgh, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Hiberlink investigates reference rot in web-based scholarly communication.
"Scholarly Communication: Deconstruct and Decentralize" was presented at the Fall 2017 Meeting of the Coalition for Networked Information. It explores working towards a Scholarly Commons by applying decentralized web ideas to scholarly communication.
Various FAIR criteria pertaining to machine interaction with scholarly artifacts can commonly be addressed by means of repository-wide affordances that are uniformly provided for all hosted artifacts rather than through artifact-specific interventions. If various repository platforms provide such affordances in an interoperable manner, devising tools - for both human and machine use - that leverage them becomes easier.
My involvement, over the years, in a range of interoperability efforts has brought the insight that two factors strongly influence adoption: addressing a burning issue and delivering a KISS solution to tackle it. Undoubtedly, FAIR and FAIR DOs are burning issues. FAIR Signposting <https://signposting.org/FAIR/> is an ad-hoc repository interoperability effort that squarely fits in this problem space and that purposely specifies a KISS solution, hoping to inspire wide adoption.
The evolution of the Web should move forward in an upward spiral that cylces between guiding values, engineering and science. Guiding values should comprise social values as well as system principles that further stabilization and growth of the Web. Principles I will talk about will include social inclusion, connectedness and fairness. Example efforts improve Web access for disabled, critically access Web structures and Web growth, and try to transfer knowledge about previously found patterns of Web growth to analogous cases.
Researcher Pod: Scholarly Communication Using the Decentralized WebHerbert Van de Sompel
The presentation provides an overview of the motivation and direction of the Mellon-funded Researcher Pod project that investigates technical aspects of scholarly communication in a decentralized web setting.
This presentation introduces ResourceSync, a specification aimed to enable web-based synchronization of resources. The specification is the result of a collaboration between NISO and the Open Archives Initiative funded by the Sloan Foundation and JISC. The proposed resource synchronization approach is based on several existing specifications (e.g. Sitemaps, PubSubHubbub, well-known URI) and is aligned with common architectural principles (e.g. REST, follow your nose).
A 15 minute video version of these slides is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASQ4jMYytsA
TPDL2013 tutorial linked data for digital libraries 2013-10-22jodischneider
Tutorial on Linked Data for Digital Libraries, given by me, Uldis Bojars, and Nuno Lopes in Valletta, Malta at TPDL2013 on 2013-10-22.
http://tpdl2013.upatras.gr/tut-lddl.php
This half-day tutorial is aimed at academics and practitioners interested in creating and using Library Linked Data. Linked Data has been embraced as the way to bring complex information onto the Web, enabling discoverability while maintaining the richness of the original data. This tutorial will offer participants an overview of how digital libraries are already using Linked Data, followed by a more detailed exploration of how to publish, discover and consume Linked Data. The practical part of the tutorial will include hands-on exercises in working with Linked Data and will be based on two main case studies: (1) linked authority data and VIAF; (2) place name information as Linked Data.
For practitioners, this tutorial provides a greater understanding of what Linked Data is, and how to prepare digital library materials for conversion to Linked Data. For researchers, this tutorial updates the state of the art in digital libraries, while remaining accessible to those learning Linked
Data principles for the first time. For library and iSchool instructors, the tutorial provides a valuable introduction to an area of growing interest for information organization curricula. For digital library project managers, this tutorial provides a deeper understanding of the principles of Linked Data, which is needed for bespoke projects that involve data mapping and the reuse of existing metadata models.
Delivered by Richard Richard Wincewicz at Open Repositories OR2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA, June 2014.
An introduction to "Reference or Link Rot", the evidence for the extent of the problem, and remedies proposed by the Hiberlink project.
Presented in Glasgow at UKSG, 31 March - 1 April, by Peter Burnhill and Richard Wincewicz.
This presentation looks at reference rot, link rot, and the work of Hiberlink to ensure web citations persist through time.
This webinar will provide new members with tips on getting started with Crossref. Topics will include an introduction to content registration, creating identifiers, member obligations, as well as how to get assistance and keep in touch.
Webinar held on 052418
This material comes from the course I give to 2nd year-students at Centrale Nantes who follow the "Webstrategies and development" program. During this semester long program, students have the opportunity to develop a sound understanding of current web marketing techniques and to put these techniques into practice through real professional missions undertaken with our partners. All courses are given in English. More information on our blog: https://pedagogie.ec-nantes.fr/web-sd/
This courses aims to give an overview of technical outcomes behind social networks (syndication, semantic web, ...) and to help students get familiar with their on-line identity.
These slides will provide new members with tips on getting started with Crossref. Topics will include an introduction to content registration, creating identifiers, member obligations, as well as how to get assistance and keep in touch.
Metadata, Open Access and More: Crossref presentationCrossref
Crossref presentation at Publisher Workshop: metadata, Open Access and more at the British Library. Presented by Vanessa Fairhurst and Rachael Lammey on 5 Feb 19.
Research on Internet Search Engine during my masters studies on 1995. Conducted research on Text Processing Algorithm and Database. Using PERL5 in Sun Solaris platform an Internet Search Engine (Robot) was designed and implemented during 1995 to make digital library of the Web resources.
Hey, this presentation would let you cover up with the concept of Web Mining. This was the presentation that i presented as my class assignment. This ppt. covers up the headlines of the topic "Web Mining" and lists the characteristics for the same. hope you guys find it useful. Thanks in Advance.
Registration / Certification Interoperability Architecture (overlay peer-review)Herbert Van de Sompel
Presentation for the COAR meeting on Overlay Peer-Review held at INRIA, Paris, France. It provides overall context regarding a scholarly communication system in which the core functions of scholarly communication (registration, certification, awareness, archiving) are implemented in a decoupled manner and whereby each function can simultaneously be fulfilled by different parties, potentially in different ways. It shows how notifications can be used to achieve loosely coupled, point-to-point interoperability in such an environment, zooming in on interoperability between registration and certification aka interoperability between repositories and overlay peer-review services.
Slides used for a keynote presentation at the VIVO 2019 Conference in Podgorica, Montenegro.
Abstract: The invitation to present a keynote at the VIVO Conference and the goal of the VIVO platform, as stated on the DuraSpace site, to create an integrated record of the scholarly work of an organisation reminded me of various efforts that I have been involved in over the past years that had similar goals. EgoSystem (2014) attempted to gather information about postdocs that had left the organisation, leaving little or no contact details behind. Autoload (2017), an operational service, discovers papers by organisational researchers in order to upload them in the institutional repository. myresearch.institute (2018), an experiment that is still in progress, discovers artefacts that researchers deposit in web productivity portals and subsequently archives them. More recently, I have been involved in thinking about the future of NARCIS, a portal that provides an overview of research productivity in The Netherlands. The approach taken in all these efforts share a characteristic motivated by a desire to devise scalable and sustainable solutions: let machines rather than humans do the work. In this talk, I will provide an overview of these efforts, their motivations, the challenges involved, and the nature of success (if any).
Presentation for PIDapalooza 2019, Dublin, Ireland.
The Scholarly Orphans project, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, explores technical approaches aimed at capturing and archiving scholarly artifacts that researchers deposit in web productivity portals as a means to collaborate and communicate with their peers. These artifacts are not collected by other frameworks aimed at archiving the scholarly record (e.g., LOCKSS, Portico, Institutional Repositories) and are only incidentally captured by web archives. The project explores an institution-driven approach inspired by web archiving. To demonstrate the ongoing thinking, the project has devised an experimental automated pipeline that continuously discovers, captures, and archives artifacts. These are created by actual researchers who, for the purpose of the experiment, were virtually enlisted in a fictive research institution. A portal at myresearch.institute provides an overview of the artifacts that were discovered and provides access to archived versions stored in both an institutional and a cross-institutional archive. The set-up leverages a range of technologies that share a flavor of persistence: Memento, Memento Tracer, Robust Links, Signposting.
As a memento of my last week of working at LANL, I put together a slide deck that provides an overview of major efforts conducted during the time I was there.
Presentation given at EuropeanaTech 2018 in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Provides a summary of insights gained from working for about a decade on challenges related to temporal aspects of the web, persistence.
DBpedia Archive using Memento, Triple Pattern Fragments, and HDTHerbert Van de Sompel
DBpedia is the Linked Data version of Wikipedia. Starting in 2007, several DBpedia dumps have been made available for download. In 2010, the Research Library at the Los Alamos National Laboratory used these dumps to deploy a Memento-compliant DBpedia Archive, in order to demonstrate the applicability and appeal of accessing temporal versions of Linked Data sets using the Memento “Time Travel for the Web” protocol. The archive supported datetime negotiation to access various temporal versions of RDF descriptions of DBpedia subject URIs.
In a recent collaboration with the iMinds Group of Ghent University, the DBpedia Archive received a major overhaul. The initial MongoDB storage approach, which was unable to handle increasingly large DBpedia dumps, was replaced by HDT, the Binary RDF Representation for Publication and Exchange. And, in addition to the existing subject URI access point, Triple Pattern Fragments access, as proposed by the Linked Data Fragments project, was added. This allows datetime negotiation for URIs that identify RDF triples that match subject/predicate/object patterns. To add this powerful capability, native Memento support was added to the Linked Data Fragments Server of Ghent University.
In this talk, we will include a brief refresher of Memento, and will cover Linked Data Fragments, Triple Pattern Fragments, and HDT in more detail. We will share lessons learned from this effort and demo the new DBpedia Archive, which, at this point, holds over 5 billion RDF triples.
This presentation provides an overview of the Memento "Time Travel for the Web" framework that is aligned with the stable version of the Memento protocol, specified in RFC 7089.
As the scholarly communication system evolves to become natively web-based and starts supporting the communication of a wide variety of objects, the manner in which its essential functions – registration, certification, awareness, archiving - are fulfilled co-evolves. This presentation focuses on the nature of the archival function based on a perspective of the future scholarly communication infrastructure. This presentation, prepared for a meeting in June 2014, is based on and updates a previous one that was prepared for a January 2014 meeting. The latter is available at http://www.slideshare.net/atreloar/scholarly-archiveofthefuture
The slides were used to accompany an overview of the outcomes of the ResourceSync project at the 2014 Spring Membership Meeting of the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI).
The launch of ResourceSync, a joint project of the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) and the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, was motivated by the ubiquitous need to synchronize resources for applications in the realm of cultural heritage and research communication. After an initial problem definition and scoping phase, the project has designed, specified, and tested a framework for web-based synchronization that is based on SiteMaps, a protocol widely used by web servers to advertise the resources they make available to search engines for indexing. This choice allows repositories to address both search engine optimization and resource synchronization needs using the same technology.
The ResourceSync framework specifies various modular capabilities that a repository can support in order to allow third party systems to remain synchronized with its evolving resources. For example, a Resource List provides an inventory of resources whereas a Change List details resources that were created, deleted or updated during a given temporal interval. Support for capabilities can be combined in order to meet local or community requirements. The framework specifies capabilities that require a third party to recurrently poll for up-to-date information about a repositories’ resources but also publish/subscribe capabilities that keep third parties informed about changes through notifications, thereby significantly reducing synchronization latency.
Keynote presentation delivered at ELAG 2013 in Gent, Belgium, on May 29 2013. Discusses Research Objects and the relationship to work my team has been involved in during the past couple of years: OAI-ORE, Open Annotation, Memento.
Presentation given at the EMTACL12 conference in Trondheim, Norway, on October 1 2012. Discusses the evolution towards a highly dynamic scholarly record (assets don't have the sense of fixity they used to have; assets are highly interdependent) and how the archiving infrastructure used for scholarly communication can not adequately deal with this dynamism.
This presentation provides a problem perspective from the recently launched NISO/OAI ResourceSync effort that aims at devisions a framework for synchronizing web resources. The slides were used during a WebEx conference on March 6 2012.
The presentation explores the trend towards a scholarly communication system that is friendly to machines. It presents 3 exhibits illustrating the trend and 1 exhibit illustrating inertia in the system. It makes the point that machine-actionability can be much easier achieved if content and metadata are available in Open Access and under a permissive Creative Commons license. It also observes that even with content and metadata openly available, new costs related to advanced tools to explore the scholarly record will emerge. Finally, it points at significant challenges regarding the persistence of the scholarly record in light of increasingly interconnected and actionable content and advanced tools to interact with it.
The slides were used for a plenary presentation at the LIBER 2011 Conference in Barcelona, Spain, on June 30 2011.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and Guidelines
Interoperability for web based scholarship
1. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
Cartoon by Patrick Hochstenbach
Slides prepared by:
Herbert Van de Sompel
@hvdsomp
Acknowledgments: Geoff Bilder, Shawn
Jones, Martin Klein, Michael L. Nelson, David
Rosenthal, Harihar Shankar, Simeon Warner,
Karl Ward, Joe Wass
Signposting the Scholarly Web: An Overview
http://signposting.org
Signposting is funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
2. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Introduction: HTTP Links
• Signposting the Scholarly Web
• Proposed Patterns
• Putting it Together
Outline
3. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
HTTP Links
Mark Nottingham (2010) RFC5988: Web Linking.
http://tools.iets.org/rfc/rfc5988.txt
6. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
HTTP Links Are Used
curl –I http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 27 Oct 2016 04:43:28 GMT
Content-Type: application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 1210
Link:
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>
; rel=“license",
<http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik>
; rel="alternate"; type="text/n3",
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reykjavik>; rel="describes",
<http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/dbpedia/timegate/http://dbpedia.org/
data/Reykjavik>
; rel="timegate"
7. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
HTTP Links Are Used
curl –I http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 27 Oct 2016 04:43:28 GMT
Content-Type: application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 1210
Link:
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>
; rel=“license",
<http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik>
; rel="alternate"; type="text/n3",
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reykjavik>; rel="describes",
<http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/dbpedia/timegate/http://dbpedia.org/
data/Reykjavik>
; rel="timegate"
8. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
HTTP Links Are Used
curl –I http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 27 Oct 2016 04:43:28 GMT
Content-Type: application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 1210
Link:
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>
; rel=“license",
<http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik>
; rel="alternate"; type="text/n3",
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reykjavik>; rel="describes",
<http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/dbpedia/timegate/http://dbpedia.org/
data/Reykjavik>
; rel="timegate"
9. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
HTTP Links Are Used
curl –I http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 27 Oct 2016 04:43:28 GMT
Content-Type: application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 1210
Link:
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>
; rel=“license",
<http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik>
; rel="alternate"; type="text/n3",
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reykjavik>; rel="describes",
<http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/dbpedia/timegate/http://dbpedia.org/
data/Reykjavik>
; rel="timegate"
10. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
HTTP Links Are Used
curl –I http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 27 Oct 2016 04:43:28 GMT
Content-Type: application/rdf+xml; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 1210
Link:
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>
; rel=“license",
<http://dbpedia.org/data/Reykjavik>
; rel="alternate"; type="text/n3",
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reykjavik>; rel="describes",
<http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/dbpedia/timegate/http://dbpedia.org/
data/Reykjavik>
; rel="timegate"
11. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Registered in IANA registry
• Strings, e.g. license, alternate, describes, timegate
• Requires a formal specification, e.g. RFC
• Typically used for common relationships, generically specified
• Provides broad, coarse grained interoperability
• Minted by a community
• URIs, e.g. http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic
• Requires community agreement
• Can be as specific as desired
• Can provide community-specific, fine grained interoperability
HTTP Link Relation Types
12. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Can uniformly be used for all MIME types
• Accessible via HTTP HEAD (no content transfer):
• Works for large resources and for restricted content
• But HTTP Link not accessible to JavaScript
• Links can be conveyed:
• by-value, in the HTTP Link header
• by-reference, by using a link in the HTTP header with the
linkset relation type that points to a collection of links
• HTTP Links provide guidance to machine agents intent on
accomplishing a specific task
HTTP Links Are Pretty Neat
13. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Can only be done for media types that support inclusion of typed
links, i.e. using the HTML <link> element in <head>
• Requires HTTP GET (content transfer)
• HTML <link> is accessible to JavaScript
• For HTML pages, use both HTTP Link and HTML <link>
• Links can be conveyed:
• by-value, using HTML <link>
• by-reference, by using an HTML <link> with the linkset
relation type that points to a collection of links
• HTML <link> elements provide guidance to machine agents intent
on accomplishing a specific task
HTTP Links Alternative: Links in Resource Representation
14. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Used to point to a collection of links in which the resource that
provides the link participates
• As link target or link source
• Use when:
• It is hard to provide links from within the application (it is easy to
provide a linkset link using a web server rewrite rule)
• It is easier to provide links from a dedicated application, operated
by the custodian of the resource or by a third party
• The number of links to be provided is large and risks making the
HTTP header too bulky
The linkset Relation Type (1) Is Pretty Neat
(1) Wilde, E. and Van de Sompel, H (2017) Linkset: A Link Relation Type and Media Types for Link Sets
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wilde-linkset-link-rel/
15. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Introduction: HTTP Links
• Signposting the Scholarly Web
• Proposed Patterns
• Putting it Together
Outline
16. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Proposal:
Use HTTP Links to address some long standing problems regarding
scholarly resources on the web, by interlinking them using
appropriate relation types
• Focus on a limited set of patterns to support uniformly:
• Conveying a Persistent Identifier
• Expressing the web boundary of a scholarly resource
• Making bibliographic metadata discoverable
• Conveying an Author Identifier
• Conveying a resource type
Signposting the Scholarly Web
17. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• PID: Persistent Identifier
• HTTP PID: the HTTP URI notation of the PID
• entry page: the page where one ends up after following redirects
from the HTTP PID, typically the landing page or full content HTML
• resource: a web resource identified by an HTTP URI
• constituent resource: a resource that is an integral part of a
scholarly object, e.g. landing page, PDF, supporting data, …
• bibliographic resource: a resource that provides a bibliographic
description of a scholarly object
Terminology
18. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Introduction: HTTP Links
• Signposting the Scholarly Web
• Proposed Patterns
• Putting it Together
Outline
19. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Problem: When positioned at a constituent resource of a scholarly
object, the associated HTTP PID is not available. As a result:
• Entry page URIs are used for citation (1)
• Applications such as annotation can not determine the HTTP PID
associated with a constituent resource
• Entry page URIs are used in social media and hence missed by
alt metrics applications
• Solution: provide identifier link pointing at the HTTP PID
• Applies to: entry page, all constituent resources
Pattern: Identifier
(1) Herbert Van de Sompel, Martin Klein, and Shawn Jones (2016) Persistent URIs Must Be Used to Be Persistent.
In: WWW2016. http://arxiv.org/1602.09102
20. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
Use HTTP Link with identifier Relation Type
http://signposting.org/identifier/dryad/
21. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
Use HTTP Link with identifier Relation Type
curl –I
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november15/vandesompel/11vandesompel.html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 26 Oct 2016 12:36:37 GMT
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Thu, 19 Nov 2015 14:50:19 GMT
ETag: "205a5e-f5ef-524e5e0ab80c0"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 62959
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Link: <https://doi.org/10.1045/november2015-vandesompel>
; rel=“identifier”
22. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Problem: It is not possible to determine what the constituent
resources of a scholarly object are
• Preservation and text mining tools require portal-specific
heuristic to find those constituent resources (1)
• Can’t find the pathway from an HTTP PID directly to e.g. the PDF
• Solution: provide item/collection links to interlink entry page
and constituent resources; convey MIME types on item links
• Applies to: All constituent resources of a scholarly object
Pattern: Publication Boundary
(1) Van de Sompel, H., Rosenthal, D., and Nelson, M.L. (2016) Web Infrastructure to Support e-Journal
Preservation (and More). http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.06154
23. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
Use HTTP Link with item/collection Relation Type
http://signposting.org/publication_boundary/oxford/
24. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
curl –I http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2179
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 17 Jun 2017 09:11:52 GMT
Server: Apache
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Accept-Ranges: none
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=200
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Link:
<http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/download/2179/3748>
; rel=“item” ; type=“application/pdf” ,
<http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2179/3747>
; rel="item"; type="text/epub+zip"
Use HTTP Link with item/collection Relation Type
25. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Problem: It is not possible to determine where the bibliographic
resources that describes a scholarly object can be found
• Preservation and reference manager tools require portal-specific
heuristic to find those resources (1)
• Solution: provide describedby/describes links to interlink entry
page and bibliographic metadata resources
• Applies to:
• describedby: HTTP PID, entry page
• describes: bibliographic resources
Pattern: Bibliographic Metadata
(1) Van de Sompel, H., Rosenthal, D., and Nelson, M.L. (2016) Web Infrastructure to Support e-Journal
Preservation (and More). http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.06154
26. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
Use HTTP Link with describedby/describes Relation Type
http://signposting.org/bibliographic_metadata/springer/
27. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
curl -I
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.01152
53
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 17 Jun 2017 09:29:03 GMT
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Content-Language: en-US
Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100
Content-Length: 308491
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
Link:
<http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/citation/bibtex?id=10.1371
%2Fjournal.pone.0115253>
; rel="describedby" ; type="application/x-bibtex" ,
<https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115253>
; rel="describedby" ; type="application/vnd.citationstyles.csl+json"
Use HTTP Link with describedby/describes Relation Type
28. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
Bibliographic Metadata Conventions
http://signposting.org/conventions/
29. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
• Introduction: HTTP Links
• Signposting the Scholarly Web
• Proposed Patterns
• Putting it Together
Outline
36. Signposting the Scholarly Web
http://signposting.org
Cartoon by Patrick Hochstenbach
Slides prepared by:
Herbert Van de Sompel
@hvdsomp
Acknowledgments: Geoff Bilder, Shawn
Jones, Martin Klein, Michael L. Nelson, David
Rosenthal, Harihar Shankar, Simeon Warner,
Karl Ward, Joe Wass
Signposting the Scholarly Web: An Overview
http://signposting.org
Signposting is funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation