Inter-process communication (IPC) facilitates the exchange of information between multiple processes in an operating system, essential for event notification and data transfer. Synchronization, crucial for IPC, ensures correct data access and order using mechanisms like mutual exclusion, semaphores, barriers, and spinlocks. IPC is vital for enhancing modularity, computation efficiency, and enabling communication and synchronization within the operating system.

1. INTER-PROCESS
COMMUNICATION

2. What is Inter-process Communication in
OS?
• Inter-processor communication is used for interchanging useful
information among various regions in one or more processes
(or programs).
• This communication could involve letting another process know
that some event has occurred or the transferring of data from
one process to another.
Inter-process communication
PROCESS 1 PROCESS 2

3. Synchronization in Inter Processor
Communication
• Synchronization is an essential part of inter-process
communication. It refers to a case where the data used to
communicate between processors is control information. It is
either given by the inter-process control mechanism or handled
by the communicating processes.
• It is required to maintain the correct sequence of processes and
to make sure equal access to shared writable data.

4. • Multiprocessor systems have various mechanisms for the
synchronization of resources. Below are some methods to
provide synchronization are as follows −
1.Mutual Exclusion :Mutual exclusion requires that only one
process thread can enter the critical section at a time.
• Semaphore : A semaphore is a variable that controls the access to a
common resource by multiple processes.
1.Barrier: A barrier does not allow individual processes to proceed
until all the processes reach it.
2.Spinlock: : This is a type of lock. The processes trying to acquire
this lock wait in a loop while checking if the lock is available or not.

5. Approaches for Inter Process Communication
in OS

10. Why Inter-Process Communication (IPC) is
Required?
There are various reasons to use inter-process communication
for sharing the data. Here are some of the most important
reasons that show the importance of inter-process
communication:
• It helps in speeding up modularity
• It is computational.
• It gives the privilege of separation as well as connection.
• Convenience
• It allows the operating system to communicate and synchronize
its actions.

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