There are several methods for setting transfer prices between divisions of a company: cost-based transfer pricing uses costs of production; market-based transfer pricing uses market prices; and negotiated transfer pricing involves negotiation between divisions. Transfer pricing policies can affect employees, shareholders, management, and competitors by impacting divisional profits and market competition. The transfer price is an accounting expense and revenue used between divisions without cash flow changing hands.

1. International
Transfer Pricing
Methods.
Shabana banu,
2nd year M. COM
Under the guidance of
Sundar B. N.
Asst. Prof. & Course Co-ordinator
GFGCW, PG Studies in Commerce
Holenarasipura

2. INTRODUCTION.
The setting of price for goods and services sold
between controlled / related legal entities with an
organization is called transfer pricing.
Transfer pricing is a key technique of divisional
performance measurement particularly when the
product or services of one division are transferred
to another division of same company for further
processing or treatment before they are passed on
to the hands of the customers as final product.

3. MEANING OF TRANSFER
PRICING.
It is the value at which goods and services
are transferred from one unit to another
unit of a company.
Transfer prices are normally set for
intermediate products, which are supplied
by selling division to buying division

4. DEFINITION OF TRANSFER
PRICING.
Determination of exchange price when different
business units within a firm exchange the products
and services. A price negotiated between two
related persons.
For example, if a subsidiary company sells goods
to a parent company, the cost of those goods paid
by the parent to the subsidiary is the transfer price.

6. METHODS OF TRANSFER
PRICING.

7. Cost Based
Transfer price.

8. Market Based
transfer Price.
In this method, the prices
charged for intra -
company transfer are
determined on the basis
of market price prevailing
in the market. From the
market price, selling and
distribution overheads
should be charged at
transfer price.

9. Negotiated
Transfer Price.

10. Factors Of Transfer
Pricing Policy.
1. Employees : Employees of the different divisions of a firm can be
affected by the transfer pricing policy particularly when their
performance is measured in terms of profitability of their divisions.
2. Shareholders / owner's : shareholders and owners of the firm, like the
employees can influence and be influenced by the transfer pricing
policy.
3. Management : Management of the firm especially at the senior level
would prefer such transfer pricing policy as would help the firm
maximize it's consolidated earnings especially when their
compensations is liked to the firm's overall performance.
4. Competitors : Transfer pricing of firms can affect the market
competition as a multinational corporations can charge artificially low
transfer price for the goods or services supplied to it's affiliates in the
foreign country there by enabling the affiliate offer it's products at a

11. CONCLUSION.
The transfer price is the price that one division of a company
charges another division of the same company for a product
transferred between the two division so there are no cash flows
between the divisions.
The transfer price becomes an expenses for the receiving
manager and a revenue for the supplying manager.
The transfer price is used for accounting purposes.
The most common objective in transfer pricing is to avoid or
reduce tax there by decreasing cost of production and
increasing profit.