Lecture on international logistics - role of the IMF, UN, World Bank and other associated non-profit organizations in facilitating international business; the forces and factors impacting int'l business and the staffing challenges.
Increasing Washington's International Competitiveness - Seattle Propeller ClubSeattle Propeller Club
The Role of WCIT is to engage the business community and others in actively supporting policy changes that increase Washington’s international economic competitiveness.
Why Exports Matter because $64 billion in 2011 from commodities (Supports at least 1 in 4 jobs in WA) WA ports handle 7% of U.S exports & WA is the 5th largest commodity exporting state (behind Texas, California, Florida and New York)
Increasing Washington's International Competitiveness - Seattle Propeller ClubSeattle Propeller Club
The Role of WCIT is to engage the business community and others in actively supporting policy changes that increase Washington’s international economic competitiveness.
Why Exports Matter because $64 billion in 2011 from commodities (Supports at least 1 in 4 jobs in WA) WA ports handle 7% of U.S exports & WA is the 5th largest commodity exporting state (behind Texas, California, Florida and New York)
The presentation was creating for sharing the paper in this regard that has been posted at http://muhammad_mukhtar_alam.tigblog.org with a call for taking up joint action through reviewing monotheistic/Islamic framework for transforming finance system.
international business
,
what is culture
,
values andnorms
,
culture
,
society
,
and the nation-state
,
hofstede’s cultural dimensions in dubai
,
spoken language
,
individuals and groups
,
cultural dimensions in germany
,
cultural dimensions in china
,
cultural dimensions in india
,
cultural dimensions in england
,
social structure
,
religious and ethical systems
,
islam
,
implications for managers
The presentation was creating for sharing the paper in this regard that has been posted at http://muhammad_mukhtar_alam.tigblog.org with a call for taking up joint action through reviewing monotheistic/Islamic framework for transforming finance system.
international business
,
what is culture
,
values andnorms
,
culture
,
society
,
and the nation-state
,
hofstede’s cultural dimensions in dubai
,
spoken language
,
individuals and groups
,
cultural dimensions in germany
,
cultural dimensions in china
,
cultural dimensions in india
,
cultural dimensions in england
,
social structure
,
religious and ethical systems
,
islam
,
implications for managers
International Marketing Environment/trade barriers/ regional blocks/country r...viveksangwan007
Punjab technical university-syllabus of MBA 907, international marketing unit 2, ch.1 International Marketing Environmen, country risk analysis ch.2 trade barriers ch.3 regional blocks
The Global
Economic
Environment
1
Interesting The Guardian story about Italy that combines Culture (population) + Political (govt business subsidies) + Economic environments
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/11/underpopulated-italian-region-molise
Global Economic Environment
1 of 2
International Trade Theory
firms expanding internationally must appreciate how their international activities match with a country’s goals for international trade
Balance of Payments
a leading indicator of the international economic health of a country and may directly influence a firm’s expansion decisions https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/balance-of-trade
Government Policy and Trade
firms are directly impacted by government policies in areas such as tariffs and non-tariff barriers
3
Global Economic Environment
2 of 2
Institutions in the World Economy
institutions such as the World Trade Organization and the World Bank greatly influence trade policies, and ultimately can influence a firm’s global strategy
Regional Economic Integration
firms generally benefit from economic integration through lower costs of doing business. However it can also lead to stronger competitors
4
International Trade Theory
Why do nations trade?
Key international trade theories:
Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage
Product Life Cycle – Trade patterns and production over time
5
Comparative Advantage
“Different countries have dissimilar prices and costs on goods because different goods require a different mix of factors in their production and because countries differ in their supply of these factors.” (Ohlin)
e.g., Can you grow salmon in Texas?
6
Product Life Cycle
Four Phases of the Product Life Cycle:
Phase 1: the U.S. exports the product
Phase 2: foreign production starts
Phase 3: foreign production becomes competitive in export markets
Phase 4: import competition begins
The Product Life Cycle may not explain trade and production patterns as well anymore due to:
Short gap between phases
“Born globals” may skip some phases
7
Product Life Cycle
1 of 3
Developed Nation (strong economy)
Produces more than consumes at the beginning, then a switch
8
Product Life Cycle
2 of 3
Emerging Nation
Consumes more than produces at the beginning, then a switch
9
The Consumer PLC
Extending a Product in Other Markets
Balance of Payments 1 of 2
The Balance of Payments (BOP) is a summary of a country's economic transactions w/the world, for a specified period of time.
Current Account
Goods (Merchandise)
Services
Unilateral Transfers
http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/glance.htm
http://tse.export.gov/TSE/
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/forex/indian-rupee-hits-an-all-time-low-of-72-69-versus-us-dollar/videoshow/65769296.cms
11
U.S. Imports
vs. Exports
https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/balance-of-trade
Financial considerations
Reflects a country’s solvency/economic health
Steady loss of foreign exch.
Volume 2, 2009 International Journal on Governmental Financial Management
The State of Budget Transparency Worldwide, Vivek Ramkumar
International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board Review the Cash Basis IPSAS: An Opportunity to Influence Developments, Paul Sutcliffe
The Cash Basis IPSAS – An Alternative View, Michael Parry and Andy Wynne
Using Periodic Audits to Prevent Catastrophic Project Failure Paul Dorsey
Framework for Evaluating Internal Controls over Financial Reporting in Sovereign Governments, Jawahar Thakur and Nalin Kumar Srivastava
Short-Comings of Government Financial Management: A Generational Accounting Critique, Liyan Tang and Paul J M Klumpes
Investigating the Governmental Accounting Reform of Greek National Health System: Some Preliminary Evidence, Filippos Stamatiadis
Nigeria’s Economic Competitiveness in the African Context, John C Anyanwu and Andrew E O Erhijakpor
One of the best ways to learn a concept is to teach a concept, and i.docxcarlibradley31429
One of the best ways to learn a concept is to teach a concept, and in this assignment it will be necessary for the learner to understand and explain the concepts from
Modules 1
and
2
in a 7–10-slide PowerPoint presentation. The Internet will be a great resource for completing this assignment because the learner can use keyword phrases to pull the specifics needed to cover the topics and complete the assignment.
You have been asked to create a PowerPoint presentation to train a group of new employees for Future Trends Financial Firm on key concepts of emerging markets. Include the following in your presentation:
Identify and explain key concepts of emerging technologies, highlighting their use and availability for emerging and developed markets.
Define and describe common industry concepts including: institutional voids, business groups, technological capabilities, changing income distribution, and bottom of the pyramid. Please be sure that the correlation between concepts and various markets is appropriate.
Develop a 7–10-slide presentation in PowerPoint format, utilizing at least two scholarly sources. Apply APA standards to the citation of sources.
Make sure you write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Information from Module 1:
In
Module 1
, you will begin your journey into understanding the concept of EMs. This module’s discussion question and assignment are both designed to help in building the foundation knowledge of understanding EMs.
What is an EM? According to Investopedia (n.d.), an EM is, “A nation's economy that is progressing toward becoming advanced, as shown by some liquidity in local debt and equity markets and the existence of some form of market exchange and regulatory body” (para. 1).
EMs surfaced in the 1970s as
less developed economies
. Countries that are considered EMs possess certain distinguishing traits. Some of the common traits are:
Demanding culture
High rates of immigration
Fragmented market
Growing youthful population
Investors are shifting their investments to EMs because of their potential long-term growth rate (Johnston, 2011). One of the main reasons EMs are rapidly growing is due to the countries' visible economic advancements. According to EPFR Global, a fund tracking company, investors invested more than $50 billion into EMs in 2012 (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2013).
Investopedia. (n.d.).
Emerging market economy
. Retrieved from
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergingmarketeconomy.asp
Johnston, M. (2011, November 23).
5 factors to consider in choosing an emerging markets ETF
. Retrieved from
http://seekingalpha.com/article/309867-5-factors-to-consider-in-choosing-an-emerging-markets-etf
Bloomberg Businessweek. (2013, January 31).
The top 20 emerging markets
. Retrieved from
http://images.businessweek.com/slideshows/2013-01-31/the-top-20-emergi.
There is a new Aid paradigm shift that emerged on the verge of the 20th century. Donor agencies are now grappled with the issue of poverty reduction. The core subject of growth, sustainable development, governance and social progress informs the very agenda of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) mirrors the desires of the donor society to attain extreme poverty reduction by 2015. Check with academiceagles.com for a comprehensive report
Why must purely domestic firms be concerned about the international environme...Rohitt201262
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Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
• Lecture
• Minimum of 1 library resource for initial post
Introduction
Many of the world’s leading companies are multinational corporations with operations scattered throughout the world so it makes sense for them to be concerned about the international environment.
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Similar to International Logistics - Facilitating International Business (20)
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
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3. International Monetary System Impossible Triangle how exchange rates, balance of payments and macroeconomic management are managed and adjusted globally system is necessary to define a common standard of value for the world's currencies exchange-rate stability free movement of capital independentmonetary policies only two can be chosen
4. International Monetary Fund (IMF) promoting international monetary cooperation facilitating the expansion and balanced growth of international trade promoting exchange stability assisting in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments making its resources available (under adequate safeguards) to members experiencing balance of payments difficulties 185 member countries
5. IMF criticism – East Asian nations IMF accused of turning the 1997 Asian financial situation into a crisis – in Indonesia, they closed the bank owned by the president’s brother Can’t trust the president’s brother? Who can you trust? Collapsed the banking system US gov’t bailing out AIG and Citigroup is contrary to the IMF approach If country wants to borrow >20% of it’s quota, it has to follow IMF conditions
7. The World Bank makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty made up of two unique development institutions owned by member countries—the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA) must be member of the IMF Source: web.worldbank.org
8. United Nations 192 members “…keep peace throughout the world …develop friendly relations between nations …work together to help people live better lives, eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, environmental destruction and encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms …be a centre for helping nations achieve these aims” Source: un.org
10. NGOs Nongovernmental, nonprofit voluntary organizations private institutions independent of the government international or regional Doctors without Borders Red Cross
11. International Logistics When introducing the X-Box gaming console, Microsoft had to decide if it should manufacture the console or outsource manufacturing to a 3rd party Microsoft primarily creates software and lacked the manufacturing capabilities to make the X-Box Microsoft decided to outsource production to Flextronics… Flextronics had been pursuing an industrial park strategy so that it could control its supply chain Flextronics had a global presence Flextronics could use Web-based information systems to share information with Microsoft Microsoft trusted Flextronics Source: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
12. The Impact of International Logistics Total Landed Cost Logistical Costs In North America, logistical costs are 10% to 30% of the total landed cost of an international order. Would you expect this to be the same in Asia? Europe? Explain.
13. A reduction is supply cost directly increases gross profit Profit $0.10 Profit $0.13 Overhead Overhead $0.15 $0.15 Labour Labour $0.15 $0.15 Inputsupplies Inputsupplies $0.30 $0.30 Logistics Logistics $0.30 $0.27 $0.30 Make more money without increasing sales!
14. Factors Necessary for the Use of Logistics as a Competitive Tool Close collaboration with suppliers and customers to develop a JIT system - maintain manufacturing cost at globally competitive rates. Technologically advanced information processing and communication exchange capabilities. An integrated business infrastructure.
15. New Dimensions of International Logistics Basic differences between domestic and international distance variation entry regulations different transportation modes
16. New Dimensions of International Logistics Country-specific differences Transportation systems and intermediaries vary. Reliability of carriers may be different. Computation of freight rates may be different.
17. Competing Forces that can Impact International Business Global Market Forces Integrated, Synchronized Supply Chain. TechnologicalForces Economic Forces Global Cost Forces
19. Physical/Environmental Will the current world political environment force changes to how business is conducted? How will consumers, suppliers, manufacturers/producers be linked in future?
20. Sociocultural Do you understand the cultural make-up of the country in which you seek to operate in? How are business relationships formed in different countries? Is it the same everywhere? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m4TvwE_CSHI
21. Sociocultural – other factors to consider business protocols social & business customs language factors
22. Political Are you aware of the politics and their implications in any of the nations in which you intend to have a presence? Iranian traders in Dubai are affected by Bush urging Gulf allies to “confront” Iran (see notes) Source: wikinews.org
23. Political To be successful, one must have appropriate knowledge and involvement in the political, media, and industry leadership of the country or regions of operations. How can political issues impact global logistics? Source: moonbattery.com
IBRD – focuses on middle income and creditworthy poor countriesIDA – focuses on the poorest countries of the worldHeadquarters in Washington DC with 100+ country offices and >10,000 employeesEstablished during WWII at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire – initially helped rebuild Europe after the war. Loaned $250 million to France in 1947 for post-war reconstruction.
Started out as the League of Nations after WWI – 42 countries wanted to preserve peace/defend other members from aggression – promotion international cooperation in economic and social affairsUN - started on October 24th1945 (after WWII) recognizing that the League of Nations failed because they had no military power and members were not willing to use sanctions– originally 51 member statesHeadquartered in New York City but the land and buildings are international territory (own flag, own post office, own postage stamps)6 official languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish)
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