It deals about Integration ladder: Geospatial information system operations, tools and covid-19 disease track and vaccine track worldwide, mapping system
Education for people and planet: Creating sustainable futures for allBoston Global Forum
Towards the development of an
international module for assessing
learning in Global Citizenship Education
(GCE) and Education for Sustainable
Development (ESD):
A critical review of current measurement
strategies
Collaborative approach to competency based curriculumBCRP
The authors describe a seven-step consensus development process used to create the two most recent editions of the Academic Pediatric Association's (APA's) educational guidelines for pediatric residency in 1996 and 2004. The guidelines were designed as flexible tools to help residency programs meet changing accreditation requirements by providing lists of goals and objectives and evaluation tools. The seven steps included: (1) centralized leadership and coordinated authorship, (2) assessing user needs, (3) incorporating up-to-date information, (4) consultation on accreditation requirements, (5) wide prepublication review, (6) intensive dissemination and training, and (7) evaluation and feedback. Both editions have been widely used by resid
The document discusses frameworks and recommendations for advancing interprofessional education and collaborative practice. It proposes adopting a common language for key terms. It advocates for educating health professionals in collaborative patient-centered care and supporting collaborative practice models that improve outcomes. The document recommends exploring policy initiatives, using change management strategies, addressing diversity issues, and building upon current initiatives to facilitate the development and implementation of interprofessional education and collaborative patient-centered practice.
Evaluation of Focus Groups Attitudes and Perspectives Towards Palestinian Env...Marwan Haddad
This document summarizes the findings of focus groups on attitudes towards Palestinian environmental higher education programs. It found that:
1) Students, alumni, teachers, and stakeholders all agreed reforms are needed and programs have poor relevance, with weak skills development and few extracurricular activities.
2) Six key barriers to reform were identified: lack of expert involvement, poor program quality, weak teaching tools and capacities, insufficient support, poor communication between groups, and students' multidisciplinary nature.
3) Comprehensive and holistic reforms are needed to address the interrelated barriers to improving environmental higher education in Palestine.
This document outlines the development of teaching materials for the Geodesy Tools for Societal Issues (GETSI) project. It discusses:
1. The goals of developing materials to teach geoscience literacy and quantitative skills through the application of geodesy data to societal issues like climate change and natural hazards.
2. The process of aligning these materials with established frameworks for geoscience literacy, developing learning goals and objectives, designing assessments, and testing the materials through classroom pilots and revisions.
3. The collaboration between GETSI and the Interdisciplinary Teaching of Geoscience consortium to develop open educational resources using their proven model for transforming undergraduate geoscience education.
Abstract
- Curriculum is a crucial component of
any educational process. Curriculum development
and instructional management serve as effective tools
for meeting the present and future needs of the local
and national communities. In trying to strengthen
the quality assurance system in Philippine higher
education, institutions of higher learning were
mandated to upgrade higher education curricular
offerings to international standards. Anchored on
the PMI framework, data were gathered through in-
depth review of documents, interviews with program
coordinators and on-site observation in selected schools
offering Medical Technology program in U.S.A.,
Australia, Singapore, Japan, Thailand and Canada.
The benchmarking results showed that there were
major “plus” and “interesting” points that can be used
as guide in the innovation of the existing Philippine
Medical Technology program and can become the
basis of enabling implementation activities: reform
and improve curriculum structure, content, teaching-
learning strategies and employ competency-based
assessment process.
Using ePortfolio to Foster Interdisciplinary Thinking and Effective Pedagogic...Premier Publishers
This work describes a project using ePortfolio as a medium to facilitate effective pedagogical strategies in the context of a group-based research paper assignment spanning class boundaries. Small groups of students were required to complete a scaffolded, semester-long project culminating in a group research paper based on some topic of relevance to the fields of biology and chemistry. Each group consisted of students from a chemistry class and a biology class. Our aim was to enhance student understanding of scientific concepts, while exercising critical thinking, writing, and reflective skills in an interdisciplinary context using ePortfolio as the medium for work and feedback. We describe the nature and development of the assignment, its implementation and challenges encountered in the process of developing and refining the project. This work was implemented with two cohorts of students. The first attempt revealed a series of shortcomings centering around lack of student interactions and unresponsive group members. These issues were largely alleviated in the second implementation. Our basic framework can be adapted by educators in any discipline seeking to implement multiple pedagogical approaches simultaneously through using ePortfolio. Our experience suggests that the pedagogical strategies we utilized can be successful given adequate instructor engagement and feedback.
This document summarizes the work of the InTeGrate project, a 5-year NSF-funded effort to improve Earth science literacy across undergraduate curricula. The project develops open educational resources that engage students in societally relevant issues using rigorous science. Materials are designed collaboratively with guidance from a rubric addressing learning goals, assessments, resources and alignment. The supporting website provides access to curricular materials that connect Earth processes to human impacts, shift from causes to consequences, and practice decision-making. The goal is to position students to make sustainable decisions through interdisciplinary learning about resource and environmental challenges.
Education for people and planet: Creating sustainable futures for allBoston Global Forum
Towards the development of an
international module for assessing
learning in Global Citizenship Education
(GCE) and Education for Sustainable
Development (ESD):
A critical review of current measurement
strategies
Collaborative approach to competency based curriculumBCRP
The authors describe a seven-step consensus development process used to create the two most recent editions of the Academic Pediatric Association's (APA's) educational guidelines for pediatric residency in 1996 and 2004. The guidelines were designed as flexible tools to help residency programs meet changing accreditation requirements by providing lists of goals and objectives and evaluation tools. The seven steps included: (1) centralized leadership and coordinated authorship, (2) assessing user needs, (3) incorporating up-to-date information, (4) consultation on accreditation requirements, (5) wide prepublication review, (6) intensive dissemination and training, and (7) evaluation and feedback. Both editions have been widely used by resid
The document discusses frameworks and recommendations for advancing interprofessional education and collaborative practice. It proposes adopting a common language for key terms. It advocates for educating health professionals in collaborative patient-centered care and supporting collaborative practice models that improve outcomes. The document recommends exploring policy initiatives, using change management strategies, addressing diversity issues, and building upon current initiatives to facilitate the development and implementation of interprofessional education and collaborative patient-centered practice.
Evaluation of Focus Groups Attitudes and Perspectives Towards Palestinian Env...Marwan Haddad
This document summarizes the findings of focus groups on attitudes towards Palestinian environmental higher education programs. It found that:
1) Students, alumni, teachers, and stakeholders all agreed reforms are needed and programs have poor relevance, with weak skills development and few extracurricular activities.
2) Six key barriers to reform were identified: lack of expert involvement, poor program quality, weak teaching tools and capacities, insufficient support, poor communication between groups, and students' multidisciplinary nature.
3) Comprehensive and holistic reforms are needed to address the interrelated barriers to improving environmental higher education in Palestine.
This document outlines the development of teaching materials for the Geodesy Tools for Societal Issues (GETSI) project. It discusses:
1. The goals of developing materials to teach geoscience literacy and quantitative skills through the application of geodesy data to societal issues like climate change and natural hazards.
2. The process of aligning these materials with established frameworks for geoscience literacy, developing learning goals and objectives, designing assessments, and testing the materials through classroom pilots and revisions.
3. The collaboration between GETSI and the Interdisciplinary Teaching of Geoscience consortium to develop open educational resources using their proven model for transforming undergraduate geoscience education.
Abstract
- Curriculum is a crucial component of
any educational process. Curriculum development
and instructional management serve as effective tools
for meeting the present and future needs of the local
and national communities. In trying to strengthen
the quality assurance system in Philippine higher
education, institutions of higher learning were
mandated to upgrade higher education curricular
offerings to international standards. Anchored on
the PMI framework, data were gathered through in-
depth review of documents, interviews with program
coordinators and on-site observation in selected schools
offering Medical Technology program in U.S.A.,
Australia, Singapore, Japan, Thailand and Canada.
The benchmarking results showed that there were
major “plus” and “interesting” points that can be used
as guide in the innovation of the existing Philippine
Medical Technology program and can become the
basis of enabling implementation activities: reform
and improve curriculum structure, content, teaching-
learning strategies and employ competency-based
assessment process.
Using ePortfolio to Foster Interdisciplinary Thinking and Effective Pedagogic...Premier Publishers
This work describes a project using ePortfolio as a medium to facilitate effective pedagogical strategies in the context of a group-based research paper assignment spanning class boundaries. Small groups of students were required to complete a scaffolded, semester-long project culminating in a group research paper based on some topic of relevance to the fields of biology and chemistry. Each group consisted of students from a chemistry class and a biology class. Our aim was to enhance student understanding of scientific concepts, while exercising critical thinking, writing, and reflective skills in an interdisciplinary context using ePortfolio as the medium for work and feedback. We describe the nature and development of the assignment, its implementation and challenges encountered in the process of developing and refining the project. This work was implemented with two cohorts of students. The first attempt revealed a series of shortcomings centering around lack of student interactions and unresponsive group members. These issues were largely alleviated in the second implementation. Our basic framework can be adapted by educators in any discipline seeking to implement multiple pedagogical approaches simultaneously through using ePortfolio. Our experience suggests that the pedagogical strategies we utilized can be successful given adequate instructor engagement and feedback.
This document summarizes the work of the InTeGrate project, a 5-year NSF-funded effort to improve Earth science literacy across undergraduate curricula. The project develops open educational resources that engage students in societally relevant issues using rigorous science. Materials are designed collaboratively with guidance from a rubric addressing learning goals, assessments, resources and alignment. The supporting website provides access to curricular materials that connect Earth processes to human impacts, shift from causes to consequences, and practice decision-making. The goal is to position students to make sustainable decisions through interdisciplinary learning about resource and environmental challenges.
Program for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER): A regional training program initiated in 1998 by the U.S. Agency for International Development’s, Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) strengthening disaster response capacities in nine countries in Asia.
The PEER program objectives are:
Community Action for Disaster Response (CADRE): Enhancing community level first responder capacity in disaster–prone communities in PEER’s nine countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, and the Philippines, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam.
Hospital Preparedness for Emergencies (HOPE): Preparing medical facilities and hospitals for multi-hazard, mass casualty disasters in PEER’s nine countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, and the Philippines, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam.
This document summarizes presentations from a sustainability conference featuring case studies from universities in Mexico, the US, and Spain. It discusses how the universities have incorporated sustainability into their operations, curriculum, research, and community outreach. For example, the University of Alcala de Henares in Spain created a Council for Sustainability and integrated sustainability programs, majors and research. San Diego State University has a Center for Regional Sustainability that facilitates collaboration and a sustainability-focused undergraduate program. The conclusion calls for universities to promote sustainability awareness, review their own operations and impact, and integrate the concepts into the curriculum.
OPEN LEARNING: KEY FOUNDATIONS OF PERSONAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTijwscjournal
The concept of open education is one of the concepts that have taken a clear place on the academic map of higher education in many countries of the world. This type of education has become an important resource for universities to overcome many of the material and academic problems. The aim of this study is to analyse the role of open learning as the key foundations of personal learning environment. The interview respondents were nine teachers who are currently working with different open learning programs in Saudi Arabia. The nine teachers were from three different institutes in Saudi Arabia. It was identified through the interviews that the emergence of Open Textbooks, which is part of the broader movement known as Open Learning Resources, can help meet these challenges and improve the quality of the learning process. Higher textbooks for higher education students, especially middle school students, In the beginning of the last decade in the Saudi Arabia, to what is known as the "crisis of the textbook" and tried to solve many solutions to address the problem, such as the rental of the book to the student and the adoption of e-book and others, but the most prominent solutions are effective and impact, the emergence of non-profit organizations in cooperation.
This document outlines the development of teaching materials focused on geoscience literacy and societal issues through the use of geodesy data and tools. It discusses:
- The InTeGrate curriculum model which aims to improve geoscience understanding and build workforce skills through contextualized learning.
- The development of open educational resources covering topics like climate change, natural hazards, and resource issues using quantitative geodesy data and skills.
- Guiding principles for the materials including addressing societal challenges, developing interdisciplinary skills, engaging authentic geodesy methods, and improving quantitative/scientific reasoning abilities.
- A process for designing modules that aligns learning goals, objectives, assessments, resources and instructional strategies to
The document discusses reforms to medical education over the past century. It describes how the Flexner Report in 1908 evaluated medical schools and established standards, leading to reforms that implemented a four-year curriculum with basic and clinical sciences. A century later, another report recommended goals like competency-based learning, interprofessional education, and harnessing technology. The document advocates for a third generation of reforms focusing on systems-based and adaptive learning to improve health systems performance.
This document discusses engaging students in research and inquiry within community and further education institutions that provide higher education (CBHE). It reviews literature on integrating research-based learning and scholarly activity into the curriculum. The document presents strategies for involving students in research, such as having them work on research teams, applied research projects, or student-led journals. It also discusses developing students' research skills progressively throughout their studies. Overall, the document argues that engaging students in research and inquiry can enhance their learning experience and help develop skills needed for their future professions.
This study investigated students' perceptions of effective dimensions of interactive learning in a blended learning course at a university in Turkey. 25 students enrolled in a "Computer Networks and Communication" course participated. Interviews were conducted at the end to understand students' perspectives on dimensions like how instructivist and constructivist elements were blended, need for metacognitive support, authentic learning activities, collaboration, motivation, individualized learning, and internet access. The findings provided insight into designing effective blended learning environments.
Published Resarch article Convergence of Pedagogy and ICTPaul Engles
Project ACTIVate brought together problem-based learning (PBL) and interactive whiteboards (IWBs) in a teaching and learning environment at St Mary's Catholic School. An action research methodology was used involving planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting on lessons that integrated PBL, IWBs, and the school's thinking curriculum. Data from student surveys, teacher observations, and rubrics indicated that the use of IWBs supported PBL and led to positive learning outcomes such as flexible knowledge, effective problem solving, self-directed learning, collaboration skills, and intrinsic motivation among the students. Challenges included coordinating student groups and finding time for reflection, but overall the project demonstrated that combining PBL and I
Sustainability science aims to integrate knowledge from different disciplines to address complex environmental and social problems, in contrast to traditional science which focuses on individual disciplines. It emphasizes co-producing knowledge with stakeholders, addressing real-world problems, and finding holistic solutions through systems thinking. The document discusses challenges with traditional approaches and how sustainability science facilitates more interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research to better understand human-environment interactions.
Perceived benefits and Barriers of Online teaching among nursing facultyLatha Venkatesan
This study assessed the perceived benefits and barriers of online learning among nursing faculty in Tamil Nadu, India during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 2375 faculty found they perceived significant benefits to students, teachers, and both, such as continued education, but also barriers like lack of interpersonal interaction. Benefits were correlated with increased age and experience, while barriers increased slightly with age. Male faculty, and those with higher degrees and positions, perceived more benefits. The findings suggest online learning can be effective with proper planning and support, especially in situations where in-person learning is difficult.
This document summarizes chapters 1-3 of a book on interdisciplinary curriculum design and implementation. It discusses the need for more integrated curriculum to address issues like fragmented schedules and lack of relevance. It defines different types of integration approaches and outlines factors to consider when selecting options. Examples of integration models are provided, from parallel teaching to full residential programs. Designers are advised to consider student and institutional needs to determine the best combination of integrated and discipline-based learning.
This document discusses different approaches to curriculum planning and development. It defines curriculum and different curriculum models. It describes the Traditional/Systematic Approach which includes the Administrative, Grass-Roots, and Demonstration approaches. It also discusses the Michaelis Model for curriculum development which includes 7 key components: foundations, goals/objectives, organization, learning environment, support services, teaching strategies, and evaluation. Finally, it briefly mentions the Frymier-Hawn Approach which involves community, students, teachers, content, and organizational actors in curriculum development.
Curriculum Inception
Taya Hervey-McNutt
Strayer University
EDU 555: K-12 Curriculum Design & Development
Dr. Joe Canada
January 16, 2022
Curriculum Inception
The proposed curriculum will be a comprehensive program focusing on the teaching and
learning of technology in Orange County Public Schools (OCPS) elementary schools. The core
instructional goals of the proposed curriculum aimed at empowering learners with primary
computer and internet skills such as; basic use of computer applications including google apps,
keynote, garage band. In this grade, students will be introduced to know how to use the google
apps and the Chromebook. They will develop multimedia presentations like publishing media
content and developing digital media and art. Through this, the student will be able to acquire the
ability to constructible skills that will help him/her derive meaning by critically questioning
resources using digital tools. In this grade, students are expected to major in learning how to use
book creators to explain their understanding in their own words.
The main learning activities students will undertake include: Storing, sharing, accessing,
and manipulating files in google drive; organizing and reflecting on content in google sites as
well as campus press blogs, implementation of apps like book creator to explain their
understanding Learn the various purposes of different media. Impart innovation skills on learners
through the use of various technologies in a design process for problem-solving by creating new,
useful and /or innovative solutions. At the same time, Students will be expected to learn how to
apply technology and non-technology tools to aid in understanding a design process of which
there will be an integration with STEAM subjects. Still, this will make space activities where
students will apply the design process to identify or solve problems by combining digital tools
with non-tech tools to develop strategies for designing systems. Impart collaboration skills on
students through digital tools to widen their views, increase empathy, and the importance of
teamwork skills in applications.
Approach to curriculum development
The proposal's design is based on the system's approach to curriculum development. The
systems approach can be seen as a methodical scheme applied to plan, propose, advance,
evaluate curriculums that consist of the following components: Analysis of needs, analysis of the
task, declaration of projected learning objectives, assessment plan, a pilot study proposal,
development of learning resources and implementation of the final curriculum. The first five
components of the systems approach have already been included in the proposed curriculum
design. Furthermore, one of the main features of the Systems approach's core instructional goals
is its high interconnectedness among content areas and programs. Similarly, in the core
instructional goals of the proposed curriculum, ther ...
This document discusses guidelines for conducting action research in education. It provides the rationale for action research, which is to help teachers address problems in their classrooms and improve teaching and learning. The setting is described as research done within school environments to study classroom issues. Previous literature establishes the importance of research skills and positive attitudes towards research for teachers. The general objective is to provide science teachers with a research manual to guide them through the action research process. This will help address commonly faced problems and lead to classroom improvements. The scope is limited to a specific school and subject area, and limitations include constraints of the research design and methodology. Hypotheses are proposed to test differences in students' writing skills before and after an educational intervention.
The goal of this project was to develop a patient-centered care plan (PCCP) within an electronic medical
record and evaluate its impact. The PCCP focused on respecting patient values/preferences, care
coordination/integration, and information/communication. An experimental group used the PCCP while a
control group did not. Experimental patients had more documentation of goal setting and showed higher
activation levels. Providers, patients, and staff found the PCCP useful for engagement, self-management,
and teamwork. Results were presented and the grantee plans to publish findings.
Composite courses, also known as interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary courses, are educational programs that integrate content from multiple disciplines into a single cohesive curriculum. These courses offer students a unique opportunity to explore diverse subject areas, foster critical thinking skills, and develop a holistic understanding of complex topics.
click to read more.
This document outlines different models of curriculum integration in medical education, including the benefits and challenges. It begins by defining integration as organizing teaching across subject areas into meaningful associations. Traditional medical education has been discipline-based, but integrated models aim to make learning more relevant by linking basic and clinical sciences. Examples of integration models discussed include horizontal integration across disciplines, and vertical integration across pre-clinical and clinical years. The document also notes potential advantages like reducing redundancies and facilitating deeper understanding, as well as disadvantages such as losing subject identity and requiring more planning.
Dr. Rehmah Sarfraz is the Head of the Department of Medical Education at Islamabad Medical & Dental College. She gave a presentation on integrated curriculum at the 3rd contact session of SZABMU CHPE on November 19, 2020. The presentation covered the history and models of curriculum, definitions and types of integration, principles of an integrated curriculum, and 12 tips for developing an integrated curriculum. The objectives were to outline curricular models, differentiate between vertical and horizontal integration, distinguish integration levels, and identify principles and tips for an integrated curriculum.
This document discusses knowledge translation (KT), which is defined as a dynamic process of synthesizing, disseminating, exchanging, and applying research knowledge to improve health, health services, and health systems. KT involves interactions between researchers and knowledge users and can vary in complexity. There are two main types of KT: end of grant KT, where researchers disseminate findings to knowledge users; and integrated KT (iKT), where knowledge users and researchers collaborate throughout the entire research process to ensure findings can be applied. The key aspects of iKT are that it is collaborative, participatory, action-oriented, and focuses on solving knowledge users' problems.
Service education-in-distance-learning-modality-morBernardEspiritu5
This document provides an overview of a study exploring the use of service education as an intervention for reducing drop-out rates among potential drop-out students in distance learning. It begins with an introduction describing the increasing number of students at risk of dropping out or failing due to low participation in distance learning during the pandemic. The study aims to understand student experiences and the impact on their academic domains. The theoretical framework is based on an input-process-output model. A literature review covers concepts of service learning and its benefits found in previous studies such as increased academic engagement, empathy and community involvement. The methodology section outlines the qualitative research design utilizing interviews and discussions to understand student perspectives. The study scope is limited to a massage therapy course and does
RUNNING HEAD COMPITENCY BASED EDUCATION .docxjoellemurphey
RUNNING HEAD: COMPITENCY BASED EDUCATION 1
COMPITENCY BASED LEARNING 2
Topic:
Author:
Institution of affiliation:
Professor:
Date:
DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION
Competency Based Education and Training is an approach to learning and teaching more mostly used in learning concrete skills than the usual abstract learning. The differs from the other non-related approaches in that the unit of learning is very detailed .Learners work on one competency or field at a time, which is usually a part of a larger educational target or objective. The learner is evaluated on the personal competency, and only proceeds when they have completely attained the learning goals. After that the first completion, competencies that are more complex are learned or taught to a degree of mastery and isolated or separated from other topics. Another common element of Competency-based learning is the ability to skip learning modules entirely if the student can demonstrate they already have the required mastery. This can be done either through prior application of learning assessment or formative testing(Burns and Klingstedt, 1972).
Competency-based learning is more of a learner focused and works best with independent study and with the instructor or trainer in the role of facilitator. Learners often find different or varieties of individual skills more difficult than others. This educational method allows a learner to attain those skills they find difficult or challenging at their own pace, practicing and refining their skills as much as they like. They can then progress through other skills with time to which they are more familiar or adept. By enabling these students to master and gain skills at their own pace, competency-based learning model help to save both time for the study and money spent on schooling (Burns and Klingstedt, 1972).
Depending on the strategy pursued or applied, this model also creates more channels for graduating and making better use of current technology. supporting new staffing and organizational patterns that utilize tutors skills and also interests differently in addition, taking advantage of learning opportunities outside of schooling hours and walls while also assisting in identify opportunities to target interventions to meet the needed learning requirements for the students. Each of these factors is aimed at achieving greater efficiency and increased level of productivity (Burns and Klingstedt, 1972)
.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND STATUS
Modern competency-based education and training movements began with U.S. efforts to reform teacher education and training in the 1960s.Brown (1994) described sequential “generations” of competency-based learning and suggested that the emerging models in the 1980s and early 1990s were a representation of the fifth generation o ...
Program for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER): A regional training program initiated in 1998 by the U.S. Agency for International Development’s, Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) strengthening disaster response capacities in nine countries in Asia.
The PEER program objectives are:
Community Action for Disaster Response (CADRE): Enhancing community level first responder capacity in disaster–prone communities in PEER’s nine countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, and the Philippines, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam.
Hospital Preparedness for Emergencies (HOPE): Preparing medical facilities and hospitals for multi-hazard, mass casualty disasters in PEER’s nine countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, and the Philippines, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam.
This document summarizes presentations from a sustainability conference featuring case studies from universities in Mexico, the US, and Spain. It discusses how the universities have incorporated sustainability into their operations, curriculum, research, and community outreach. For example, the University of Alcala de Henares in Spain created a Council for Sustainability and integrated sustainability programs, majors and research. San Diego State University has a Center for Regional Sustainability that facilitates collaboration and a sustainability-focused undergraduate program. The conclusion calls for universities to promote sustainability awareness, review their own operations and impact, and integrate the concepts into the curriculum.
OPEN LEARNING: KEY FOUNDATIONS OF PERSONAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTijwscjournal
The concept of open education is one of the concepts that have taken a clear place on the academic map of higher education in many countries of the world. This type of education has become an important resource for universities to overcome many of the material and academic problems. The aim of this study is to analyse the role of open learning as the key foundations of personal learning environment. The interview respondents were nine teachers who are currently working with different open learning programs in Saudi Arabia. The nine teachers were from three different institutes in Saudi Arabia. It was identified through the interviews that the emergence of Open Textbooks, which is part of the broader movement known as Open Learning Resources, can help meet these challenges and improve the quality of the learning process. Higher textbooks for higher education students, especially middle school students, In the beginning of the last decade in the Saudi Arabia, to what is known as the "crisis of the textbook" and tried to solve many solutions to address the problem, such as the rental of the book to the student and the adoption of e-book and others, but the most prominent solutions are effective and impact, the emergence of non-profit organizations in cooperation.
This document outlines the development of teaching materials focused on geoscience literacy and societal issues through the use of geodesy data and tools. It discusses:
- The InTeGrate curriculum model which aims to improve geoscience understanding and build workforce skills through contextualized learning.
- The development of open educational resources covering topics like climate change, natural hazards, and resource issues using quantitative geodesy data and skills.
- Guiding principles for the materials including addressing societal challenges, developing interdisciplinary skills, engaging authentic geodesy methods, and improving quantitative/scientific reasoning abilities.
- A process for designing modules that aligns learning goals, objectives, assessments, resources and instructional strategies to
The document discusses reforms to medical education over the past century. It describes how the Flexner Report in 1908 evaluated medical schools and established standards, leading to reforms that implemented a four-year curriculum with basic and clinical sciences. A century later, another report recommended goals like competency-based learning, interprofessional education, and harnessing technology. The document advocates for a third generation of reforms focusing on systems-based and adaptive learning to improve health systems performance.
This document discusses engaging students in research and inquiry within community and further education institutions that provide higher education (CBHE). It reviews literature on integrating research-based learning and scholarly activity into the curriculum. The document presents strategies for involving students in research, such as having them work on research teams, applied research projects, or student-led journals. It also discusses developing students' research skills progressively throughout their studies. Overall, the document argues that engaging students in research and inquiry can enhance their learning experience and help develop skills needed for their future professions.
This study investigated students' perceptions of effective dimensions of interactive learning in a blended learning course at a university in Turkey. 25 students enrolled in a "Computer Networks and Communication" course participated. Interviews were conducted at the end to understand students' perspectives on dimensions like how instructivist and constructivist elements were blended, need for metacognitive support, authentic learning activities, collaboration, motivation, individualized learning, and internet access. The findings provided insight into designing effective blended learning environments.
Published Resarch article Convergence of Pedagogy and ICTPaul Engles
Project ACTIVate brought together problem-based learning (PBL) and interactive whiteboards (IWBs) in a teaching and learning environment at St Mary's Catholic School. An action research methodology was used involving planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting on lessons that integrated PBL, IWBs, and the school's thinking curriculum. Data from student surveys, teacher observations, and rubrics indicated that the use of IWBs supported PBL and led to positive learning outcomes such as flexible knowledge, effective problem solving, self-directed learning, collaboration skills, and intrinsic motivation among the students. Challenges included coordinating student groups and finding time for reflection, but overall the project demonstrated that combining PBL and I
Sustainability science aims to integrate knowledge from different disciplines to address complex environmental and social problems, in contrast to traditional science which focuses on individual disciplines. It emphasizes co-producing knowledge with stakeholders, addressing real-world problems, and finding holistic solutions through systems thinking. The document discusses challenges with traditional approaches and how sustainability science facilitates more interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research to better understand human-environment interactions.
Perceived benefits and Barriers of Online teaching among nursing facultyLatha Venkatesan
This study assessed the perceived benefits and barriers of online learning among nursing faculty in Tamil Nadu, India during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 2375 faculty found they perceived significant benefits to students, teachers, and both, such as continued education, but also barriers like lack of interpersonal interaction. Benefits were correlated with increased age and experience, while barriers increased slightly with age. Male faculty, and those with higher degrees and positions, perceived more benefits. The findings suggest online learning can be effective with proper planning and support, especially in situations where in-person learning is difficult.
This document summarizes chapters 1-3 of a book on interdisciplinary curriculum design and implementation. It discusses the need for more integrated curriculum to address issues like fragmented schedules and lack of relevance. It defines different types of integration approaches and outlines factors to consider when selecting options. Examples of integration models are provided, from parallel teaching to full residential programs. Designers are advised to consider student and institutional needs to determine the best combination of integrated and discipline-based learning.
This document discusses different approaches to curriculum planning and development. It defines curriculum and different curriculum models. It describes the Traditional/Systematic Approach which includes the Administrative, Grass-Roots, and Demonstration approaches. It also discusses the Michaelis Model for curriculum development which includes 7 key components: foundations, goals/objectives, organization, learning environment, support services, teaching strategies, and evaluation. Finally, it briefly mentions the Frymier-Hawn Approach which involves community, students, teachers, content, and organizational actors in curriculum development.
Curriculum Inception
Taya Hervey-McNutt
Strayer University
EDU 555: K-12 Curriculum Design & Development
Dr. Joe Canada
January 16, 2022
Curriculum Inception
The proposed curriculum will be a comprehensive program focusing on the teaching and
learning of technology in Orange County Public Schools (OCPS) elementary schools. The core
instructional goals of the proposed curriculum aimed at empowering learners with primary
computer and internet skills such as; basic use of computer applications including google apps,
keynote, garage band. In this grade, students will be introduced to know how to use the google
apps and the Chromebook. They will develop multimedia presentations like publishing media
content and developing digital media and art. Through this, the student will be able to acquire the
ability to constructible skills that will help him/her derive meaning by critically questioning
resources using digital tools. In this grade, students are expected to major in learning how to use
book creators to explain their understanding in their own words.
The main learning activities students will undertake include: Storing, sharing, accessing,
and manipulating files in google drive; organizing and reflecting on content in google sites as
well as campus press blogs, implementation of apps like book creator to explain their
understanding Learn the various purposes of different media. Impart innovation skills on learners
through the use of various technologies in a design process for problem-solving by creating new,
useful and /or innovative solutions. At the same time, Students will be expected to learn how to
apply technology and non-technology tools to aid in understanding a design process of which
there will be an integration with STEAM subjects. Still, this will make space activities where
students will apply the design process to identify or solve problems by combining digital tools
with non-tech tools to develop strategies for designing systems. Impart collaboration skills on
students through digital tools to widen their views, increase empathy, and the importance of
teamwork skills in applications.
Approach to curriculum development
The proposal's design is based on the system's approach to curriculum development. The
systems approach can be seen as a methodical scheme applied to plan, propose, advance,
evaluate curriculums that consist of the following components: Analysis of needs, analysis of the
task, declaration of projected learning objectives, assessment plan, a pilot study proposal,
development of learning resources and implementation of the final curriculum. The first five
components of the systems approach have already been included in the proposed curriculum
design. Furthermore, one of the main features of the Systems approach's core instructional goals
is its high interconnectedness among content areas and programs. Similarly, in the core
instructional goals of the proposed curriculum, ther ...
This document discusses guidelines for conducting action research in education. It provides the rationale for action research, which is to help teachers address problems in their classrooms and improve teaching and learning. The setting is described as research done within school environments to study classroom issues. Previous literature establishes the importance of research skills and positive attitudes towards research for teachers. The general objective is to provide science teachers with a research manual to guide them through the action research process. This will help address commonly faced problems and lead to classroom improvements. The scope is limited to a specific school and subject area, and limitations include constraints of the research design and methodology. Hypotheses are proposed to test differences in students' writing skills before and after an educational intervention.
The goal of this project was to develop a patient-centered care plan (PCCP) within an electronic medical
record and evaluate its impact. The PCCP focused on respecting patient values/preferences, care
coordination/integration, and information/communication. An experimental group used the PCCP while a
control group did not. Experimental patients had more documentation of goal setting and showed higher
activation levels. Providers, patients, and staff found the PCCP useful for engagement, self-management,
and teamwork. Results were presented and the grantee plans to publish findings.
Composite courses, also known as interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary courses, are educational programs that integrate content from multiple disciplines into a single cohesive curriculum. These courses offer students a unique opportunity to explore diverse subject areas, foster critical thinking skills, and develop a holistic understanding of complex topics.
click to read more.
This document outlines different models of curriculum integration in medical education, including the benefits and challenges. It begins by defining integration as organizing teaching across subject areas into meaningful associations. Traditional medical education has been discipline-based, but integrated models aim to make learning more relevant by linking basic and clinical sciences. Examples of integration models discussed include horizontal integration across disciplines, and vertical integration across pre-clinical and clinical years. The document also notes potential advantages like reducing redundancies and facilitating deeper understanding, as well as disadvantages such as losing subject identity and requiring more planning.
Dr. Rehmah Sarfraz is the Head of the Department of Medical Education at Islamabad Medical & Dental College. She gave a presentation on integrated curriculum at the 3rd contact session of SZABMU CHPE on November 19, 2020. The presentation covered the history and models of curriculum, definitions and types of integration, principles of an integrated curriculum, and 12 tips for developing an integrated curriculum. The objectives were to outline curricular models, differentiate between vertical and horizontal integration, distinguish integration levels, and identify principles and tips for an integrated curriculum.
This document discusses knowledge translation (KT), which is defined as a dynamic process of synthesizing, disseminating, exchanging, and applying research knowledge to improve health, health services, and health systems. KT involves interactions between researchers and knowledge users and can vary in complexity. There are two main types of KT: end of grant KT, where researchers disseminate findings to knowledge users; and integrated KT (iKT), where knowledge users and researchers collaborate throughout the entire research process to ensure findings can be applied. The key aspects of iKT are that it is collaborative, participatory, action-oriented, and focuses on solving knowledge users' problems.
Service education-in-distance-learning-modality-morBernardEspiritu5
This document provides an overview of a study exploring the use of service education as an intervention for reducing drop-out rates among potential drop-out students in distance learning. It begins with an introduction describing the increasing number of students at risk of dropping out or failing due to low participation in distance learning during the pandemic. The study aims to understand student experiences and the impact on their academic domains. The theoretical framework is based on an input-process-output model. A literature review covers concepts of service learning and its benefits found in previous studies such as increased academic engagement, empathy and community involvement. The methodology section outlines the qualitative research design utilizing interviews and discussions to understand student perspectives. The study scope is limited to a massage therapy course and does
RUNNING HEAD COMPITENCY BASED EDUCATION .docxjoellemurphey
RUNNING HEAD: COMPITENCY BASED EDUCATION 1
COMPITENCY BASED LEARNING 2
Topic:
Author:
Institution of affiliation:
Professor:
Date:
DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION
Competency Based Education and Training is an approach to learning and teaching more mostly used in learning concrete skills than the usual abstract learning. The differs from the other non-related approaches in that the unit of learning is very detailed .Learners work on one competency or field at a time, which is usually a part of a larger educational target or objective. The learner is evaluated on the personal competency, and only proceeds when they have completely attained the learning goals. After that the first completion, competencies that are more complex are learned or taught to a degree of mastery and isolated or separated from other topics. Another common element of Competency-based learning is the ability to skip learning modules entirely if the student can demonstrate they already have the required mastery. This can be done either through prior application of learning assessment or formative testing(Burns and Klingstedt, 1972).
Competency-based learning is more of a learner focused and works best with independent study and with the instructor or trainer in the role of facilitator. Learners often find different or varieties of individual skills more difficult than others. This educational method allows a learner to attain those skills they find difficult or challenging at their own pace, practicing and refining their skills as much as they like. They can then progress through other skills with time to which they are more familiar or adept. By enabling these students to master and gain skills at their own pace, competency-based learning model help to save both time for the study and money spent on schooling (Burns and Klingstedt, 1972).
Depending on the strategy pursued or applied, this model also creates more channels for graduating and making better use of current technology. supporting new staffing and organizational patterns that utilize tutors skills and also interests differently in addition, taking advantage of learning opportunities outside of schooling hours and walls while also assisting in identify opportunities to target interventions to meet the needed learning requirements for the students. Each of these factors is aimed at achieving greater efficiency and increased level of productivity (Burns and Klingstedt, 1972)
.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND STATUS
Modern competency-based education and training movements began with U.S. efforts to reform teacher education and training in the 1960s.Brown (1994) described sequential “generations” of competency-based learning and suggested that the emerging models in the 1980s and early 1990s were a representation of the fifth generation o ...
This document discusses new challenges for education in agroecology. It focuses on the competencies, skills, and attitudes needed for agroecologists (the "what"), how agroecology should be taught through experiential learning and active experience (the "how"), and who the learners and teachers of agroecology are and should be (the "who"). For the "what", it argues future agroecologists need training to be "expert-generalists" with both specialized expertise and skills in integrative thinking. For the "how", it emphasizes the importance of experiential learning, action learning, and process-oriented teaching. For the "who", it discusses the need for agroecology education to
1) The document discusses a program in Mexico that aimed to improve science and math education at the university level by focusing on developing general competencies like literacy and problem solving.
2) A survey found that the university's efforts to promote general competencies were dispersed and inconsistent. The program involved workshops to help faculty incorporate literacy and math problem solving into their courses.
3) Faculty participants initially blamed students' problems, but working on the program revealed inconsistencies in their own teaching. Most faculty said general competencies should be developed throughout university rather than seen as prerequisites.
Curriculum planning and implementation based on theoriesArun Madanan
This document discusses curriculum planning and implementation based on nursing theories. It outlines several parts: the need for theory-based curriculum due to lack of confidence in theories among nurses; using theories with confidence in all aspects of nursing education; and basing curriculum on five principles including theory-based reasoning. It then provides several examples of how to incorporate specific nursing theories into curriculum planning and implementation, such as Orem's Self-Care Theory and Maslow's Motivation Theory. Student learning and evaluation are also discussed. The conclusion states that a theory-based education provides a framework for nursing care but requires openness to new approaches.
This document discusses the concept of integrating curricula in medical education. It outlines the shortcomings of traditional, discipline-based curricula, noting that they involve heavy teaching loads with less learning and rarely incorporate active student participation. An integrated curriculum is defined as an educational system where elements work together to enable students to achieve learning outcomes. Integrated curricula teach topics in the context of problems and issues, rather than separate disciplines. The benefits of integration include enhanced deep learning, a more holistic view of patient problems, increased student motivation, and improved recall and application of knowledge in clinical contexts.
Current issues and challenges during pandemic situation in nursing education....Latha Venkatesan
The document discusses challenges and perspectives in nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It notes that the pandemic required rapid changes in teaching methods from in-person to online. This raised issues for practical nursing training which requires real-world experience. The document also examines differences between emergency remote education implemented during the crisis versus traditional distance learning, and considers how nursing education may evolve in the future with new technologies and a hybrid model of in-person and online learning.
1. Disciplinary approaches focus on a single field of study and provide in-depth knowledge but can lead to narrow perspectives. Interdisciplinary approaches combine insights from multiple fields to address complex problems.
2. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses depending on the goals. Disciplinary approaches develop expertise while interdisciplinary approaches consider different viewpoints.
3. Disciplines can be classified by subject matter into natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, applied sciences, and professional fields. Some combine areas of study.
Strategic Curriculum Change Book Group Discussion PresentationPearson
This document discusses strategic curriculum change in universities globally. Chapter 1 introduces the need for curriculum review due to increasing demands and diversity. Networks are more effective than hierarchies for facilitating interdisciplinary initiatives and knowledge sharing. Chapter 2 explores achieving curriculum coherence through viewing it as a social practice. Chapter 3 examines Brown University's curriculum reform process. Overall, the document analyzes curriculum structures, processes, and case studies of reform from various universities worldwide to provide insights into enabling strategic curriculum change.
This document discusses curriculum development and provides definitions, importance, and steps in the curriculum development process. It defines curriculum development as a planned, purposeful, and progressive process aimed at creating positive improvements in education. The key steps outlined are: 1) identifying problems, 2) assessing needs, 3) defining goals and objectives, 4) choosing educational strategies, 5) implementing the curriculum, and 6) evaluating and providing feedback. The overall purpose of curriculum development is to address societal needs and improve education, individuals, and society.
Strategic Visions & Values: Inclusive Curricula and Leadership in Learning an...Richard Hall
Presentation for the Leadership in Learning and Teaching event at Durham University on 1 May 2019.
Project resources:
Universal Design for Learning: Evaluation Interim Report: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/17106
A Literature Review of Universal Design for Learning: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/17059
Freedom to Achieve: Project Evaluation Report: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/16793
Similar to Integration ladder: Geospatial information system and covid-19 (20)
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdfVedanta A
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
More@: https://tinyurl.com/2shrryhx
More@: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h3wp8
R3 Stem Cell Therapy: A New Hope for Women with Ovarian FailureR3 Stem Cell
Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPTblessyjannu21
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
Get Covid Testing at Fit to Fly PCR TestNX Healthcare
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
Contact @ +971 529818279
Visit @ https://malayalikeralaspaajman.com/
Mental Health and well-being Presentation. Exploring innovative approaches and strategies for enhancing mental well-being. Discover cutting-edge research, effective strategies, and practical methods for fostering mental well-being.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdfSachin Sharma
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
2. Dr.R.Suthakaran M.Pharm., PhD., DPMM., DPQCQAM., DCA.,
PGDIPR
Professor and Principal
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Regulatory affairs
Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad,
2
3. 3
CHAPTER I INDEGRATED STUDIES
CHAPTER II PHARMACY AND GIS
CHAPTER III GIS AND COVID-19
INDEX
4. 4
INTEGRATED CURRICULUM DESIGN
•The concept of curriculum integration, where individual disciplines are
strategically combined to create a cohesive whole, is not unique to
pharmacy education. Some may legitimately ask why curricula should be
integrated, particularly in view of the relative lack of empirical evidence
that an integrated curriculum produces
•Better graduates and ultimately practitioners. Despite this, the idea has
support, and reformers within medical education have attempted to address the
following within curriculum design: teaching and learning should promote
integration; habits of inquiry and improvement should be encouraged and
developed; learning should be individualized, while assessment should be
standardized; the development of professional identity should be supported.
CHAPTER I: INTEGRATION LADDER
7. 1.1)Horizontal Integration
It is organization of subject matter across disciplines over a finite period of
time. It is integrating two or more disciplines taught during same phase of
the curriculum. In other words, Horizontal integration means that two or
more departments teaching concurrently merge their educational identities.
1.2) Vertical Integration
Organization of subject matter across disciplines over an indefinite period of
time. Integrating two or more disciplines taught during different phases of
the curriculum. In other words, vertical integration is an integration
between disciplines traditionally taught in the different phases of
curriculum.
7
11. Also known as additive integration i.e. integrating different subject areas
by bringing together topics, themes from different subject area however
keeping the subject specific outcomes distinct. It draws on knowledge
from different disciplines but stays within their boundaries.
This can be achieved by:
Interdisciplinary-
Fusion-
11
12. Also known as interactive integration i.e. integrating amongst subject areas,
wherein common learning outcomes from different subjects are identified
and integrated teaching-learning and assessment is planned and
implemented. It analyses, synthesizes and harmonizes links between
disciplines into a coordinated and coherent whole
12
2.3. TRANS-DISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION
Also known as holistic i.e. integrating beyond subject areas, integrates the
natural, social and health sciences in a humanities context, and transcends
their traditional boundaries.
a) Within a single discipline: Integration done within single discipline is
acquired in three forms fragmented, connected and nested.
13. i) Fragmented: The fragmented methodology is a traditional curriculum
design which separates topics and courses into distinct disciplines. In this
model courses are separated into traditional areas of study. Each area is
defined as an independent course of study. Its advantage is that students
have clear and discrete view of a discipline. Disadvantage is that the
connections are not made clear for students; less transfer of learning.
ii)Connected: It is the focus on making connections (one topic to another,
one skill to another or one concept to another) which makes this
methodology a simple form of integration.
iii) Nested: Nested integration takes advantage of natural combinations.
Integration is performed by overtly making connections or creating
combinations. Advantages are - gives attention to several areas at once,
leading to enriched and enhanced learning. Disadvantages include
students may be confused and lose sight of the main concepts of the
activity or lesson. 13
14. b) Across the disciplines
Integration across the disciplines is done as sequenced, shared, webbed, threaded,
integrated.
i) Sequenced: Topics and units are taught independently, but they are arranged and
sequenced to provide a framework for related concepts. Teachers arrange topics
so that similar units articulate. Advantages: Facilitates transfer of learning across
content areas.
Disadvantages: Requires ongoing collaboration and flexibility, as teachers have less
autonomy in sequencing curricula.
ii)Shared: The shared model brings two distinct disciplines together into a single
focus. The shared methodology overlaps concepts as the organizer. Advantages:
Shared instructional experiences; with two teachers on a team it is less difficult to
collaborate. Disadvantages: requires time, flexibility, commitment and compromise.
14
15. iii)Webbed: Thematic teaching, using a theme as a base for instructions in
many disciplines is used. Advantages: Motivating for students; helps them
see connections between ideas. Disadvantages: Theme must be carefully and
thoughtfully selected to be meaningful, with relevant and rigorous content.
c)Within and across learners
It is achieved by immersed and networked methodology.
i)Immersed: The immersed methodology focuses all curricular content on
interest and expertise. With this methodology, integration takes place within
the learners, with little or no outside intervention. This immersed study is
often undertaken in a field of intense interest or passion.
ii)Networked: A networked methodology creates multiple dimensions and
directions of focus. Like brainstorming, it provides various ideas and ways of
discovering. The networked methodology is totally student centred. It
professes that only the learner can direct the integration process
15
19. Integrated teaching Traditional teaching
Teaching by different departments Teaching by one department
No repetition Unnecessary Repetition of topic
Better utilization of time More wastage of time
Better correlation Correlation of the topics is difficult.
Thought provoking and improved grasping of topic Cramming of topic
Better understanding and assimilation of knowledge Lesser understanding
Unifying the topics of curriculum High degree of compartmentalisation of curriculum
Holistic learning Fragmented learning
Approach improves understanding & develops interest
in topic.
May discourage student from learning
More clarification of concepts Lots of confusion in students mind about subject
Emphasises on understanding of current problem and
concepts.
Emphasizes on examination and results.
Less confusing as information delivered on same
platform
Different information on same topics at different
platforms causes confusion in student’s mind
Learning basic science and clinical application
together improves skills and performance
While learning clinical application need to revise and
recall basic science and difficulty in integration affect
19
21. GIS: A FORMAL DEFINITION
“A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating,
analysing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth.
This is normally considered to involve a spatially referenced computer
database and appropriate applications software”.
21
22. • What is GIS in medical terms?
Quite simply, Medical GIS is the application of Geographic Information
Systems into the healthcare arena and fall under the broad “Health IT”
umbrella.
• How can GIS be used in the medical field?
GIS has continued to be used in public health for epidemiological studies.
By tracking the sources of diseases and the movements of contagions,
agencies can respond more effectively to outbreaks of disease by
identifying at-risk populations and targeting intervention.
22
23. • How will GIS affect healthcare?
GIS can analyze and portray accurately the distribution of
mental health services and they could explain the reasons why the
accessibility in healthcare services is affected. ... Additionally, it helps
networks that provide mental health services to be designed.
• How does GIS help in preventing epidemic?
For example, officials using GIS paired with public health data can
quickly identify areas of greatest population density, and they can see
when the disease is likely to hit those areas. This allows them to give
priority resources for those vulnerable areas to prevent and
control outbreaks as much as possible
23
24. What are the benefits of using GIS?
• But that’s just the start, here are my Top 10 benefits of GIS:
• Improved decision by government officials
• Instantaneous collaboration through the cloud
• Layer complex data to drive improve decision making
• Improved transparency for citizen engagement
• Identify at-risk or under-served populations within a community
• Improved allocation of resources and planning
• Management of natural resources
• Improved communications during a crisis
• Cost savings by improved decision making
• Planning for demographic changes to community
https://www.esri.com/en-us/what-is-gis/showcase
Tackling the Opioid Epidemic ,Mapping Ocean Ecology ,Snow Avalanches
Mountains of Fire ,A River Reborn ,Watering Crops the Scientific Way
End of the Line ,A Collaborative Approach to Working with Homelessness
24
25. Geomarketing provides a number of versatile solutions for pharmaceutical
sales (WIGEOGIS- https://www.wigeogis.com/en/health_care_geomarketing)
• Strategic analysis for the pharmaceutical, OTC and healthcare markets
using geomarketing
• Identification of physicians and pharmacies with the highest sales
potential
• Sales territory and sales force planning with geomarketing
• Targeted sales pitches based on specific customer and patient potential
• Performance monitoring of sales force appointments with geomarketing
• Monitoring and management of sales activities with geomarketing
• Spatial distribution and public accessibility of pharmacies
• Competitor mapping and market observation
25
26. The main aim of the proposed work is to create an Information System
using Geospatial technology for diseases, With the following objectives:
•Disease surveillance- disease mapping and modelling.
•Tracking and mapping of mortality and morbidity pattern.
•Identification of environment and socio-economic determinants Of
Encephalitis.
•Asses analyze and visualize (maps) risk and vulnerability.
•Availability of health services and existing local capacity for
emergency and Preparedness.
•Preventive measures and planning strategies.
Researchers have focused on developing and applying analytical
approaches using GIS to support two important aspects of healthcare
planning: first, epidemic surveillance and modeling, despite a lack of
health information and its management, and, second, evaluating the spatial
inequality of access to healthcare in order to determine the optimum
distribution of health resources
26
27. GIS – DATA LAYERS STACKING
NDVI FROM
AERIAL IMAGE
N2 AVAILAVALABILITY
FROM AERIAL IMAGE
PH LAYER
27
37. •GIS used in multiple disciplines:
Agriculture
Archaeology
Architecture/Landscape
Arch. Business
Computer Science
Environmental Science
Engineering Journalism
Military Science
Natural Resource Management
Geography
Geology
Meteorology
Oceanography
Law Enforcement
Public Health
History Sociology
Urban/Regional Planning
Application of GIS
37
40. Data processed with GIS and spatial statistics are important to
study COVID-19.
Decision making is the principle objective of COVID-19 studies with
GIS.
Geographical aspects of the study of COVID-19 can be grouped
into five categories.
COVID-19 requires an interdisciplinary approach with a global
perspective.
Health geography has a critical perspective that can help
vulnerable
40
41. 41
THEMATIC GROUPS OF GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS
We have reviewed 63 scientific articles found in the Google Scholar, Scopus,
Science Direct and by following the references in the works we read. PubMed
search engines
The keywords we used to find these articles were ‘COVID-19’, ‘coronavirus’
(limited to 2020) or ‘SARS-CoV-2’, together with different conjugations of the
words ‘GIS’, ‘spatiotemporal’, ‘spatial analysis’, ‘geospatial’, ‘geography’,
‘map’ and ‘mapping’.
Research papers were categorized into five general groups and summarized
as follows:
1) Spatiotemporal analysis and disease mapping
2) Health and social geography,
3) Environmental variables,
4) Data mining,
5) Web-based mapping
42. One of the most important properties of epidemics is their spatial
spread, “a characteristic which mainly depends on the epidemic
mechanism, human mobility and control strategy”
We can use GIS and spatial statistics to respond to this, and also
to help mitigate the epidemic through scientific information, find
spatial correlations with other variables, and identify transmission
dynamics.
They extracted data on 1group of patients with laboratory-
confirmed COVID-19 cases from hospitals until a particular period
of time , and proceeded to characterize the profile of the average
patient: mean age, gender, symptoms and their spatiotemporal
characteristics i.e., identification of the rapid spread of the disease
through out certain area, distribution of patients by
province, characteristics between residents of any particular cities
and non-residents,
42
43. 43
COVID-19 cases and their correlation with the migration of the city population in
the early stages of the epidemic, analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of
COVID-19, the control measures taken, their effects with respect to the
pandemic, and its spatiotemporal distribution.
Combined efforts to understand the transmission dynamics, focusing on the
main areas. They used the reported data of infected people in a time interval,
plus the daily travel intensity index with Baidu Maps data for those dates, in
order to calibrate the level of restrictions and estimate the proportion of the
population in quarantine.
Conti….
44. Specific health geography issues
The works of scientists in South Africa explore the challenges of
establishing health control measures in developing countries where there
are entire neighbourhoods in extreme poverty. They were produced two
maps for the city of Gauteng [SA].
i) One is the risk factor index for maintaining social distance and preventive
hygiene, which is not as feasible for all people in all communities. Thus, they
compile six risk factors that can be considered impediments to achieving
basic hygiene and social distancing: crowded living conditions; sharing of
water and sanitation services; dependence on public health services; limited
access to communication tools; and dependence on public transport.
44
45. 45
ii) The second map is the index of risk factors that increase social and health
vulnerability during an outbreak or wider quarantine. This map responds to the
concern about how the social distancing measures taken by the South African
government and its reaction to an outbreak will impact poorer communities.
In the USA and Austalia, t a time of extraordinary vigilance over older people
The city was spatially analysed to identify the areas that offer the greatest
difficulties in accessing health services, where populations over 65 years of
age are concentrated and which require medical assistance at home and,
finally, the location of hospitals and pharmacies.
Conti…….
46. Analyzed the relationship between the governing political party in each
US country, social behaviour with respect to containment measures,
and confirmed cases of COVID-19. Large partisan gaps in social
distancing behaviour were revealed.
Also in the USA, studied the correlation between Facebook friendships
and COVID-19 cases in two administrative entities heavily hit by
COVID-19: an American county (Westchester County, NY) and an Italian
municipality (Lodi, Lombardy).
46
47. 47
Remote sensing tools are very useful for the spatial study of diseases. In addition
to the atmospheric information obtained by satellites,), vegetation, sea surface
characteristics and changes in land cover can influence the spread of diseases.
Recently, Scientist were measured changes in economic activity since
containment measures were adopted in different parts of the world (Munich,
Phoenix, Moscow, Wuhan, North Korea). They used recent and pre-COVID-19
satellite images to identify the change in vehicle volume at regular points, ship
traffic at ports, and aircraft at gates.
Conti….
48. ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES
ENVIRONMENT, GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMIC
CORRELATIONS
Characteristics of 55 Italian cities and their relationships with the
dynamics of COVID-19. The study identified, for each city, its distance
from the sea, latitude, population density, air pollution levels (PM10 or
ozone), climatic variables of these months (average temperature, relative
humidity, predominant wind speed, rainy and foggy days), and spatial-
temporal characteristics of COVID-19 and of infected people.
The work found a probable association between the accelerated diffusion
of COVID-19 and high air pollution, specific meteorological conditions
(e.g. low wind speed) and the cities farthest from the sea. The author
appeals to environmental and sustainability sciences to prevent future
epidemics. 48
49. 49
In USA, used 35 explanatory factors, of socio-economic (average income,
inequality, unemployment insurance, etc.), behavioral (smoking), environmental
(road density, pollutants, air quality, temperature, precipitation), topographical
(altitude, altitudinal range, slope) and demographic (over 65 years, race, sex,
number of doctors and nurses, hospitals) attributes.
These variables were processed using a family of spatial regression and
autoregressive models. The authors conclude that environmental factors are not
shown to have a substantial influence on the incidence of COVID-19.
50. STUDIES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE AND
COVID-19 TO PROJECT
The virus's spread The first projection of the global dispersion of COVID-19 was
proposed by in January 2020 from air passenger transport, who identified
Thailand, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea as the main sources of dispersion.
Additionally, taking into account previous studies conducted to predict the spread
of influenza and SARS-CoV from climate variables, two publications attempting to
predict the potential spread of COVID-19 appeared in early March 2020.
50
51. 51
One of them, with a global scope, considered the temperature at two meters above
the surface, relative humidity, specific humidity and absolute humidity and the
other, with a national scope, using data from the 100 Chinese cities with more than
40 cases recorded in January, used air temperature and humidity.
It also identified that between March and April the main areas at risk of virus
dispersion were Manchuria, Central Asia, the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, Central
Europe, the British Isles, the northeast and middle east of the USA, and British
Columbia, a result that agrees somewhat with the main areas of expansion of the
virus at an international level.
Cont…
52. Geospatial big data refers to spatial data sets exceeding the capacity
of current computing systems, Having information on human mobility
patterns from mobile phones, or the registration of global flight
networks, is fundamental to epidemiological modeling.
GIS has played a key role by rapidly aggregating big data from multiple
sources, quickly visualizing epidemic information, spatially tracking
confirmed cases, predicting regional transmission, spatially
segregating epidemic risk and level of prevention, balancing and
managing supply and demand for material resources and socio-
emotional guidance and elimination of panic, which provided strong
spatial information support for decision making, formulating measures
and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control of COVID-19
cases.
Social network data is also being used to measure and understand the
geographic structure of social networks . 52
53. Web map viewers are playing a very important role in the dissemination and
provision of (official) information on COVID-19. They are very effective for the
spatial representation of the pandemic and its evolution, both for specialized
and non-specialized Internet users.
Scientists reviewed the different web mapping applications on COVID-19
available in January and February. Since then, more viewers have been
created; each country has its own viewer, often with detailed information at
the provincial or local level.
Powerful media outlets mapping their information include The New York
Times, South China Morning Post, El Pais, Yomiuri shimbun, Le Monde, and
the BBC, all of which have their sections highlighted with eloquent
interactive maps and graphics, and receive large numbers of daily visits.
53
54. The World Health Organization formally announced the global COVID-
19 pandemic on March 11, 2020 due to widespread infections. In this
study, COVID-19 cases in India were critically analyzed during the pre-
lockdown (PLD), lockdown (LD), and unlock (UL) phases.
Method: Analyses were conducted using geospatial technology at
district, state, and country levels, and comparisons were also made with
other countries throughout the world that had the highest infection rates.
India had the third highest infection rate in the world after the USA and
Brazil during UL2.0–UL3.0 phases, the second highest after the USA
during UL4.0–UL5.0 phases, and the highest among South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries in PLD–UL5.0
period.
54
55. RUSULTS
•The trend in the number of COVID-19 cases was associated with the population
density where higher numbers tended to be record in the eastern, southern, and west–
central parts of India.
•The death rate in India throughout the pandemic period under study was lower than
the global average. Kerala reported the maximum number of infections during PLD
whereas Maharashtra had the highest numbers during all LD and UL phases.
• Eighty percent of the cases in India were concentrated mainly in highly populous
districts.
•Utilization of geographic information system (GIS) data for understanding the
spread of COVID-19 infections
55
58. India is a part of the Asian continent and it is situated between 8◦ 4' N to
37◦ 6' N latitude and 68◦ 7' E to 97◦ 25' E longitude, with a total
population of 1,210,854,977 according to Indian census data from 2011
and a total land area of 3,287,590 km2. India is the seventh largest
country by area throughout the world and the second most populous
country. India has a federal structure with 28 states and nine union
territories. The major cities in India are Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai,
Kolkata, Bengaluru and Hyderabad. Currently, 34 international airports
operate in India.
COVID-19 data were collected for diagnosed infected cases and
recovered cases, and the total deaths in India during the period
from January 30 to October 31, 2020. Daily data for cumulative
confirmed, recovered, and death (CRD) cases were obtained from
the “covid19india” website
58
59. 59
(https://www.covid19i
ndia.org). Census data
were obtained from the
Office of the Registrar
General and Census
Commis- sioner of
India,
(https://censusindia.go
v.in/2011census/popu-
lation_enumeration.htm
l). Data regarding
confirmed and death
cases for other countries
were downloaded from
the WHO coronavirus
disease dashboard
(https://covid19.who.i
nt/). Other data were
collected from peer
reviewed research
studies on COVID-19 in
India and other parts of
62. 62
How GIS Can Help Leaders Achieve Equitable, Speedy
Vaccine Distribution
Reliance on GIS during the COVID-19 response included real-time data sharing, analysis,
visualization, and planning—capabilities key to equitable and speedy vaccine distribution.
Key Takeaways
Location intelligence is central to vaccination distribution efforts.
Modern GIS supports engagement with stakeholders and the public.
Dashboards provide real-time awareness and transparency.
63. 63
1. Identify Facilities Capable of Storing and Distributing the Vaccine
Both of the leading vaccine candidates require cold storage, with one requiring ultra-cold storage at -70
degrees Celsius. Other factors such as parking, accessibility to vulnerable populations, distance from
vaccine production facilities, traffic, and overall venue size will also impact which facilities can properly
store and distribute a vaccine.
“I would expect that kind of cold storage to be available at large hospitals, scientific research facilities,
and some large pharmacies.”
Second will be those who work in essential jobs that keep society running (e.g. emergency and law
enforcement personnel, food packaging and distribution workers, teachers and school staff, and childcare
providers).
A larger vaccine supply is expected to be available to support Phase 2 of the distribution process. In that
phase, additional facilities will be needed such as private provider offices, worksites, clinics, hospitals,
health departments, retail settings, and senior centers. Mapping the breadth of potential facilities in the
vaccination process is the first step to ensuring adequate population coverage.
64. 64
2. Identify and Prioritize Critical Populations
There won’t be enough doses of the vaccine immediately, so it’s important to be
both strategic and ethical with the available resources. The proposed
prioritization, as described above, ensures critical infrastructure workers—
those most likely to be exposed to COVID-19—are first to be vaccinated.
The next group prioritized are those at increased risk for severe disease or
death from COVID-19. This includes people in congregate living situations such
as nursing homes and assisted living facilities, those who have underlying
medical conditions or risk factors for severe disease like obesity, cancer and
diabetes, and adults age 65 years and older.
65. 65
3. Identify Gaps in Access and Formulate Alternative
Distribution Options
After communities have identified potential vaccine distribution facilities along
with critical populations to prioritize, they will be able to see potential gaps and
evaluate solution scenarios for mitigation.
It is possible and perhaps likely that in Phase 2 of the vaccine distribution plan,
the general population’s desire to be vaccinated will overrun capacity in
vaccination venues. Government leaders will have options to increase capacity
by engaging new partners in the process and/or by siting Points of Dispensing
(PODs) in strategic locations to meet demand. GIS technology has long been
used for various types of site selection and is especially useful when considering
complex criteria, such as accessibility, population makeup, ingress and egress,
budget, and more.
66. 66
4. Implement a Vaccine Management and Inventory System
Both of the current vaccine candidates require two doses for immunity against
COVID-19. However, the time between doses is different for each vaccine
candidate and the vaccines are not interchangeable. Therefore, it will be
essential to understand who has received the first dose of a vaccination, which
vaccine they received, and when they are due for the second dose.
For this, healthcare providers and/or governments will need a quick and accurate
data capture system that records individual vaccination information along with the
barcode identifying the vaccine carton and/or vial. The data capture system will
need to keep pace with the fast-moving vaccination process and support tracking of
vaccine supply, expiration dates, and any potential adverse events.
67. 67
5. Provide Transparency and Accurate Communication
As vaccines are distributed, states and communities will need to know how
well each facility is doing in executing the plan, monitoring whether their
populations are experiencing adverse events, and tracking the proportion of the
community that has been vaccinated.
https://www.esri.com/about/newsroom/blog/gis-to-achieve-equitable-speedy-
vaccine-distribution/
68. 68
U -SAFE AND SAVE OUR COUNTRY AS WELL AS WORLD
THANK U TO ALL
JAI HIND