The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. It serves several protective functions including preventing water loss, regulating temperature and metabolism, and providing immune defense. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis contains melanin which determines skin color and the dermis contains connective tissue. Accessory organs of the skin include nails, hair, and exocrine glands. Common skin disorders include acne, burns, and various types of skin cancer like basal cell carcinoma and melanoma.

1. Integumentary SystemShanna Visarraga and Lacey Branch

2. Structure of the Integumentary

3. FunctionsProtectPrevent water lossTemperature regulationMetabolic regulationImmune defenseSensory receptorExcretion by means of secretion

4. EpidermisSkin colorHemoglobin, melanin, caroteneThick skinPalms of hands, soles of feetThin skinMost of the bodyFingerprints

5. DermisPapillary layerDermal papillaeEpidermal ridgesReticular layer“Network”Stretch marks, wrinkles, and lines of cleavage

6. SubcutaneousNot considered part of the integumentaryComposed of areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

7. Accessory Organs: NailsNails

8. Nail DisordersOnychomycosisFungal infectionTreatment: oral fungal medicationYellow Nail SyndromeNail growth thickens and stopsOften a sign of respiratory disease

9. Nail DisordersSpoon nailNails are concave instead of convexOften a sign of iron deficiencyBeau’s lines

10. Run horizontally across nail

11. Can be sign of chronic malnutritionAccessory Organs: HairHairLanugoVellusTerminal hair

12. Functions of HairProtectionHeat retentionFacial expressionSensory receptionVisual identificationChemical signal dispursal

13. Exocrine glands of the skinSweat glandsMerocrineThermoregulation, secretion, and protectionApocrineSecretes into hair follicles

14. Exocrine glands of the skinSebaceousSebumOily, waxy secretion

15. BurnsFirst DegreeRedness, pain, slight edemaSecond DegreeRed, blistered, painfulThird DegreeSkin loss and grafting

16. Skin CancerBasal cell carcinomaMost commonLeast dangerousUsually on faceAppearance is small, shiny, and enlarges with pearly edgeTreatment: surgical removal

17. Skin CancerSquamous cell carcinomaAppears on scalp, ears, lower lip, or back of handRed, scaly, and elevated edgesSurgical removalNote: May metastasize to other parts of bodySkin CancerMalignant melanomaMost deadlyUnusual changes in moleSurgical removalAsymmetryBorderColorDiameter

18. AcneComedoOpen comedo is called a “black head”Closed is called a “white head”PapuleDome-shapedMixture of white blood cells, dead cell, and bacteria

19. AcneNoduleSimilar to papuleExtends into deeper layers of skinWill cause scarringCyst

20. Fluid filled