International Trade Blocs
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This document discusses international trading blocs. It begins by defining international trading blocs as inter-governmental associations that promote business, trade, and exchange across national boundaries. It then lists some of the key topics to be covered, including the objectives, activities, and drawbacks of trading blocs, as well as details on some major blocs. The objectives of trading blocs are outlined as setting up common markets, expanding trade, empowering member state relations, making trade laws flexible, integrating economies, upgrading policies, and enhancing living standards. Major trading blocs discussed include the EU, ASEAN, SAARC, BRICS, and NAFTA. Further details are provided on the founding, headquarters, and member states of
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TRADING BLOCKS
Trading blocks are groups of countries that work towards reducing trade barriers between members. The document discusses the major trading blocks: the European Union, NAFTA, OPEC, ASEAN, SAARC, and MERCOSUR. It provides details on the founding, objectives, and provisions of these blocks. The European Union aims to create a common market without trade barriers between its 27 member states. NAFTA eliminated trade barriers between the US, Canada, and Mexico, creating the world's largest free trade area. OPEC coordinates policies to secure fair oil prices for producers and consumers.
Trading blocs and their impact
The document discusses several major trade blocs around the world including their objectives and impacts. It provides details on the European Union (EU), describing it as the world's largest trading bloc. It outlines the goals and benefits of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) for the US, Canada, and Mexico. It also briefly discusses the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as important trade blocs in other regions.
Different Trade Blocs
The document discusses different types of trade blocs including free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions. It provides examples of various trade blocs such as NAFTA, ASEAN, EU, OPEC, SAARC, CACM, and ALADI. The objectives of forming trade blocs are to reduce trade barriers between member countries, impose barriers on non-members, and promote economic integration and cooperation. Trade blocs can increase intra-regional trade but also create common external barriers that affect global trade.
Regional economic integration
This document provides an overview of regional economic integration agreements. It discusses the objectives of economic integration such as strengthening political ties and improving bargaining power. It describes different levels of integration from free trade areas to economic unions. Examples of regional agreements discussed include the European Union, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and ASEAN. The EU eliminated trade barriers and allowed free movement of goods, services, and factors of production. NAFTA achieved trade liberalization between the US, Canada, and Mexico. Regional agreements in Latin America and Southeast Asia aimed to accelerate economic development among developing countries.
Regional Trade Blocs
This document discusses several major regional trade blocs including the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It provides details on the objectives, members, and key provisions or agreements of each trade bloc, such as eliminating tariffs and quotas within the blocs to promote regional trade.
Nature and Functions of NAFTA - Cost Benefit Analysis
This document outlines a presentation on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It begins with background on free trade and then describes NAFTA, including its objectives, structure, benefits, and disadvantages. NAFTA created the world's largest free trade area between the US, Canada, and Mexico in 1994. It aims to eliminate barriers to trade and facilitate cross-border movement of goods and services. The document discusses impacts such as increased trade, foreign investment, economic growth, and agriculture trade between the three countries.
Regional economic integration for developing countries
Regional Economic Integration (REI) refers to the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating trade barriers only between the states joining together.
Regional economic groups eliminate or reduce trade tariffs (and other trade barriers) among the Partner States while maintaining tariffs or barriers for the rest of the world (non-member countries).
Geographical proximity, cultural, historical, and ideological similarities, competitive or complementary economic linkages, and a common language among the Partner States are importantly required for effective economic integration.
The aim of economic integration is to lessen costs for both consumers and producers, in addition to increase trade between the countries taking part in the agreement.
A primary economic objective of integration is to raise:
a) real output and income of the participants
&
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by increasing specialization and competition by facilitating desirable structural (linkages) changes.
Regional trade agreements
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The document discusses several major trade blocs around the world including their objectives and impacts. It provides details on the European Union (EU), describing it as the world's largest trading bloc. It outlines the goals and benefits of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) for the US, Canada, and Mexico. It also briefly discusses the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as important trade blocs in other regions.
Different Trade Blocs
The document discusses different types of trade blocs including free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions. It provides examples of various trade blocs such as NAFTA, ASEAN, EU, OPEC, SAARC, CACM, and ALADI. The objectives of forming trade blocs are to reduce trade barriers between member countries, impose barriers on non-members, and promote economic integration and cooperation. Trade blocs can increase intra-regional trade but also create common external barriers that affect global trade.
Regional economic integration
This document provides an overview of regional economic integration agreements. It discusses the objectives of economic integration such as strengthening political ties and improving bargaining power. It describes different levels of integration from free trade areas to economic unions. Examples of regional agreements discussed include the European Union, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and ASEAN. The EU eliminated trade barriers and allowed free movement of goods, services, and factors of production. NAFTA achieved trade liberalization between the US, Canada, and Mexico. Regional agreements in Latin America and Southeast Asia aimed to accelerate economic development among developing countries.
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This document discusses several major regional trade blocs including the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It provides details on the objectives, members, and key provisions or agreements of each trade bloc, such as eliminating tariffs and quotas within the blocs to promote regional trade.
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This document outlines a presentation on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It begins with background on free trade and then describes NAFTA, including its objectives, structure, benefits, and disadvantages. NAFTA created the world's largest free trade area between the US, Canada, and Mexico in 1994. It aims to eliminate barriers to trade and facilitate cross-border movement of goods and services. The document discusses impacts such as increased trade, foreign investment, economic growth, and agriculture trade between the three countries.
Regional economic integration for developing countries
Regional Economic Integration (REI) refers to the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating trade barriers only between the states joining together.
Regional economic groups eliminate or reduce trade tariffs (and other trade barriers) among the Partner States while maintaining tariffs or barriers for the rest of the world (non-member countries).
Geographical proximity, cultural, historical, and ideological similarities, competitive or complementary economic linkages, and a common language among the Partner States are importantly required for effective economic integration.
The aim of economic integration is to lessen costs for both consumers and producers, in addition to increase trade between the countries taking part in the agreement.
A primary economic objective of integration is to raise:
a) real output and income of the participants
&
b) rate of growth
by increasing specialization and competition by facilitating desirable structural (linkages) changes.
Regional trade agreements
The document discusses various types of regional trade agreements including free trade areas, customs unions, and common markets. It describes key regional agreements such as ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA, the EU, and TPP. The main objectives of regional trade agreements are to obtain economic benefits, pursue non-economic goals, ensure market access, and improve bargaining strength. Advantages include increased economic growth, technological innovation, investment, and trade. The document also discusses concepts like trade creation, trade diversion, rules of origin, and the relationship between regionalism and multilateral trade agreements under the WTO.
World bank and International Monetary Fund (imf
The World Bank is an internationally supported bank that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for programs to reduce poverty such as infrastructure projects. It is governed by a board of executive directors representing member countries. The United States has veto power due to its large financial contributions. The World Bank funds projects in various sectors and faces criticism for promoting Western interests. The IMF was created in 1944 to stabilize exchange rates and assist in reconstructing international payments after World War II. It is governed by a board and managing director. The IMF aims to facilitate global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability.
Economic integration
Economic integration involves reducing trade barriers and coordinating economic policies between countries. It aims to lower costs for consumers and producers and increase trade. There are several levels of economic integration, from preferential trade areas with lower tariffs between members to customs unions with common external tariffs and common markets adding free movement of goods, services, capital and labor. The highest levels involve a common currency and centralized economic policies as in the European Union.
International Monetary Fund
The IMF is an organization of 186 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation and secure financial stability. It provides policy advice and financing to help countries achieve macroeconomic stability. The IMF tracks global economic trends, warns of potential problems, and shares expertise to help countries address economic difficulties. It supports members through policy advice, research, loans, and technical assistance. The IMF aims to ensure the stability of the international monetary system and help members promote growth and alleviate poverty.
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India looks at regional trading arrangements (RTAs) as “building blocks” towards the overall objective of trade liberalization. Therefore, it is participating in a number of RTAs which include structures such as free trade agreements (FTAs), preferential trade agreements (PTAs), and comprehensive economic cooperation agreements (CECAs).
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The document discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which established rules for free trade between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. NAFTA systematically eliminated tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade and investment. It aims to promote fair competition, increase investment opportunities, protect intellectual property rights, and establish frameworks for cooperation. NAFTA has increased trade, investment, and economic growth in North America but has also been criticized for negative impacts on some workers and farmers.
International Monetary Fund
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IMF
The IMF was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote international monetary cooperation and stability. It currently has 188 member countries. The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability through its main functions of surveillance, technical assistance, and financial support. It is governed by the Board of Governors and managed by an Executive Board and Managing Director. While the IMF aims to stabilize currencies and financial systems, its policies have also faced criticism for imposing austerity that negatively impacts social services, labor rights, and the environment in some member countries.
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This document discusses the political and legal environments that multinational enterprises must consider when operating in different countries. It outlines various political systems such as democracy, totalitarianism, and mixed systems. It also describes the layers of political influence from the home country, host country, and global levels. The legal environment section notes that countries develop their own legal systems and the main types are common law and code law systems. It concludes by explaining the layers of the legal environment and methods for settling international disputes such as negotiation, arbitration, and litigation.
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This document provides an overview of the evolution of economic integration in South Asia through organizations like SAARC and agreements like SAPTA and SAFTA. It discusses how SAFTA aims to establish a free trade area in South Asia by 2006 by progressively reducing tariffs and removing non-tariff barriers according to schedules. While SAFTA could boost intra-regional trade, there are also challenges to its implementation like the sensitive trade issues between India and Pakistan and countries maintaining sensitive product lists. The document concludes that fully realizing SAFTA's benefits will require addressing regional political and economic diversity.
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WTO
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade. It has 164 member countries. The WTO aims to ensure trade flows smoothly and predictably by establishing a framework for trade policies and settling disputes between members. Key principles of the WTO include non-discrimination between trading partners, reciprocity in trade agreements, transparency in trade policies, and safety valves that allow members to restrict trade in limited circumstances such as to protect health or the environment. The WTO oversees agreements on trade in goods, services, and intellectual property protection.
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This is a critical analysis of IMF and its importance and influence in modern day international trade and marketing. Prepared for an International Marketing Assignment.
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CHAPTER NO 22.pptx Of tybaf banking and finance
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Similar to International Trade Blocs
World trade organisation (WTO)
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade. The WTO was established in 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It has 164 member countries and aims to ensure integrated and more viable global trading system by implementing trade agreements, providing a forum for trade negotiations, settling trade disputes, improving living standards through trade liberalization, and overseeing national trade policies. The organization is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and has a director-general and a secretariat staff of over 600 people.
CHAPTER NO 22.pptx Of tybaf banking and finance
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Wto imf and economic integration
The document discusses several international economic organizations including UNCTAD, which aims to integrate developing countries into the global economy; the Common Fund for Commodities, which facilitates international commodity agreements; and WIPO, which protects intellectual property rights globally. It also describes different types of regional trade agreements from preferential trading to economic unions and lists major regional trade blocks and India’s participation in them. Finally, it provides overviews of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank Group.
Regional Trade Agreement
The document provides information on regional trade agreements, international economic institutions, and their objectives. It discusses the IMF, World Bank, WTO, NAFTA, ASEAN, SAARC, and MERCOSUR. The IMF was established to regulate exchange rates and enforce monetary system rules. The World Bank makes development loans to help countries pursue poverty reduction goals. UNCTAD deals with trade, investment, and development issues to promote equitable economic growth between developed and developing nations.
WTO
this ppt is made on World Trade organisation for education purpose. Tells us about the functions , roles overview of WTO
Cross national cooperation and agreements
The document provides information on various forms of cross-national cooperation and economic agreements between countries, including:
1) Bilateral, regional, and global integration agreements that give preference to member countries.
2) International organizations like the WTO and regional groups in Europe (EU, EFTA), Asia (ASEAN, APEC, SAARC, GCC), and Africa (SADC, COMESA) that aim to reduce trade barriers and foster economic cooperation.
3) Examples of regional economic communities like the EU that have advanced from free trade areas to customs unions and common markets with coordinated economic and political policies.
Seminar on regional blocks
Regional blocks are co-operative union or group of countries within a specific geographical boundary.
India's free trade agreement
Free trade agreements are agreements between countries to reduce or eliminate barriers to trade such as tariffs and regulatory laws. They are promoted by organizations like the World Trade Organization to encourage trade without barriers. There are bilateral agreements between two countries as well as multilateral agreements involving more than two countries to broadly liberalize trade across an interdependent global economy.
Tradingblocs 110223221206-phpapp01
This document discusses economic integration and trading blocs. It defines economic integration as agreements between nations to reduce trade barriers and boost cooperation. Trading blocs are preferential trade agreements between groups of countries that establish liberal trade rules for members. The document outlines different types of trading blocs from free trade areas to political unions. It provides examples like the EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, EFTA, and SAARC. Both opportunities and threats of trading blocs are mentioned. Key aspects of major trading blocs are summarized.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE INSTITUTIONS[6].pptx
The document discusses several major international trade institutions: the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It describes their roles in regulating trade, maintaining global economic stability, and promoting cooperation between member nations. The WTO oversees trade agreements and resolves disputes. The IMF provides financial assistance and policy advice to stabilize economies. And the OECD fosters growth and coordination among developed countries. Together these organizations shape international economic relations.
International trade law-- 'fta and its impact'
This power point presentation summarizes the impact of free trade areas (FTAs) in Asia. It notes that a majority of FTAs are bilateral agreements between dissimilar countries, creating a "hub-and-spoke" system. FTAs are seen as supporting trade and foreign direct investment by reducing barriers. However, non-tariff measures and rules of origin can limit their effectiveness. The presentation examines FTAs across various Asian economies and suggests that consolidation may proceed by strengthening ASEAN integration and creating an FTA between China, Japan, and South Korea.
Topic 3b.ppt
Regional trade agreements (RTAs) such as the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) aim to promote regional economic integration through reducing trade barriers. The EU establishes a single market across Europe through common institutions that govern economic and foreign policy. NAFTA creates a free trade zone in North America through eliminating 99% of tariffs. ASEAN works to establish an ASEAN Free Trade Area through reducing trade barriers among Southeast Asian nations.
regional trade agreements
The document discusses several regional trade agreements including NAFTA, ASEAN, APEC, and BIMSTEC. It provides an overview of the objectives and goals of establishing each trade bloc, such as strengthening economic cooperation, reducing barriers to trade, and increasing investment opportunities between member countries. Key details include NAFTA's goals to create new markets and rules for business, ASEAN's aims to promote economic growth and prosperity in Asia-Pacific, and BIMSTEC's objectives to encourage development and alleviate poverty in South Asia.
Sm 130614125210-phpapp02
Trading blocks are groups of countries that work towards reducing trade barriers between members. The document discusses major trading blocks like the European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN, SAARC, OPEC, and MERCOSUR. It provides details on the founding, objectives, and provisions of these blocks. The European Union aims to create a common market without trade barriers between its 27 member states. NAFTA eliminated trade barriers between the US, Canada, and Mexico creating the world's largest free trade area. ASEAN and SAARC work to accelerate economic growth and cultural development among Southeast Asian and South Asian nations respectively.
Sm 130614125210-phpapp02 (1)
Trading blocks are groups of countries that work towards reducing trade barriers between members. The document discusses major trading blocks like the European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN, SAARC, OPEC, and MERCOSUR. It provides details on the founding, objectives, and provisions of these blocks. The European Union aims to create a common market without trade barriers between its 27 member states. NAFTA eliminated trade barriers between the US, Canada, and Mexico creating the world's largest free trade area. ASEAN and SAARC work to accelerate economic growth and cultural development among Southeast Asian and South Asian nations respectively.
international marketing- Apec
The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum established in 1989 comprising 21 member economies that aims to promote sustainable economic growth and prosperity. APEC members have a combined GDP of $21 trillion and account for nearly half of global trade. Key goals of APEC include facilitating the free flow of goods, services, investment and people across borders through initiatives like faster customs procedures and aligned regulations.
B416 The Evolution Of Global Economies Lecture 6 International Trade Organisa...
B416 The Evolution Of Global Economies Lecture 6 International Trade Organisa...Pearson College London
The document summarizes key points about international trade organizations and regional economic integration. It discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the major body governing global trade agreements and enforcement. It also describes different forms of regional economic integration like free trade areas, customs unions, and common markets. Examples of major regional trading blocs are provided, such as the European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN, and groups in Africa and the Americas. The impacts of regional integration on trade flows and economic development are also summarized.3.IFI.pptx
1. The document discusses several international financial institutions including the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, their goals of providing loans and assistance to developing countries for economic development.
2. It also discusses the concepts of market integration seen in economic unions like the European Union and ASEAN, which aim to reduce barriers to trade and movement of goods, services, and factors of production across member countries.
3. The benefits of economic integration are outlined, including the EU's single currency, the Euro, which lowered costs for cross-border transactions and made price comparisons easier.
Asean
The document discusses the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), including its history, members, goals, and economic integration efforts. Specifically, it summarizes that ASEAN was established in 1967 in Thailand to promote regional stability and economic growth. It currently has 10 members and aims to develop an ASEAN Economic Community through increasing trade, mobility of labor and capital, and economic cooperation among members.
Lesson 2a & b political and economic players in globalisation
This document provides information about various political and economic players involved in the process of globalization, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and regional trade blocs like the European Union (EU) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It discusses how the WTO, through its rules promoting free trade, has impacted member countries like Pakistan. It also examines the roles of national governments and economic groups in shaping globalization and managing international trade relationships. Key concepts covered include trade liberalization, privatization, foreign direct investment, and special economic zones.
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B416 The Evolution Of Global Economies Lecture 6 International Trade Organisa...
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International Trade Blocs
- 2. TOPICS UNDER RADAR.. • What are International Trading Blocs.. • Objectives of ITBs.. • Activities of ITBs.. • Drawbacks of Trading Blocks.. • Some major ITBs.. • What if there are no Trade Blocs.. • QA session..
- 3. What are ITBs.. • These are Inter – Governmental associations to promote business, trade and exchange beyond national boundaries..
- 4. Objectives of ITBs.. • Setting up a common market for trade. • Continuous and balanced expansion. • Empowering relations between member states. • Making trade laws and regulations flexible. • Economy Integration. • Policy upgradations. • Enhancing the life standards of people
- 5. Drawbacks of Trade Blocs.. • Though we are not in any informal loss of being in a Trade Bloc, but there are many diplomatic and formal pressures which put us in debt and we have to, anyhow, fulfil, our promise of trade treaties. • For e.g.- If you’ve promise someone to provide 100 kg of Soya bean in one year, than you’ve to give him 100 kg of soya bean, either you grow it or give it from
- 6. Activities of ITBs.. • Reduction in obstacles for movement of persons, services & capital. • Application of programs in order to co- ordinate the economic policies. • Reduction in custom duties, quantitative restrictions with regard to exports & imports. • Establishments of common commercial policies.
- 7. Some major ITBs… • European Union (EU) • Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) • African Union (AU) • Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) • Central American Integration System (SICA) • Arab League (AL) • European Free Trade Association (EFTA) • Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) • South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
- 10. Details about some major ITBs.. SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation) HQ- Kathmandu, Nepal. Members- INDIA, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri-Lanka, Bangladesh.
- 11. Details about some major ITBs.. BRICS Co-operation. HQ- NOT ANY. Members- Brazil, Russia, INDIA, China, South-Africa.
- 12. Details about some major ITBs.. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Established on August 8, 1967, in Bangkok/Thailand. Member States: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,
- 13. Details about some major ITBs.. European Union (EU) Founded in 1951 by six neighbouring states as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). Over time evolved into the European Economic Community, then the European Community and, in 1992, was finally transformed into the European Union. HQ- Brussels, Belgium. Regional bloc with the largest number of members states (28). These include Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
- 14. Details about some major ITBs.. NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement) It is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral rules- based trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada.
- 15. Trade analysis of India- SAARC
- 16. Details about some major ITBs..
- 17. What if there are no TBs.. • Things and living standard would be changed and will become expensive. There are some limitations in trading world wide like customs, stamps, other taxes which bounds the world trade and traders. Trade blocs help the traders to freely perform transactions and do business with some relaxations. No trade blocs… No easiness…… • IT’S SIMPLE…
- 18. QnA Session..