Pakistan faces many internal and external security challenges. Internally, it struggles with religious sectarianism, ethnic tensions, large refugee populations, terrorism, crime, poverty, water distribution conflicts, and inter-provincial disagreements. Externally, its main security threats come from India and Afghanistan. India remains a persistent military threat due to their disputes over Kashmir and other border issues. Developments in Afghanistan also pose security risks as the country's instability could spill over the border into Pakistan.

1. Security Challenges Of
Pakistan :-

2. Defining “Security”
The quality or state of being secure: suchas
•Freedom from threats
•Freedom from danger :SAFETY
•Freedom from fear or anxiety
• something that is secure or make its safe:
protection; defence
•

3. National security:-
• National security is a state or condition where our most cherished valuesand
beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our
unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently
protected and continuously enhanced.
• Our national security environment is infused with different important
dimensions. Internal threats to our national security make up the first
dimension. The growing uncertainties that lie in the regional and global
milieu make up the second dimension of our national security environment,
even as threat of external aggression against our country remains in the
remote horizon. No doubt for century’s national security has been the basic
and paramount concern of the nation states.

4. Internal Security Threats To
Pakistan

5. Introduction:
• Pakistan, ‘land of the pure’ was created as a separate
homeland for the Muslims. Since coming into
existence as an independent state, Pakistan is facing
internal and external threats. The challenges of threats
faced are, old as well as new.

6. Challenges to Pakistan’s Internal
Security:-
•Religious/Sectarianism
•Ethnic
•Refugees
•Terrorism
•Crime
•Poverty/Population
•Inter-provincial disharmony
•Water distribution

7. Religious:
• Religious identity formed the genesis of the struggle for
Pakistan, which in 1947 emerges as the most populous
Muslim state.
Sectarianism:
• Pakistan was faced less with the menace of sectarian
threats, as the only party which existed in the earlier days
was the Jamaat-i-Islami led by Syed Abul Alla Moudidi.

8. Ethnic:
• Another danger is the problem of ethnic unrest. Punjab,
with almost 60 percent of the population, dominates
almost all aspects of national life. Smaller ethnic groups,
all of who have at one time been actively dissident,
resent this fact.
Refugees:
• Another cause for concern was the involvement of
the refugees in drug trafficking. They had free
access to drugs like heroin that they smuggled
through the porous borders into Pakistan. This made
all these drugs easily accessible to the local society,
which, resulted in increase of drug addiction.

9. Poverty/Population:
• At the present the economic position of the
country is not all that optimistic. With the
proposed growth rate, the problems of
meeting the basic needs of the citizens will
be difficult. The average person living well
below the poverty line will be further drawn
into the turbulence of economic deprivation
and embedded further deep into poverty.

10. Terrorism:
• It basically exists in two forms in Pakistan. The religious
extremist groups, which have been outlawed and have been
involved in sectarian killings or violence fall in this category,
whose prime target is not foreign commercial targets but
grudges against the government and the second one is
supported by external sponsorship.
•Internally Pakistan should deal with curbing sectarianism as
that is posing a lot of terrorist threats to the security. With
emphasis on controlling internal threats of terrorism, externalthe
threats should also not be ignored as they act as feeders to the
internal threats.

11. Introduction:
• A crime is wrongful conduct defined by law as being punishable by
imprisonment, a fine, or other penalty and an unlawful act punishableby
a state.
•Crimes In Pakistan

12. Types Of Crimes:
There are many different types of crimes which are
following:
• Crimes Against Persons
• Crimes Against Morality
• Organized Crime

13. 1.Crimes Against Persons:
• Crimes against persons, also called personal crimes, personal
include murder, aggravated assault, rape, and robbery.
2.Crimes Against Morality:
•Crimes against morality are also called victimless crimes, because there is
not any complainant, or victim. Prostitution, illegal gambling, and illegal drug
use are all examples of victimless crimes.
3.Organized Crimes:
• Organized crime is crime committed by structured groups typically
involving the distribution of illegal goods and services to others. Many
people think of the Mafia when they think of organized crime, but the term
can refer to any group that exercises control over large illegal enterprises
(such as the drug trade, illegal gambling, prostitution, weapons smuggling,
or money laundering).

14. Causes Of Crime In Pakistan:
Leading causes of crime in Pakistan are following:
 Major causes of crimes are illiteracy and
unemployment.
 Lawlessness, fundamentalism, backwardness and
double standards prevailing in the society of
crime.
 In the lesser civilized areas the people of
Pakistan's are suffering from extreme depths of
poverty ,which is the foremost reason of crime.
 Frustration and aggression in our youth due to
less security and safety for their future.
 Contravene of rules and lack of judiciary also
gives birth to crime.

15. • Balochistan situation aside, there are other issues which make the inter-
provincial and federal-provincial irritants another major challenge to reckon
• The issue of the centre-province relationship has always been one of the
most intractable questions of Pakistan politics
• Pakistan’s smaller provinces resent political exclusion and are unhappy with
the inadequate sharing of power and resources within the Country because
of varying size, population, development and revenue generation capacityof
the provinces

16. Provincial Autonomy
• The powers of the provinces may look impressive when one confines
oneself to the distribution of legislative powers, but when one examinesthe
administrative and financial aspects of the federal versus provincial
authorities; dominance of the former is clearly manifested.
• There has always been an argument that more autonomy to provinces would
be injurious to Pakistan’s integrity and unity, but in fact, the question of
centre-province relations has been masking the imperative for the rulingélite
to keep a restive Pakistan together.
Sindhi Nationalism
A deep seated antagonism against Punjabis and Mohajirs. In fact Sindh
stands polarized between Sindhis and Mohajirs. Sindhis control therural
areas and smaller towns, while Mohajirs are predominant in the urban
centers

17. Water Distribution
• According to Indus Water Basin Treaty of 1960. Punjab was deprived
of three out of its five rivers. The Treaty, however, stipulates thatRiver
Indus Water would be equitably distributed among theprovinces
• The present share of water is 40% each for Punjab and Sindh; 11%for
NWFP and 9% forBalochistan
• With the passage of time none of the provinces is satisfied with its
present share, each province wants enhancement of its share

18. Dam Controversy
• A project of national importance, KBD (Kala Bagh Dam) hasbecome
controversial in Pakistani politics.
• Given the opposition to KBD, the government has wisely backed down
on the project in favour of Bhasha Dam for the sake of national
integration.
• All the issues have been technically negated by the experts, however,
petty vested political interests have disallowed consensus on thisproject
of national importance. Political will has always been found lacking to
move forward on the project

19. External Security Threats
To Pakistan

20. Introduction:
• Security implies the absence of real or perceived threats whether originating
from internal turmoil, external sources, economic disparities and
inequalities.
• To effectively deal with such threats, nations not only seek power
(economic, political, and military) and take adequate measures either toward
them off or to minimize their perceived adverse impact, but efforts are also
directed to acquire more and more power as well as efforts are also made
simultaneously to inculcate a sense of security among the citizens.
• The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, once said
“The weak and defenseless, in this imperfect world, invite aggression from
others.”

21. External Security:
• Pakistan has been facing external threats to its independence
and territorial integrity right from its birth.
• Sandwiched between India and Afghanistan, Pakistan’s
security perceptions have been largely influenced by its state of
relationships with India and Afghanistan. More specifically, the
single largest source of security challenges has been with India.
• Pakistan is confronted with a three-threatscenario—
 The perennial threat from India,
 The threat fromAfghanistan,
 The threat emanating from a changing domestic situation. Threats from
India and Afghanistan make a formidable task for Pakistani security
planners. The developments following 9/11 have further complicatedthe
situation.

22. Threats From India.
• Since partition, the state of Kashmir, Siachin, Sir Creek, and
water related issues are also taking a huge chunk of
antagonism between the two countries. Although the processof
Indo-Pak normalization was initiated in 2004, and for four
years meetings of various agreed baskets were regularly held,
the Mumbai incident abruptly halted the process. The long
delays in resuming the useful dialogue adversely impacted the
process of desired neighborly normalcy. However, the dialogue
has been recently resumed. It is the earnest hope of many South
Asians that recently resumed dialogue would maintain a desired
level of consistency.

23. • Since Independence, India has proved to have been bitter enemyof
Pakistan
• This phenomenon is crystal clear to every Pakistan that Indiais
of Pakistan and even wants to remove her very existenceform
the map of the world
• Our nation has always got , whenever India aggressed against
Pakistan

24. Security Threats FromAfghanistan:
• The second major source of external threat emanates from the current
developments inAfghanistan. The threat fromAfghanistan did not acquire
alarming proportion until the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in December
1979. Since then, Pakistan Afghanistan relations have experienced many
vicissitudes.
• Post 9/11 developments further complicated the situation. There is nodoubt
that people of both Pakistan and Afghanistan have great regard for each
other, but the policies are made by the ruling groups. The powerfulelements
within the incumbent Karazai cabinet are not just known to be extremely
sympathetic to Pakistan’s eastern neighbor, but appear to take some kind of
pleasure in making Pakistan uncomfortable.

25. • It is true in strategic terms that in view of Afghanistan’s internalproblems
(including the ongoing civil war) and the relative military inferiority,it
cannot pose a serious threat to Pakistan’s security. But the danger of possible
fallout from Afghanistan’s political instability into the neighboring provinces
of Pakistan cannot be overlooked.
• The provinces of Kyber-Paktoonkhawa, FATA(Federally Administered
Tribal Areas), and Baluchistan are extremely prone to such an eventuality,
primarily because of the existence of dissident elements. During his recent
confirmation hearings for Secretary of Defense, Senator Chuck Hagel
remarked that India has over the years financed problems for Pakistan from
Afghanistan.

26. • Six issues have been impacting Pakistan-Afghanistan relations rather
consistently since the emergence of Pakistan as an independent country, and
each of them has taken some toll on the Pak-Afghan reservoir of goodwill.
These issues include unbridled rumors regarding the Taliban’s linkages with
Pakistan and their periodic adventurism, the status of the Durand Line, Indo-
Afghan relations, the landlocked nature of Afghanistan, the presence of
foreign forces (including American and NATO forces), and the undesired
critical speeches of the Afghan leaders unnecessarily vilifying Pakistan.
Each of these issues has been periodically making adverse contributions.

27. 9/11 Incident:
• Soon after the tragic events of 9/11, theAmericans invadedAfghanistan and
further messed up the already chaotic and complicated situation in
Afghanistan.
• If the Afghan mess is to be sorted out, then both the Afghan and Americans
need to do much more then what they have done so far. The Afghans needto
check and minimize corruption if they are unable to eliminate it altogether to
reduce fairly heavy dependency upon the drug barons, transform its drug
based economy, accelerate work on the developmental projects which could
improve the job situation, introduce and undertake effective measures in
order to improve law and order situation, improve techniques of police
training, initiate and embark upon political approaches, expand and
accelerate the training program for its army, avoid undiplomatic and
irresponsible speeches and statements, and cooperate with Pakistan in order
to jointly work towards the attainment of peace and stability in Afghanistan
etc.

28. 9/11 Incident:
• But as long as Pakistan is not focusing on its internal threats hard enough,
eliminating the external threats will not resolve the security challenges the
country faces. While Pakistan still has a good number of peace lovingcitizens
residing in it, the increasing number of extremists in mainstream Pakistani
society is a source of concern.
• While Pakistan does not face an imminent threat to its existence from
(increasing) extremism, it definitely is a worrying trend. If militants/terrorists
are the fuel that drives a machine, extremists are the machine themselves. Fuel
eventually runs out with time (as the state of war is not perennial), but the
machine does not. As long as machine is still there, it only needs some
'ignition' to be operational again. Extremism revitalizes militancy. The Pakistan
military is pounding the militants hard in their strongholds, but the LEAs &the
courts are doing far less to tackle the extremists (potential to-be-militants) in
the rest of the country.

29. The future threats for Pakistan:
•Direct military attacks and intervention into Pakistan to provoke a
confrontation between Pak army and Afghanistan based NATO forces.This
has also begun. Drones, Salala attack and now threats of attacks in North
Waziristan.
•US wants Pakistan to open war with Afghan Taliban also. Pakistanalready
has its hands full in internal insurgencies and hence is resisting the US
pressure. While US is talking peace with Afghan Taliban and their allies,
Pakistan is being forced to wage a war against Haqqani, Hekmatyar and
Mullah Umer.
•Direct attacks on Pakistan army leadership and on all strategic assets to
decapitate Pakistan in a single strike and then launch a massive two prong
invasion under Af-pak and Coldstart.

30. Conclusion:
• Pakistan is having security challenges from regional, sub-regional entities and even
across regional players i.e. India, Afghanistan, Iran, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
(ISIS) and the US. The turning point in the internal and external security threat was
propelled by the event of 9/11, in which Pakistan was asked either to be ‘us’ or with
‘the terrorists’ and thus Pakistan became an ally of the US in her war against
terrorism. This major shift in our foreign policy made friends opponents and turns the
table on Pakistan. Now Pakistan is a security deficit state. And now as the US is
planning to partially withdraw its forces from Afghanistan at the end of 2014 which is
biggest challenge for Pakistan’s security because the US’s presence in Afghanistan is
interconnected with the stability and national security of Pakistan.
• Furthermore, India, a neighboring country with who we are always in a state of war
and enduring rivalry since the inception of Pakistan as its inception was not accepted
by them whole heartedly. The reason of this enduring rivalry is also seeded in the
unresolved issue of Kashmir which is the mother of all problems. Similarly the
asymmetry in power capabilities, the Indian hegemonic designs and the persisting
sense of insecurity also add fuel to fire and in making the relation cool and dry and
the irresolution of different issues between these two.