ABSTRACT: This paper is about the idea of a Malay Muslim scholar on integrating science with religion, education and community. For this study, researchers have observed the ideas of a Malay woman thinker and the discussion that has contributed to the development of the knowledge. Prof Dr Khalijah Mohd Salleh was a scientist in physics. She was elected as an eminent figure for this study as she was a scientist who had played an important role in mobilizing an idea that is worth in creating the embodiment, correction and establishment of the facts that do not stray from the path of Islam, based on the Oneness of Allah, through what has been set in the Quran and the Hadith. She was one of those involved in developing Tawhidic Science idea. Science is universal and there is no separation between science and Islam. The contribution of Muslim scholars towards the establishment of Tauhidik Science is a reflection of their concerns which is significant in shaping human development, education and Muslim belief. In addition, it becomes a fort strong enough to prevent all forms of abuse against Islam towards the development of Malay civilization.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Highlights of The Concept of Islamic Education Majid 'Irsan Al-KilaniQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This article tries to reveal the concept of Islamic Education Majid Irsan al-Kilani, namely through the analysis of the five papers he is closely linked to education, among other things: 1) Ahdaf alTarbiyah al-Islamiyya fi Tarbiyah al-Fard wa Ikhraj al-Umma wa Tan-Miyah al-Ukhuwwah al-Insaniyyah (Vision-Mission of the Islamic Education in Teaching Personal, cadres of the People and Develop Fraternity Human Brotherhood), 2) philosophy of al-MT al-Islamiyya: Dirasah Muqāranah Baina philosophy of alTarbiyahal-Islamiyya wa al-philosophy al-Tarbawiyyah al-Mu'ashirah (Philosophy of Islamic Education: A Comparative Study of Islamic Education Philosophy and Contemporary Educational Philosophy), 3) al-Fikr alTarbawi 'inda Ibn Taimiyyah (Islamic Educational Thought Perspective of Ibnu Taimiyyah), 4) Hakadza zahara Jil Shalah al-Din wa Hakadza 'Adat al-Quds (Emerging Shalahudin Generation and the return of al-Aqsa), 5) Tathawwur understand al-Nazhariyyat al-Tarbawiyyah al-Islamiyya (History conception of Educational Islamic epistimologi).
This document discusses applying an epistemological integration approach to various disciplines. It begins by defining worldview and epistemology from an Islamic perspective. It then discusses methodology as a process for integrating revealed knowledge from the Quran and hadiths with empirical knowledge gained from human experience. Several scholars who have advocated for integrating secular and Islamic knowledge are mentioned. Models for integration are discussed, including Al-Faruqi's 12-step strategy. Key principles of methodology for integration are achieving internal consistency, adopting Quranic authority, applying epistemological integration, and employing higher Islamic values. Challenges of knowledge integration, such as priorities in research areas and funding, are also outlined. The conclusion emphasizes integrating mainstream and footnote knowledge and
The document discusses utilizing postmodern theoretical paradigms to close achievement gaps and increase student success in public education in America. It argues that postmodernism can help address issues like inequities, cultural biases, and unequal opportunities that contribute to achievement gaps. The authors suggest postmodernism provides tools to critique power structures inherent in education systems and promote more inclusive practices to better support all students.
Early Muslims were able to embellish their civilization with great achievements in the areas of science and
technology. The Holy Qur‟an not only speaks about spirituality but also on science and the natural world. The
Qur‟an was the driving force in encouraging the Muslim scholars to go into science and research. The zeal to
understand the hidden message of Allah, in the natural world, made them learn from contributions made by earlier
civilizations. In taking knowledge from others, early Muslims used the methodology of adopt, adapt and integrate.
During their heydays, Muslim scholars were pioneers in many areas of knowledge and sciences; natural and
social. The peak of Islamic civilization drew Europeans scholars to their centers of learning. In modern times, the
European renaissance movement which started in the 14
th
century got the impetus from the culture of learning,
doing research and exploration that was shown by the Muslim scholars of the Golden Age of Islam (750-1258).
The decline of the Islamic empires and the internal conflicts within the Ummah in some ways made the Muslims
to lag behind others in science and technology. This paper intends to explore the ideas of Iqbal (1873 -1938) on
science and what are the obstacles highlighted by him that hindered the Muslims‟ march towards making this
world a better place for them and others as well.
This document discusses emphasizing morals, values, ethics, and character education in science education. It argues that rapid advances in science and technology, as well as increased societal complexities, underline the importance of including these components in science education. The author examines challenges in teaching ethics and proposes developing a theoretical framework that draws upon both Western moral education philosophies and universal Islamic values to increase acceptability. A range of teaching techniques are suggested to foster ethics in students and develop skills needed for success in science.
The document discusses six schools of thought - Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, Naturalism, and Existentialism. It provides brief highlights and weaknesses for each. Idealism sees reality as dependent on the mind. Realism sees laws of the world as independent of humans. Pragmatism sees reality as the sum of experiences through experimentation. Naturalism believes natural laws govern life and individual goals are more important than societal ones. Existentialism centers on individual existence and truth being from personal experience.
This document discusses the educational ideas of ancient Chinese academies and their relevance to modern higher education. It outlines some key ideas of ancient academies, including their independence in governance by famous scholars, emphasis on academic freedom and open debate, focus on moral cultivation and developing students' character, and prioritization of teacher-student relationships. The document argues these ideas from ancient academies, such as autonomy, student-centered learning, academic atmosphere, and moral development, can provide guidance to address current issues in Chinese universities like over-administration and insufficient focus on character building. Learning from ancient academies' educational philosophies may help reform and improve higher education quality and talent cultivation in China.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Highlights of The Concept of Islamic Education Majid 'Irsan Al-KilaniQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This article tries to reveal the concept of Islamic Education Majid Irsan al-Kilani, namely through the analysis of the five papers he is closely linked to education, among other things: 1) Ahdaf alTarbiyah al-Islamiyya fi Tarbiyah al-Fard wa Ikhraj al-Umma wa Tan-Miyah al-Ukhuwwah al-Insaniyyah (Vision-Mission of the Islamic Education in Teaching Personal, cadres of the People and Develop Fraternity Human Brotherhood), 2) philosophy of al-MT al-Islamiyya: Dirasah Muqāranah Baina philosophy of alTarbiyahal-Islamiyya wa al-philosophy al-Tarbawiyyah al-Mu'ashirah (Philosophy of Islamic Education: A Comparative Study of Islamic Education Philosophy and Contemporary Educational Philosophy), 3) al-Fikr alTarbawi 'inda Ibn Taimiyyah (Islamic Educational Thought Perspective of Ibnu Taimiyyah), 4) Hakadza zahara Jil Shalah al-Din wa Hakadza 'Adat al-Quds (Emerging Shalahudin Generation and the return of al-Aqsa), 5) Tathawwur understand al-Nazhariyyat al-Tarbawiyyah al-Islamiyya (History conception of Educational Islamic epistimologi).
This document discusses applying an epistemological integration approach to various disciplines. It begins by defining worldview and epistemology from an Islamic perspective. It then discusses methodology as a process for integrating revealed knowledge from the Quran and hadiths with empirical knowledge gained from human experience. Several scholars who have advocated for integrating secular and Islamic knowledge are mentioned. Models for integration are discussed, including Al-Faruqi's 12-step strategy. Key principles of methodology for integration are achieving internal consistency, adopting Quranic authority, applying epistemological integration, and employing higher Islamic values. Challenges of knowledge integration, such as priorities in research areas and funding, are also outlined. The conclusion emphasizes integrating mainstream and footnote knowledge and
The document discusses utilizing postmodern theoretical paradigms to close achievement gaps and increase student success in public education in America. It argues that postmodernism can help address issues like inequities, cultural biases, and unequal opportunities that contribute to achievement gaps. The authors suggest postmodernism provides tools to critique power structures inherent in education systems and promote more inclusive practices to better support all students.
Early Muslims were able to embellish their civilization with great achievements in the areas of science and
technology. The Holy Qur‟an not only speaks about spirituality but also on science and the natural world. The
Qur‟an was the driving force in encouraging the Muslim scholars to go into science and research. The zeal to
understand the hidden message of Allah, in the natural world, made them learn from contributions made by earlier
civilizations. In taking knowledge from others, early Muslims used the methodology of adopt, adapt and integrate.
During their heydays, Muslim scholars were pioneers in many areas of knowledge and sciences; natural and
social. The peak of Islamic civilization drew Europeans scholars to their centers of learning. In modern times, the
European renaissance movement which started in the 14
th
century got the impetus from the culture of learning,
doing research and exploration that was shown by the Muslim scholars of the Golden Age of Islam (750-1258).
The decline of the Islamic empires and the internal conflicts within the Ummah in some ways made the Muslims
to lag behind others in science and technology. This paper intends to explore the ideas of Iqbal (1873 -1938) on
science and what are the obstacles highlighted by him that hindered the Muslims‟ march towards making this
world a better place for them and others as well.
This document discusses emphasizing morals, values, ethics, and character education in science education. It argues that rapid advances in science and technology, as well as increased societal complexities, underline the importance of including these components in science education. The author examines challenges in teaching ethics and proposes developing a theoretical framework that draws upon both Western moral education philosophies and universal Islamic values to increase acceptability. A range of teaching techniques are suggested to foster ethics in students and develop skills needed for success in science.
The document discusses six schools of thought - Idealism, Realism, Pragmatism, Naturalism, and Existentialism. It provides brief highlights and weaknesses for each. Idealism sees reality as dependent on the mind. Realism sees laws of the world as independent of humans. Pragmatism sees reality as the sum of experiences through experimentation. Naturalism believes natural laws govern life and individual goals are more important than societal ones. Existentialism centers on individual existence and truth being from personal experience.
This document discusses the educational ideas of ancient Chinese academies and their relevance to modern higher education. It outlines some key ideas of ancient academies, including their independence in governance by famous scholars, emphasis on academic freedom and open debate, focus on moral cultivation and developing students' character, and prioritization of teacher-student relationships. The document argues these ideas from ancient academies, such as autonomy, student-centered learning, academic atmosphere, and moral development, can provide guidance to address current issues in Chinese universities like over-administration and insufficient focus on character building. Learning from ancient academies' educational philosophies may help reform and improve higher education quality and talent cultivation in China.
The Attitude and Positions of Insider and Outsiders in Islamic StudiesAJHSSR Journal
This document summarizes the differences between insider and outsider perspectives in Islamic studies. Insiders, or Muslims studying their own religion, view Islam through a theological lens as an absolute revealed truth. Outsiders, like Western scholars, take a more historical and empirical approach. The main challenges are balancing subjectivity and objectivity. Insider perspectives provide emic understanding but can lack objectivity, while outsider perspectives aim for etic objectivity but risk distant analysis. Both perspectives have value, as outsider research contributes scientific ideas while insider essential knowledge enriches understanding.
An examination on the contributions of islam to sciences and civilizationAlexander Decker
This document discusses the contributions of Islam to science and civilization. It begins by establishing that seeking knowledge is obligatory in Islam and the Quran encourages the acquisition of scientific knowledge. It then examines how the early Muslims established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad as a center for science and learning. The document provides examples of scientific fields addressed in the Quran like biology, botany, and physics. It analyzes how the Islamic Golden Age saw advances made by Muslim scientists in fields like mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and geography. The summary concludes that Islam played a central role in developing early intellectual and scientific progress.
An examination on the contributions of islam to sciences and civilizationAlexander Decker
This document discusses the contributions of Islam to science and civilization. It begins by noting that Islam places a high value on the acquisition of knowledge, both spiritual and material. It then discusses how early Muslims established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad as a center for science. The document provides examples of scientific concepts discussed in the Quran, including the creation of the heavens and earth. It also examines the evolution of science in the Islamic world from the 8th to 16th centuries, when major advances were made in fields like mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and agriculture. In conclusion, the document argues that seeking knowledge is obligatory in Islam and that the early Muslims helped incorporate science and culture from other civilizations to advance humanity.
Ppt pengantar sesi teologi Islam psikologiarifahnabilah2
Islamic theology emerged to address religious questions arising internally from the Quran and hadith, and externally from interactions with other faiths and philosophies. Early theological movements included the Khawarij, Murji'ah, Qadariyah-Jabariyah, Mu'tazilah, Ash'ariyah and Maturidiyyah. The development of Islamic theology was influenced by both internal Islamic doctrinal debates and the exchange of ideas with external Greek, Christian, Jewish, Persian and Indian thought.
Exploring Islamic Philosophy: Unveiling its Background, Key Concepts, Origina...maryam Rashid
Islamic philosophy, a vibrant and intellectually rich tradition, represents a synthesis of diverse philosophical currents within the Islamic world. Rooted in the Islamic Golden Age, this philosophical discourse emerged as scholars sought to reconcile the tenets of Islamic theology with the wisdom of classical Greek, Persian, and Indian philosophical traditions.
At its core, Islamic philosophy engages with fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, morality, and the divine. The synthesis of reason ('aql) and revelation (naql) is a defining characteristic, emphasizing the compatibility of rational inquiry with Islamic teachings. Scholars within this tradition have explored a wide array of topics, including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and theology.
Key concepts in Islamic philosophy include the nature of God, the relationship between faith and reason, the concept of free will, and the pursuit of virtue. Intellectual luminaries like Al-Farabi, Avicenna, and Averroes played pivotal roles in shaping this philosophical tradition, contributing to its development and dissemination.
Islamic philosophy's strengths lie in its encouragement of critical thinking and intellectual exploration. The integration of diverse philosophical traditions provides a comprehensive worldview, allowing scholars to approach complex metaphysical and ethical questions with nuance. The tradition also seeks to harmonize reason and revelation, fostering a holistic understanding of the world.
However, Islamic philosophy faces certain limitations. Tensions between reason and orthodoxy within Islamic scholarship, as well as reservations about the assimilation of external philosophical ideas, pose challenges. Additionally, external factors such as geopolitical dynamics and colonial legacies may impact the extent to which Islamic philosophy can flourish in contemporary contexts.
In summary, Islamic philosophy stands as a testament to the intellectual curiosity and synthesis of diverse traditions within the Islamic world. It continues to be a source of exploration, providing a framework for scholars to engage in profound inquiries that bridge the realms of reason and spirituality.
1) Islamic education aims to nurture students' intellectual, behavioral, spiritual, and physical development in a balanced manner to produce righteous individuals who bring goodness to this world and the hereafter.
2) It seeks to inculcate noble character, teach good deeds, and train students to be courteous and good people through educating areas like faith, character-building, physical education, life skills, intellect, and social skills.
3) Notable Islamic philosophers who contributed to Islamic educational philosophy include Ibn Rushd, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Farabi. They emphasized knowledge coming from revelation and reason, and education aiming to seek God's will.
The Evolution of Islamic Learning: Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Sc...faizalkhan1393
Islamic learning has undergone significant evolution over the centuries, reflecting the interplay between tradition and modernity. In contemporary scholarship, this evolution continues, as scholars grapple with the challenges of interpreting Islamic texts and principles in the context of a rapidly changing world.
An introduction to avicenna’s thoughts on educational methodsAlexander Decker
This document provides an introduction to the educational methods proposed by Avicenna, a famous Muslim scientist. It discusses Avicenna's views on various methods including collective-cooperative learning, observation and experimentation, rewarding and punishing students, modeling good behaviors, practicing learned materials, questioning and debates, memorization, advising students, and encouraging moral development. The document also briefly introduces Avicenna's background and accomplishments. He made major contributions across many fields including philosophy, medicine, and education. Avicenna proposed that education should be grounded in religion but also emphasize rational thinking. His educational perspectives were humanistic and aimed at helping students achieve self-actualization and salvation.
Islamic Education - Inside Vs. Outside Perspective (download ppt to read note...Muhammad Nabeel Musharraf
This document discusses perspectives on Islamic education from inside and outside views. It notes there are differing opinions on what constitutes Islamic education, from a traditional curriculum focused on core Islamic sciences versus a more contemporary issues-based approach. Traditional madrasas focused on subjects like Arabic, fiqh, hadith and tafseer. Reforms have pushed for adding more subjects while maintaining the core. The study also examines perspectives from outside the Islamic world, noting orientalist roots of Western Islamic studies and differences between education in Muslim-majority vs minority countries. It calls for balance between religious and worldly sciences in educational systems.
Philosophical Foundations of Research and the Case of the Epistemic Well in a...Avaniendra chakravartty
Inspired by an ancient tale of kupamanduka (Well Frog) that never ventures out of the well and lives to think the well as the
world, and see nothing beyond it. This article conceptualises the ‘Epistemic Well’ and the native epistemic community that
dwells in it remains within the confines of the epistemic well. Philosophical foundations are the core of each individual
researcher and all research questions, hypothesis, methodologies, recommendations are shaped by it. Particular modes
of governance instil particular modes of philosophies. Under neoliberalism the prevailing philosophical foundations
have been identified as, detached, decontextualized, depoliticized, dehistoricized, dissocialized, deproblematized,
reductionist/individualist, instrumentalization, separation, marketisation, positivist and objectivist. The combination of
these attributes builds the epistemic well. The epistemic well of research is not absolute and is not meant to provide
quantification data. The epistemic well is a reflexive tool that can be used to evaluate a research especially for a nation
like Nepal. The research funds or the benefits that ensues a researcher are important criteria for research. When thinking
of a research topic, the primary determining factor becomes the amount of fund available the gaze of a native researcher
can overlook various conditions and processes. The epistemic community that is formed by these researchers maintain
and sustain particular epistemes. The NCD’s were selected primarily to stick to a cohort but this does not limit the scope
and purpose of the epistemic well.
1. The Muslim world's response to science has varied over different eras - from positive in the medieval era when Muslims greatly advanced fields like algebra and astronomy, to more neutral when Islam first began as it focused on establishing religious beliefs, to currently more negative as Muslims have stopped advancing science and instead often oppose modern trends or try to prove scientific concepts from a religious perspective.
2. In the medieval era after establishing the Islamic empire, Muslims started seriously studying science and made many achievements, but their attitude began changing in more modern times as the West advanced and Muslims declined.
3. Currently most Muslims are not seriously working to advance scientific research and instead spend resources on theological topics, with some rejecting science, some seeing science
This document discusses the relevance of philosophy of science to science education. It makes three key points:
1. Science education currently lacks philosophical guidance, relying too heavily on psychology. Philosophy of science can help address problems in the science curriculum by providing guidance on questions about knowledge and inquiry.
2. The "new" philosophy of science, which challenges logical empiricism, is particularly relevant now and could help redirect the course of science education.
3. Philosophy of science is relevant because it examines the nature and goals of science, how knowledge is established and changes, which are important questions for the science curriculum. The new philosophy may provide principles to guide curriculum development.
Study about the intellectual and philosophical challenges faced byaism hafeez
Students today face various intellectual and philosophical challenges. These include religious fanaticism, Islamophobia, materialism, secularism influences on education. Historically, Muslim students flourished during the Islamic Golden Age but then declined due to colonialism. Western concepts like nationalism replaced Islamic transnationalism. Now, students must address these challenges through understanding the Quran and promoting moderate Islamic teachings of patience, mutual respect among cultures, and not judging all by the actions of a few. This research aims to identify challenges faced by secondary students and ways to resolve them based on Quranic guidance and scholarship.
Islamic methodology refers to the methods used by early Muslim scholars to study religious and scientific subjects based on a combination of revelation and reason. Some key methods included:
1. Collecting and verifying data from the Quran and hadith through reliable narrators and continuous chains of transmission.
2. Consulting scholars and reaching consensus on issues.
3. Using supplementary methods like istihsan (juristic preference), masalih mursalah (public interest), and urf (custom) when direct religious texts did not provide guidance.
4. The traditional Islamic approach was rigorous and holistic, integrating empirical and revealed knowledge, and scholars pursued it with sincerity and commitment to serve humanity
The document discusses the relationship between Islam and science. It describes how science was an integral part of Islamic civilization from the 8th-16th centuries, as nature was seen as a sign from God. Muslim scientists like Ibn al-Haytham pioneered the scientific method. However, some argue traditional interpretations of Islam hindered further scientific advancement after the 15th century. Modern views among Muslims range from complete rejection to full acceptance of science. Interpreting scientific discoveries in the Quran remains controversial.
PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC METHODSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Philosophy is the science of seeking truth. The truth that is sought from each person is different.
the truth as to what is being sought is not always the same and not always different. When something is good for
oneself, then we will say it is true, that is also the truth that is believed. However, every truth needs to be true,
not only by oneself, but also by others in general. Truth must be representative or must represent. Therefore, the
truth needs to be tested and proven through research. The research was conducted using the scientific method.
The scientific method is a way to facilitate and focus on proving the truth. So there is a relationship between
philosophy as a seeker of truth with scientific research methods to prove the truth. So that the truth can be
recognized by everyone, becoming a science that can be adopted or adapted. Science is owned to add insight in
order to improve one's intellectual. So that people do not just say, but there are basics or foundations in
acknowledging or justifying any opinion. The truth that is proven representatively, that is the truth that has
become science, which can be accepted by everyone, after going through a research
KEYWORDS: philosophy; method; scientific
Heritage of Islamic Ethics and Contemporary Issues: A Call for RelevantizationMohammad Manzoor Malik
This study addresses the subject of Islamic ethics from definitional and disciplinary
perspectives. It highlights the need for relevantization of Islamic ethics to
contemporary issues in a systematic manner which, in turn, calls for development of Islamic ethics
as a complete discipline with ability to meet all types of challenges: conceptual, practical,
normative, applicative, etc. Regarding the definitional issue, different from and more expansive
than the traditional understanding of al-ākhlāq, the researcher argues that a proper definition of
ethics should include ethically relevant habits, character, and behavior in its subject matter. As
an academic discipline of paramount, practical significance, Islamic ethics should adequately
address metaethical, normative, and applicative aspects of the subject. In terms of metaethics,
Islamic ethics is derived from revealed knowledge; whereas, principles of Islamic jurisprudence
(usËl al-fīqh) offers the best available methodology for the discipline in meeting demands of
normativity and application. Regarding the nature of the subject of Islamic ethics, the researcher
argues that understanding Islamic ethics as virtue ethics is unjustifiable reduction because a
careful study of the subject from its sources would prove that Islamic ethics is rather an
integrated field comprising of virtues ethics, divine command theory, duty-based ethics, etc.
Therefore, Islamic ethics should be developed, taught, and learned as a whole composite of
above-mentioned elements.
This document summarizes the evolution of Islamic studies as a discipline in both Muslim-majority and Western contexts. It discusses how Islamic studies was traditionally focused on transmitted religious texts and principles in Muslim lands, while taking a more external perspective in the West. Over time, both approaches have evolved, with Western universities incorporating more social science perspectives and Muslim universities introducing more modern subjects, though imbalances remain. The document also traces the historical development of Islamic education institutions from early informal settings to formalized schools and universities under successive Islamic empires.
Here are a few key points from the foreword:
- The author agrees fully with Hoodbhoy's assessment that science is currently weakest in Muslim countries and that religious orthodoxy and intolerance have contributed to this.
- There is only one universal science; the idea of an "Islamic science" does not make sense.
- The "Islamic science" promoted under Zia in Pakistan was a fraud.
- The author agrees with Hoodbhoy's historical account of science in Islam.
- The only criticism is that Hoodbhoy could have developed his arguments for pragmatic solutions more fully.
- Different Muslim countries and regions vary in their ability to support science.
medieval theology and effects of modren science.pptxMuhammadHashami2
here i write about the relationship with various aspects of medieval life, including education, ethics, science, and culture, With modern science.
and some philosophes that lived in medieval age and also i write some effects of theology on philosophy science
On the Use of the Causal Analysis in Small Type Fit Indices of Adult Mathemat...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Model evaluation is one of the most important aspects of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Many model fit indices have been developed. It is not an exaggeration to say that nearly every publication using the SEM methodology has reported at least one fit index. Fit is the ability of a model to reproduce the data in the variance-covariance matrix form. A good fitting model is one that is reasonably consistent with the data and doesn’t require respecification and also its measurement model is required before estimating paths in a covariance structure model. A baseline model of four constructs together with a combination of none, one, two, three or four additional constructs was constructed with latent variables: educational performance, socioeconomic label, self concept and parental authority using dichotomous digits 0 or 1 for each additional construct. 16 progressively nested models were considered starting with baseline model using the mathematics adult learners data from the modeling sample and employing some small fit indexes which are commonly used (AIC, CAIC, RMR, SRMR, RMSEA, 2 / DF among others) [1] to test the fitness of the model. The measures of model fit based on results from analysis of the covariance structure model are presented.
The Sov’reign Shrine of Veiled Melancholy- The Shadow of Consumption on La Be...QUESTJOURNAL
This document summarizes a research paper about John Keats' poem "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" and how it reflects his struggle with tuberculosis. It provides historical context about tuberculosis in the early 19th century, when it was a major epidemic in Europe and seen as linked to creativity. It describes how Keats' life was affected by tuberculosis, with his mother and brother dying from it. Keats himself showed early symptoms of the disease in 1820. The paper analyzes how La Belle Dame Sans Merci can be seen as a representation of tuberculosis and Keats' preoccupation with mortality. It explores how themes of death and the briefness of life were central to Romantic poetry and sensibilities.
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This document summarizes the differences between insider and outsider perspectives in Islamic studies. Insiders, or Muslims studying their own religion, view Islam through a theological lens as an absolute revealed truth. Outsiders, like Western scholars, take a more historical and empirical approach. The main challenges are balancing subjectivity and objectivity. Insider perspectives provide emic understanding but can lack objectivity, while outsider perspectives aim for etic objectivity but risk distant analysis. Both perspectives have value, as outsider research contributes scientific ideas while insider essential knowledge enriches understanding.
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An examination on the contributions of islam to sciences and civilizationAlexander Decker
This document discusses the contributions of Islam to science and civilization. It begins by noting that Islam places a high value on the acquisition of knowledge, both spiritual and material. It then discusses how early Muslims established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad as a center for science. The document provides examples of scientific concepts discussed in the Quran, including the creation of the heavens and earth. It also examines the evolution of science in the Islamic world from the 8th to 16th centuries, when major advances were made in fields like mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and agriculture. In conclusion, the document argues that seeking knowledge is obligatory in Islam and that the early Muslims helped incorporate science and culture from other civilizations to advance humanity.
Ppt pengantar sesi teologi Islam psikologiarifahnabilah2
Islamic theology emerged to address religious questions arising internally from the Quran and hadith, and externally from interactions with other faiths and philosophies. Early theological movements included the Khawarij, Murji'ah, Qadariyah-Jabariyah, Mu'tazilah, Ash'ariyah and Maturidiyyah. The development of Islamic theology was influenced by both internal Islamic doctrinal debates and the exchange of ideas with external Greek, Christian, Jewish, Persian and Indian thought.
Exploring Islamic Philosophy: Unveiling its Background, Key Concepts, Origina...maryam Rashid
Islamic philosophy, a vibrant and intellectually rich tradition, represents a synthesis of diverse philosophical currents within the Islamic world. Rooted in the Islamic Golden Age, this philosophical discourse emerged as scholars sought to reconcile the tenets of Islamic theology with the wisdom of classical Greek, Persian, and Indian philosophical traditions.
At its core, Islamic philosophy engages with fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, morality, and the divine. The synthesis of reason ('aql) and revelation (naql) is a defining characteristic, emphasizing the compatibility of rational inquiry with Islamic teachings. Scholars within this tradition have explored a wide array of topics, including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and theology.
Key concepts in Islamic philosophy include the nature of God, the relationship between faith and reason, the concept of free will, and the pursuit of virtue. Intellectual luminaries like Al-Farabi, Avicenna, and Averroes played pivotal roles in shaping this philosophical tradition, contributing to its development and dissemination.
Islamic philosophy's strengths lie in its encouragement of critical thinking and intellectual exploration. The integration of diverse philosophical traditions provides a comprehensive worldview, allowing scholars to approach complex metaphysical and ethical questions with nuance. The tradition also seeks to harmonize reason and revelation, fostering a holistic understanding of the world.
However, Islamic philosophy faces certain limitations. Tensions between reason and orthodoxy within Islamic scholarship, as well as reservations about the assimilation of external philosophical ideas, pose challenges. Additionally, external factors such as geopolitical dynamics and colonial legacies may impact the extent to which Islamic philosophy can flourish in contemporary contexts.
In summary, Islamic philosophy stands as a testament to the intellectual curiosity and synthesis of diverse traditions within the Islamic world. It continues to be a source of exploration, providing a framework for scholars to engage in profound inquiries that bridge the realms of reason and spirituality.
1) Islamic education aims to nurture students' intellectual, behavioral, spiritual, and physical development in a balanced manner to produce righteous individuals who bring goodness to this world and the hereafter.
2) It seeks to inculcate noble character, teach good deeds, and train students to be courteous and good people through educating areas like faith, character-building, physical education, life skills, intellect, and social skills.
3) Notable Islamic philosophers who contributed to Islamic educational philosophy include Ibn Rushd, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Farabi. They emphasized knowledge coming from revelation and reason, and education aiming to seek God's will.
The Evolution of Islamic Learning: Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Sc...faizalkhan1393
Islamic learning has undergone significant evolution over the centuries, reflecting the interplay between tradition and modernity. In contemporary scholarship, this evolution continues, as scholars grapple with the challenges of interpreting Islamic texts and principles in the context of a rapidly changing world.
An introduction to avicenna’s thoughts on educational methodsAlexander Decker
This document provides an introduction to the educational methods proposed by Avicenna, a famous Muslim scientist. It discusses Avicenna's views on various methods including collective-cooperative learning, observation and experimentation, rewarding and punishing students, modeling good behaviors, practicing learned materials, questioning and debates, memorization, advising students, and encouraging moral development. The document also briefly introduces Avicenna's background and accomplishments. He made major contributions across many fields including philosophy, medicine, and education. Avicenna proposed that education should be grounded in religion but also emphasize rational thinking. His educational perspectives were humanistic and aimed at helping students achieve self-actualization and salvation.
Islamic Education - Inside Vs. Outside Perspective (download ppt to read note...Muhammad Nabeel Musharraf
This document discusses perspectives on Islamic education from inside and outside views. It notes there are differing opinions on what constitutes Islamic education, from a traditional curriculum focused on core Islamic sciences versus a more contemporary issues-based approach. Traditional madrasas focused on subjects like Arabic, fiqh, hadith and tafseer. Reforms have pushed for adding more subjects while maintaining the core. The study also examines perspectives from outside the Islamic world, noting orientalist roots of Western Islamic studies and differences between education in Muslim-majority vs minority countries. It calls for balance between religious and worldly sciences in educational systems.
Philosophical Foundations of Research and the Case of the Epistemic Well in a...Avaniendra chakravartty
Inspired by an ancient tale of kupamanduka (Well Frog) that never ventures out of the well and lives to think the well as the
world, and see nothing beyond it. This article conceptualises the ‘Epistemic Well’ and the native epistemic community that
dwells in it remains within the confines of the epistemic well. Philosophical foundations are the core of each individual
researcher and all research questions, hypothesis, methodologies, recommendations are shaped by it. Particular modes
of governance instil particular modes of philosophies. Under neoliberalism the prevailing philosophical foundations
have been identified as, detached, decontextualized, depoliticized, dehistoricized, dissocialized, deproblematized,
reductionist/individualist, instrumentalization, separation, marketisation, positivist and objectivist. The combination of
these attributes builds the epistemic well. The epistemic well of research is not absolute and is not meant to provide
quantification data. The epistemic well is a reflexive tool that can be used to evaluate a research especially for a nation
like Nepal. The research funds or the benefits that ensues a researcher are important criteria for research. When thinking
of a research topic, the primary determining factor becomes the amount of fund available the gaze of a native researcher
can overlook various conditions and processes. The epistemic community that is formed by these researchers maintain
and sustain particular epistemes. The NCD’s were selected primarily to stick to a cohort but this does not limit the scope
and purpose of the epistemic well.
1. The Muslim world's response to science has varied over different eras - from positive in the medieval era when Muslims greatly advanced fields like algebra and astronomy, to more neutral when Islam first began as it focused on establishing religious beliefs, to currently more negative as Muslims have stopped advancing science and instead often oppose modern trends or try to prove scientific concepts from a religious perspective.
2. In the medieval era after establishing the Islamic empire, Muslims started seriously studying science and made many achievements, but their attitude began changing in more modern times as the West advanced and Muslims declined.
3. Currently most Muslims are not seriously working to advance scientific research and instead spend resources on theological topics, with some rejecting science, some seeing science
This document discusses the relevance of philosophy of science to science education. It makes three key points:
1. Science education currently lacks philosophical guidance, relying too heavily on psychology. Philosophy of science can help address problems in the science curriculum by providing guidance on questions about knowledge and inquiry.
2. The "new" philosophy of science, which challenges logical empiricism, is particularly relevant now and could help redirect the course of science education.
3. Philosophy of science is relevant because it examines the nature and goals of science, how knowledge is established and changes, which are important questions for the science curriculum. The new philosophy may provide principles to guide curriculum development.
Study about the intellectual and philosophical challenges faced byaism hafeez
Students today face various intellectual and philosophical challenges. These include religious fanaticism, Islamophobia, materialism, secularism influences on education. Historically, Muslim students flourished during the Islamic Golden Age but then declined due to colonialism. Western concepts like nationalism replaced Islamic transnationalism. Now, students must address these challenges through understanding the Quran and promoting moderate Islamic teachings of patience, mutual respect among cultures, and not judging all by the actions of a few. This research aims to identify challenges faced by secondary students and ways to resolve them based on Quranic guidance and scholarship.
Islamic methodology refers to the methods used by early Muslim scholars to study religious and scientific subjects based on a combination of revelation and reason. Some key methods included:
1. Collecting and verifying data from the Quran and hadith through reliable narrators and continuous chains of transmission.
2. Consulting scholars and reaching consensus on issues.
3. Using supplementary methods like istihsan (juristic preference), masalih mursalah (public interest), and urf (custom) when direct religious texts did not provide guidance.
4. The traditional Islamic approach was rigorous and holistic, integrating empirical and revealed knowledge, and scholars pursued it with sincerity and commitment to serve humanity
The document discusses the relationship between Islam and science. It describes how science was an integral part of Islamic civilization from the 8th-16th centuries, as nature was seen as a sign from God. Muslim scientists like Ibn al-Haytham pioneered the scientific method. However, some argue traditional interpretations of Islam hindered further scientific advancement after the 15th century. Modern views among Muslims range from complete rejection to full acceptance of science. Interpreting scientific discoveries in the Quran remains controversial.
PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC METHODSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Philosophy is the science of seeking truth. The truth that is sought from each person is different.
the truth as to what is being sought is not always the same and not always different. When something is good for
oneself, then we will say it is true, that is also the truth that is believed. However, every truth needs to be true,
not only by oneself, but also by others in general. Truth must be representative or must represent. Therefore, the
truth needs to be tested and proven through research. The research was conducted using the scientific method.
The scientific method is a way to facilitate and focus on proving the truth. So there is a relationship between
philosophy as a seeker of truth with scientific research methods to prove the truth. So that the truth can be
recognized by everyone, becoming a science that can be adopted or adapted. Science is owned to add insight in
order to improve one's intellectual. So that people do not just say, but there are basics or foundations in
acknowledging or justifying any opinion. The truth that is proven representatively, that is the truth that has
become science, which can be accepted by everyone, after going through a research
KEYWORDS: philosophy; method; scientific
Heritage of Islamic Ethics and Contemporary Issues: A Call for RelevantizationMohammad Manzoor Malik
This study addresses the subject of Islamic ethics from definitional and disciplinary
perspectives. It highlights the need for relevantization of Islamic ethics to
contemporary issues in a systematic manner which, in turn, calls for development of Islamic ethics
as a complete discipline with ability to meet all types of challenges: conceptual, practical,
normative, applicative, etc. Regarding the definitional issue, different from and more expansive
than the traditional understanding of al-ākhlāq, the researcher argues that a proper definition of
ethics should include ethically relevant habits, character, and behavior in its subject matter. As
an academic discipline of paramount, practical significance, Islamic ethics should adequately
address metaethical, normative, and applicative aspects of the subject. In terms of metaethics,
Islamic ethics is derived from revealed knowledge; whereas, principles of Islamic jurisprudence
(usËl al-fīqh) offers the best available methodology for the discipline in meeting demands of
normativity and application. Regarding the nature of the subject of Islamic ethics, the researcher
argues that understanding Islamic ethics as virtue ethics is unjustifiable reduction because a
careful study of the subject from its sources would prove that Islamic ethics is rather an
integrated field comprising of virtues ethics, divine command theory, duty-based ethics, etc.
Therefore, Islamic ethics should be developed, taught, and learned as a whole composite of
above-mentioned elements.
This document summarizes the evolution of Islamic studies as a discipline in both Muslim-majority and Western contexts. It discusses how Islamic studies was traditionally focused on transmitted religious texts and principles in Muslim lands, while taking a more external perspective in the West. Over time, both approaches have evolved, with Western universities incorporating more social science perspectives and Muslim universities introducing more modern subjects, though imbalances remain. The document also traces the historical development of Islamic education institutions from early informal settings to formalized schools and universities under successive Islamic empires.
Here are a few key points from the foreword:
- The author agrees fully with Hoodbhoy's assessment that science is currently weakest in Muslim countries and that religious orthodoxy and intolerance have contributed to this.
- There is only one universal science; the idea of an "Islamic science" does not make sense.
- The "Islamic science" promoted under Zia in Pakistan was a fraud.
- The author agrees with Hoodbhoy's historical account of science in Islam.
- The only criticism is that Hoodbhoy could have developed his arguments for pragmatic solutions more fully.
- Different Muslim countries and regions vary in their ability to support science.
medieval theology and effects of modren science.pptxMuhammadHashami2
here i write about the relationship with various aspects of medieval life, including education, ethics, science, and culture, With modern science.
and some philosophes that lived in medieval age and also i write some effects of theology on philosophy science
Similar to Integrating Science with Religion, Education and Community Based on the Idea of A Malay Woman Physicist (20)
On the Use of the Causal Analysis in Small Type Fit Indices of Adult Mathemat...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Model evaluation is one of the most important aspects of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Many model fit indices have been developed. It is not an exaggeration to say that nearly every publication using the SEM methodology has reported at least one fit index. Fit is the ability of a model to reproduce the data in the variance-covariance matrix form. A good fitting model is one that is reasonably consistent with the data and doesn’t require respecification and also its measurement model is required before estimating paths in a covariance structure model. A baseline model of four constructs together with a combination of none, one, two, three or four additional constructs was constructed with latent variables: educational performance, socioeconomic label, self concept and parental authority using dichotomous digits 0 or 1 for each additional construct. 16 progressively nested models were considered starting with baseline model using the mathematics adult learners data from the modeling sample and employing some small fit indexes which are commonly used (AIC, CAIC, RMR, SRMR, RMSEA, 2 / DF among others) [1] to test the fitness of the model. The measures of model fit based on results from analysis of the covariance structure model are presented.
The Sov’reign Shrine of Veiled Melancholy- The Shadow of Consumption on La Be...QUESTJOURNAL
This document summarizes a research paper about John Keats' poem "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" and how it reflects his struggle with tuberculosis. It provides historical context about tuberculosis in the early 19th century, when it was a major epidemic in Europe and seen as linked to creativity. It describes how Keats' life was affected by tuberculosis, with his mother and brother dying from it. Keats himself showed early symptoms of the disease in 1820. The paper analyzes how La Belle Dame Sans Merci can be seen as a representation of tuberculosis and Keats' preoccupation with mortality. It explores how themes of death and the briefness of life were central to Romantic poetry and sensibilities.
Recruitment Practices And Staff Performance In Public Universities: A Case St...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of any organization irrespective of its size and location. Public Universities, known to train professionals that exhibit transformative leadership and successfully run blue-chip companies have equally suffered from rampart industrial unrest and human resource malpractices across Kenya. Could it be a unique trend of organizational deviance that could be reflecting absence of a well executed staff recruitment practice? While it is understood and accepted that poor recruitment decisions continue to affect organizational performance and limit goal achievement, knowledge about this aspect in Public Universities remains scanty. The aim of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how recruitment practices affect performance of administrative staff in Public Universities using Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya as a case reference. A cross-sectional survey design was employed while sampling strategy was a blend of multiphase, stratified and purposive sampling. A sample size of 124 out of 1150 comprised mainly of administrative staff was used and that a questionnaire was the principal tool of data collection. Results were analyzed using frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and simple linear regression. The study found that a recruitment policy existed at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and that both external and internal recruitment practices were used to recruit employees at the University. However, it was noted that most of the university employees are recruited through media advert, internal advertisement, through transfers and promotions. The results of the regression indicated that recruitment practices are a significant predictor of employee performance, which was explained by 32% of variance and a moderate relationship captured by beta weight value of 0.57. On effectiveness of the recruitment policy, only 30% rated it as effective while 62% were indifferent and 8% rated it ineffective. The study concluded that although a significant relationship between recruitment practices and employee performance existed, it’s effectiveness and therefore positive impact on employee performance depended on employees’ positive perception and rating. It’s recommended that the Universities should avoid biasness in the recruitment process as this will negatively impact on employee performance.
Pesse Na Siri’ Budgetary System: A Historiography Study of Luwu Kingdom in Is...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to explore the budgetary system of pesse na siri’ at Luwu kingdom in the Islamic period of 1593 to 1945. Through the historiography method, it showed the base existence of the spiritual sense sensitivity, i.e., pesse (empathy) and siri’ (shame) and Islamic law in budgetary system. In the resources management, it was carried out in four stages, namely planning, implementation, reporting, and evaluation. Operationally, the pesse na siri’ budgetary system on the mobilization mechanism of resources or budget (balanca) through the top down system (i.e., known as balanca pole riwawo) and bottom up system (i.e., known as balanca pole riawa). The top down system was a mobilization resource form from agricultural products of the king’s land (i.e., known in Buginese language as Tanana datue) and the palace logistic. Meanwhile, the bottom up came from the resource offer–i.e., known as makkasiwiyang–mechanism, consisting of makkasiwiyang lili’ (the lower government level), makkasiwiyang ale (personal/individual), and makkasiwiyang reso (labor). One of the Islamic impacts in this system was to direct the budgetary system based on the Shari’a or Islamic law.
Fabrication of Complete Dentures for A Patient with Resorbed Mandibular Anter...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The loose and unstable lower complete denture is one of the most common problems faced by denture patients with highly resorbed ridge. The management of such highly resorbed ridges has always posed a difficulty to the prosthodontist.Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has longbeen a challenge for dental profession. The simplest approach often is to extend the denture base adequately for proper use of all available tisues.To achieve this goal impression of the resorbed mandibular ridge is very important. The objective is to develop a physiologic impression with maximum support of both hard and soft tissues.In such cases, an innovative technique of impressionmaking by using a close fitting tray and anelastomeric impression material tomake a proper impression to achieve maximum retentionand stability.This article describes an impression technique used for highly resorbed mandibular ridge using an all green impression technique, to gain maximum retention andstability
Steganographic Technique Using Instant Messaging Conversation DynamicsQUESTJOURNAL
This document discusses a steganographic technique for hiding secret messages in instant messaging conversations. It proposes encoding messages in the time stamps of messages and the order they are sent. The technique was tested using a custom instant messaging web service. Tests showed it was possible to encode short messages in real conversations with minimal impact on conversation flow, but transmission speed was relatively slow, with a few hundred characters sent per hour. The technique allows for one-way or two-way hidden communications within a conversation.
Simple Obfuscation Tool for Software ProtectionQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the issue of source code obfuscation and also the creation of a tool for automatic obfuscation of source code written in C language. The result is a tool that performs both data flow and control flow obfuscation and allows the user to configure the applied transformation algorithm. For easier and better usability the tool provides a graphical user interface, which brings possibility to control and configure transformation process.
Block Hybrid Method for the Solution of General Second Order Ordinary Differe...QUESTJOURNAL
The document is a research paper that proposes a block hybrid method for solving general second order ordinary differential equations. It derives a 3rd order uniform block hybrid method based on Hermite polynomial basis functions. The method is obtained by interpolating and collocating a continuous formulation at certain points to form a system of equations. The method is then applied in block form as a simultaneous integrator. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
Modeling – Based Instructional Strategy for Enhancing Problem Solving Ability...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The modeling-based instructional framework accommodates the physics modeling mechanism in which the learner apply the fundamental principles in physics and develop an idealized physics model of the real world situation by means of assumptions and approximations. The present study was intended to find out the effectiveness of Modeling-based instructional strategy for enhancing physics problem solving ability of students at secondary school level. The investigator adopted a quasi-experimental method with two group pretest post-test design for the study. The sample selected for the study consisted of 242 IX standard students from three different schools of Palakkad district. The tools used for collecting the data were the Problem Solving Ability Test in Physics, lesson designs based on Modeling-based instructional strategy and activity oriented method. The findings of the study concluded that the Modeling-based instructional strategy enhanced the problem solving ability of students of secondary school level. And also the strategy scaffolded the formation of mental models of problem representations with in the cognitive structure of the learner.
Exploring the Effectiveness of the Arabic LanguageTeaching Methods in Indones...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research work is to identify the effectiveness of the Arabic language teaching methods in Indonesia(National University of Malang for Sample)in terms of making use of Arabic as a medium of communication among the students in the light of the modern approaches in teaching and learning of Arabic language. This research is methodologically characterized as a descriptive, analytical, evaluative and field research work. In order to arrive at the purpose of this study, a questionnaire has been designed and carried out on a specimen from the teachers of the concerned university. Eventually, the study has arrived into a finding that the method used in the university is the Eclectic Method (i.e. Selective Method), except that translation is utilized extensively with it, and it might influentially cause the depreciation of the communication skill of the students, and the major intermediary language for the Arabic language teaching is the Indonesian language. However, its uncontrolled over-usage in the Arabic language teaching procedure may negatively cause the weakness of the students in the listening and speaking skills, since they could not get enough opportunity to practice them during language learning, in addition to the fact that the teachers might be employed as Arabic language teachers on the basis of their high conversance with the grammatical rules of Arabic language and not on their skills in the Arabic language communication medium.
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
ABSTRACT: The purpose of Larkin as literary artist was to convey his ultimate message that man has to transcend the gross environment for the attainment for final goal. His poem opens with important question which prompt us to scrutinize ourselves. According to Philip Larkin “when you come to talk about once duty as writer then ones can say that his duty is to write for harmony”. In this paper there an urge in Larkin’s poem to attain transcendental knowledge by which everything is known. The meaningful change in environment through literature result from the development of qualities and attitude that foster constructive pattern of human interaction through literature. In an age of highly industrialized and mechanized structure of our society where we have 'given our hearts away a sordid boon' and where all spiritual values have been thrown overboard, the relevance of selecting this topic "Spiritual Quest in Philip Larkin" becomes important. In Larkin's poetry there is invariably, an element of spiritual crises, a note of subsequent struggle to step out of it. This inner conflict to proceed forward in the path of Divine realization lends magnificence to his poetic and spiritual personality.
The Influence of Religiosity on Marital Satisfaction and Stability AmongChris...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Various studies indicate that religious couples are more likely to enjoy stable and happy marriages. They are also less likely to experience conflict and violence, or to divorce perhaps because religion offers couples theologically grounded guidelines on how to handle marital conflicts when they arise. The present qualitative study was conducted using face to face interviews with nine participants in Kenya who had been identified as practicing Christians. The aim of the study was to explore how religiosity impacted the participant’s marital satisfaction. Results indicated that specific attributes related to religiosity like individual and partner prayer, reading the Bible, church attendance, impacted participants and their spouses lives positively and in turn their experiences in marriage. Engaging in religious practices was reported by the participants as eliciting qualities like perseverance, forgiveness and humility which in turn assisted them in keeping their marriages stable and thus resulting in marital satisfaction
The SA0 Group Reservoir ’S Compositive Evaluation In The Central Developing P...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Using the data from logging in a net of high density, the sand core from a airtight well, and the testing data for oil and gas , and then according to the experiment of exploitation, we studied the deposit visage in macroscopical way, the physical characteristics of the reservoir, and the partition of the oil and gas’s border. It is clear that the zero group of Sa’s oil floor is mainly deposit in the foreside of a delta under the background of lake incursion, and the ventro-delta express a character that there were some sandstones which was transited for two times. Make a certain that the oil and gas’s border of zero group in Sa is maybe 600m underground, and demarcated the maximal square is 26.8km2 about this reservoir, and tell us that it lies in the top of the anticline. Of course, this production can be used in the designing of the zero group of Sa’s exploitation
Down the Purgatory of Memories:The Pain of Remembering in M alayalam Naxal Ci...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Keralam, the southern most state in India is known for its cinema and politics. It is in Kerala that Communist Party came to power through Parliamentary election process for the first time in history. The political consciousness nurtured by the Communist movement found its reflections in Malayalam (language being spoken by the people of Keralam) Cinema as well. As a result films produced during the formative years of Malayalam Cinema were characterized by their political content. Having said this it should also be added that since those films are produced within the dominant production system with a view to garner profit they fail to politically stimulate the audience. But the situation had been changed after the Naxalite (radical left movement ideologically inclined to Maoism) uprising in 1969 during which both the feudal/bourgeois value orientations and the alleged degeneration of the Communist Party were challenged by the educated radical youths who fought for an immediate revolution. The state promptly intervened and contained Naxalite uprising with an iron fist. The repressive machinery of the state intervened whenever instances of resistance occurred. The Emergency declared in 1975 exposed the inhuman face of government that unleashed series of tortures against its citizens. The post -1980 political films, otherwise called as Naxalite films, try to recapture the tormenting experience of being political during the time of such mass oppression. Those movies resort to memory to expose the stark experience of the past.Remembering is a way of representing the past with all its nuances as it situates the remembering subject at close proximity with the past. At the same time Naxalite movies explored the possibility of forgetting also to unveil the subtle complexities of individual's relationship with the past. Here I consider two Malayalam films-AmmaAriyan(1986) directed by John Abraham and Margam (2003) directed by Rajeev Vijayaraghavan- to investigate how memory and oblivion are meticulously used by the filmic narratives to politicize a society already under the grip of political amnesia.
Professional Competences: An Integrative Approach for Defining The Training C...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper offers an integrative proposal for Business Administrationcurricular programs. For that purpose, we have carried out a survey with teachers from upper Business Administration courses so as to select a group of key competences for the contemporary Administrator, which has allowed us to elaborate an integrative proposal of curricular program for the Business Administration scholars in Brazil. As a qualitative research, it consists of a multiple case study with empirical approach and a triangular analysis based on Moraes (2014).Its main objective has been to analyze the curricular programs from five higher education institutions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and two other foreign institutions in South America. At first, we have asked ourselves the following question: How to adapt the Business Administration curricular program to the contemporary needs as far as the vocational training competences of Administrators are concerned?In order to answer it, we have analyzed the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) and the Political-Educational Projects of Business Administration Courses (PPC/CSA). After that, we have compared the Curricular Components (CC) of the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) under analysis. After performing the triangular textual analysis of the DCN, PPC/CSA and CC of all HEIs under study, we have carried out a survey with 35 teachers from Business Administration upper courses through a computerized online questionnaire.We have sent a Survey Monkey link for a total of 40 teachers, however, only 35 answered it (87.5%); we have considered 100% valid answers. Previously, based on the doctrine of competences and curriculum according to the most renowned authors – suchas Vygostsky, Freire, Sacristán, Piaget, Saviani, Bloom, Libâneo (curriculum); Fleury & Fleury, Zarifian, Perrenoud, Lisboa (competences), among others – wehave concluded that implementing the integrative proposal will providemore well-prepared graduates from the Business Administration course right to the competitive and globalized labor market.
Resisting Total Marginality: Understanding African-American College Students’...QUESTJOURNAL
This document summarizes a research paper that explores how African American students attending predominantly white institutions (PWIs) develop their racial identity and achieve academic success despite facing marginalization. The paper examines how total marginality, defined as the cumulative dissonance Black students face on campus, impacts identity development and success. It reviews literature on racial identity and oppositional culture theories. The study was conducted through interviews at a Midwestern state university to understand how successful Black students resisted total marginality and developed their racial identity. The findings provide insight into how peer groups, environment, and embracing their racial identity can help Black students graduate from PWIs.
“To the Truthful Death, From the Shining Life” By Joe VargheseQUESTJOURNAL
1. The document contains 5 poems by Joe Varghese exploring themes of death, mortality, and the realization that death proves one's life was real.
2. The poems cover topics like capturing moments through photography, writing love letters to one's dead body, being inspired by a heavenly muse, being shaped by life experiences like failures and betrayals, and viewing one's grave as the greatest monument ever built.
3. Overall, the poems reflect on death as enlightening humans to the reality of their existence and that death is what proves a person was truly alive.
Alternative dispute resolution and civil litigation barriers to access to jus...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Civil law is the predominate system of law in the world. Civil law as a legal system is often compared with common law. The main difference that is usually drawn between the two system is that common law drawn abstract rules from specific cases, whereas civil law with abstract rules which judges must then apply to the various cases before them. Civil law has its roots in Roman law, Common law and the Enlightenment, alongside influence from other religious laws such as Islamic Law. The legal system in many civil law countries are based around one or several codes of law which set out the main principles that guide the law. On the other hand, Criminal Law as offences and prescribes punishment for them. It not only precludes or prevents crimes but also punish the offender. It is necessary for the maintenance of law, order and peace within state. In criminal cases, it is the state which initiates proceeding against the offender. Laws relating to the Civil Proceeding as the Code of Civil Procedure 1908; the Civil Courts Act 1887; the Suit Valuation Act 1887; the Limitation Act 1908; the Registration Act 1908; & the Specific Relief Act 1877.
Challenges to Traditional Gender Norms in Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication...QUESTJOURNAL
Mary Wollstonecraft challenged traditional gender norms of the late 18th century in her work A Vindication of the Rights of Women. She argued that women deserved equal rights to education and independence as men, as they possessed the same rational capacities. Wollstonecraft criticized views that saw women's purpose as pleasing men and focused solely on domestic duties. She believed women should have the opportunity to develop their minds through education instead of being limited by their gender. Wollstonecraft's radical arguments for women's rights and education still resonate today in discussions of gender equality.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
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Newton Science, Decartes Science, Copernicus Science and Ptolemy Science. These sciences are different. This
is because each science proven by Thomas Kuhn has its own metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, value and
solution (Kuhn, 1972). Similarly, in the Science of Islam, metaphysics is our belief that God exists and its
epistemology leads us to make the Quran and the Sunnah as our guidance in life. This contrasts with Decartes
Sscience which rejects the Quran and the Sunnah.
In a more technical definition, Khalijah Mohd Salleh defined science as "mapping a statement to an
intellectual perception, the action taken on the shape or structure of a being that exists, the dynamic process of a
phenomenon and a state of a being or a phenomenon". (Sh. Mohd Saifuddeen, 2012). Physics is different from
other sciences such as Chemistry and Biology because it refers to the aspect of matter that is included in all
things created by God. The main objective of this study is to acquire the actual knowledge of matter objectively
(Maxwell, 1984) and in a logical order. Natural features to be studied are the form, characteristic and
behaviourof the matter as well as the laws and requirements of the invisibility of a characteristic.
The late Prof Dr Khalijah Salleh was elected as an eminent figure of this study due to her significant
contributions in the development of Physics as it was difficult to develop Physics during her time. She was a
Muslim Malay scientist woman who played an important role in mobilizing aworthyideain creating the
embodiment, correction and establishment of the facts of knowledge which do not stray from the path of Islam
that establishes the Oneness of Allah through what has been prescribed in the Holy Quran and the Hadith. This
idea is called as the "Islamisation of knowledge".
The main task of the initiator of the Islamisation of science is to carry out researchinan Islamic way and
not allowing the existing science to repair the Islamic approach so that it is suitable with the current science
received from the West. Science is universal and there is no separation between science and Islam, including
Physics. In addition, until now, there is no in-depth study on the personality of a Malay women scientist written
by any researcher. Not all questions or problems faced by human beings can be answered positively and
pertinently by science because they are limited for the research that is conducted to find the truth. Not all
religious matters are science matters, but all science matters are religious matters. Therefore, Islam is the most
suitable reference to the basic questions that cannot be answered by scientific research (Abdul Latif Samian,
1999). Therefore, Islam can be a guideline to the basic questions unanswered by the scientific research as the
answers to these questions are attached to the Creator of knowledge.
Country such as Malaysia where the majority of the population are Muslims and is moving towards a
modern and developing country, will eventually be facing the matters arising from the acceptance and
advancement of science and technology for the developmentof the country. In this situation, the responses from
the Islamic scholars on the significance ofthis issue is important to be studied, understood, and explained.
According to Khalijah Mohd Salleh, she believed that the most fundamental challenge occurs when Muslims do
not accept science as a part of their cultural life in this modern age (Sh. Mohd Saifuddeen, 2012).
She argued that if the culture of science is inserted in the lives of Muslims, the majority of the Muslims
will be able to shape a more scientific, systematic and logical idea and action. Therefore,this research aims to
investigate and evaluate whether the idea of Khalijah Salleh on the development of physical sciences is based on
three pillars which are Iman (faith), Islam and Ihsanto fulfil the the requirement in Islam. In addition, the
questions on the social sciences and physics education introduced by Khalijah Salleh will be explored
thoroughly in this study. Her efforts also lead to an argument on women’s right in our developing country.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The methodology of this study was divided into two stages which were (i) data collection; and (ii) data
analysis. In the data collection stage, the two methods used were documentation and interviews with the
respondents. This study also involved library study and fieldwork comprising interviews with selected friends of
the eminent figure of this study. The methods used in the first stage were described as below:
a) The First Step- Data Collection
In order to collect data for this study, four approaches were used by the researchers. These approaches
were as follow:
(i) Selected and determined the focus of the study by reading literature relevant to the subject of the study. The
reading materials consisted of books, papers in academic journals, magazines and newspapers, as well as
relevant Internet resources.
(ii) Gathered the facts which weredirectly related to the subject of the study through reading and discussion with
experts in the fields related to the subjectof the study.
(iii) Attended seminars and conferences related to the subject of the study to obtain the latest related
information.
(iv) Interviewedthe experts relevant to the subject of the study.
This study was based on qualitative and descriptive analysis. In addition, the researchers also obtained resources
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for qualitative data and information through written materials such as books, journals, monographs and articles.
Discussion materials such as seminars, conferences, scientific discussions and related research findings were
also given attention. The study also involved library resources data.
These data were obtained from two sources which were primary sources and secondary sources. The
primary sources included the writing and research of the prominent scientist and thinker being studied. While
the secondary sources were from the works of scholars who wrote about the Islamisation of science, the
discourse of history and the philosophy of science. Qualitative data were also obtained through interviews with
several academics who were close friends or students of the prominent figure being studied.
b) The Second Step- Data Analysis
In order to analyse the data, three methods were used by the researchers. The methods were as follow:
(i) Inductive method (istiqra’) where particular data were analysed to makeand find general conclusion.
(ii) Deductive method (istinbat) where general data were analysed to make and findparticular conclusion.
(iii) Comparative method (muqaranah) which compared, classified and organised a variety of data and facts to
prove the hypothesis.
IV. THE INFLUENCE OF KHALIJAH SALLEH’S IDEA
The results of scientific research allow people to invent. For Muslims, the Quran is the holy book as a
reference for people. The country and society in Malaysia are heading towards an industrial era. This requires
the country to change its economic activities from the export of raw materials to creating its ownproducts.
Important tools that should be used are innovative science and technology and viable society. Here, physicists
have a big role in the development of anindustrialcountry and community.
According to Khalijah Salleh, since Physics is a field of knowledge, it should exist in a society's
cultural heritage. Useful knowledge can guide us to know and understand the phenomena that occur in this
universe. Physics is a fundamental knowledge about nature, movement and interaction of physical natural
system refers to either itself, another system, environment or energy. The study of Physics according to the
current practice, use the experimental method which can display the empirical results and thenconfirm by
repeating the experiment. Physics is different from other areas of science like chemistry or biology as the object
of the study in this discipline refers to the matter that contains in all things created by God (Khalijah, 1992).
In addition, Physics exercises and practices will have a positive effect towards the improvement of
one’s intellectual progress. The study of Physics cannot happen in a passive state of mind. Therefore, the mind
tries to find an explanation of an event, process and interaction. The mind will be more sensitive in detecting the
required information and more active in processingthe incoming information in order to create an actual
cognition. This happens when we really understand what has been thought.
According to Al-Attas (1972), Islam has brought the spirit of rationalism and intellectualism to all its
followers, and this can be figured out and proven through many writings on philosophy and metaphysics
specific to all. Similarly, the knowledge of Physics also influences a person to use rational and logic when
questioning about the reason of an event. Thinking in such way frequently can train and enhanceone’s thought.
When he is given a problem, he can analyse that problem and then find solution to the problem. Intellectual
skills acquired through Physics exercises have vast advantages in a person's life. The current Physics has been
adopted and developed based on a secular philosophy that separates matter and spiritual. Therefore, people who
are studying Physics without understanding its philosophy would say that it is the only absolute way.
Consequently, any Physics activity is subject to that secular ideology and framework.
a) Social Sciences
Social sciences refer to the situation where ordinary people are aware of the existence of science and know the
basic things about the universe they live. They practice the science operating system where they are trying to
understand why and how things happen or why the problem happens (Khalijah Salleh, 1995). Some community
will also appreciate the values of science such as systematic, rational, precise and exact in conveying their ideas
or to manage and govern their lives in different conditions. Knowledge, skills and values of science are the
cultural heritage of our society. The acquisition of knowledge, skills and values of science allow us to know and
understand the environment that is rich in natural resources, whether in the sea, on earth or in space.
Social Sciences also refer to the acceptance, usage and transformation of scientific activities in various
affairs of life according to the particular needs of local communities (Khalijah Salleh, 2009). The main source of
a country is the people themselves. Countries that want to move forward requires community members who
have a high quality of life and are in a prosperous and secure life. This requires each member to work together
to support, develop and build a highly civilized society. Hence, there is a need to establish a systematic,
organised, and controlled life as well as living in harmony with society and the environment. These
characteristics are in accordance with science.
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The characteristics of science should be the community's cultural heritage not only to allow the
members to have a high intellectual level but more than that. The presence of knowledge, scientific approach
and appreciation of the values of science allow people to play a more effective role in the development process.
They will understand more about the nature where they live and be able to deal with the natural environment.
The idea to socialise the science is merely a fantasy if the community members do not take care of the
development of science and technology in various contexts of social, economic and spiritual.
b) Women and their Struggle
Women before Islam could not enjoy their rights as a human being at all. Their rights were ignored,
their desires weresuppressed, their opinions were ignored and they were not given a place in society (Said Abdul
Aziz Al- Jandul, 1994). The main objective of the struggle for Islamis to uphold the truth of Islam as well as
provide the rights and freedom to all human beings. The struggle forIslamic teachingsmeans to fight for the
survival of an Islamic society in any activity in economic, education, private and society according to the tenets
of Islam. This process is dynamic as it should be continued forever. This is because, when it is stopped, the
situation will be endangered and eventually destroyed. In the process of struggle, women have their respective
roles. In Islam, the struggle does not necessarily happen in the battlefield. It starts within oneself towards the
family, village, state, country and nation. It depends on the skills and abilities of the woman thatare suitable and
fitfor her.
Women struggle within herself is to strengthen her faith and be pious and righteous. Women who
understand the Islamic concept will endeavor to carry out all the commandments of Allah as much as possible
and stay away from all His prohibitions. As a wife who is knowledgeable and full of confidence, she can be a
friend and a companion for her husband by encouraging him in doing good actions. As a mother with a very big
role, she is the only person who can educate a child to be a good person. Mother is a Muslim model for her
children either in terms of manner, speech or action. She is also the main educator who can inculcate the spirit
of Islam in the minds of their children from the very beginning (Khalijah Mohd Salleh, 1992).
c) Physics Education
The curriculum for Physics at the university was built based on the model from the West without taking
into account the requirements and valuesof life in local community. Among the efforts being made to build a
model of Physics curriculum is through the Workshop of the Curriculum Review and Development of Science
Education (PEKADESA) Physics at the university level by the Department of Physics, the National University
of Malaysia. According to Khalijah Salleh (1992), in Physics Education particularly, an effective learning
occurs if students have successfully obtained the perception of the natural reality of Physics, its characteristics
as well as the causes and effects of a phenomenon. In the end, students are able to understand the meaning of
what have been read and observed.
The development of Physics in terms of information technology has greatly influencedthe culture of
life today. In education particularly, the application of this technology in teaching and learning process has
provided a new shift in pedagogical techniques. Some previous research have shown that the use of technology
has revolutionised the teaching techniques, students’ learning methods and overall, education has functioned in
accordance with the current era.
IV. KHALIJAH SALLEH’S CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS
She has contributed her ideas greatly on the development of science, especially in Physics. Science and
technology (S & T) is often regarded as a tool to achieve the advancement of Physics. However, according to
Khalijah in her study, S & T is not used greatly for social or spiritual development in the cultural community,
but it is solely serves as a tool for economic development of a country. According to her, the term "acuan sendiri
(own technique)" refers to the compatibility of religion and science that must not be separated. Therefore, there
must be efforts to study science and technology for social development, and not merely science and technology
for the production of wealth while ignoring the quality of life that also emphasises the divine aspect.
Khalijah highlighted the issue of the separation of science and religion which contributes to lack of
sensitivity and community’s inclination towards science. Modern sciences give rise to crises such as the
degradation of the environment, human and spiritual qualitiesresulted from a new paradigm shift. Khalijah
viewed that tawhidic or Islamic paradigm has the potential to solve the crises generated from modern sciences
paradigm. This paradigm emphasises the role of human being as a manager of science and a guardian of nature
who has social responsibilities and rules of philosophy based on the Quran. This paradigm shift is hoped to
produce a new image and bring about changes to create science that has new features and characteristics. In
creating new science, she referred to the Sciences of Islam(Khalijah, 2014).
She preferred to call it as Tawhidic Sciencewhich is based on tawhidic paradigm. It contradicts with
secular paradigm that has created secular sciences which has been exalted byWestern civilization. Tawhidic
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paradigm is based on the concept of tawhidthat has three basic entities which are the relationship between
human beings whose role as a servant and a vicegerent of Allah, nature, and Allah as the Creator of human
beings and nature. This tawhidic paradigm model takes into account the divine aspect, while secular
sciencesonly havetwo entities which are human being and nature. The divine aspect does not exist in secular
sciences at all. Khalijah referred tawhidic paradigm as a paradigm that is based on the concept of God, a model
in providing guidelines as well as shaping and forming science activities.
In the Sciences of Islamcontext, she viewed that science and technology helps to prepare oneself to
return to Allah through the role played by human based on this tawhidicparadigm that stressses on the Oneness
of Allah. Emphasising the concept of tawhid (faith) has also been described by Al-Faruqi (1992) in his
writingal-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life which explains the concept of tawhid as a religious
experience and a view of nature. In this writing, he also tried to explain the basic doctrines of Islam which can
be seen from various perspectives that are interrelated to each other, including history, comparative religion,
anthropology, philosophy, ethics, epistemology and archeology.
Khalijah Salleh explained that based on this tawhidicparadigm, human acts as a servant and a
vicegerent of Allah who uses nature. Human needs to understand the structures, characteristics and laws of
nature. Human activities in understanding the nature create science activities while the Quran and the Sunnah
become thesource of references to acquire knowledge and a guidance. Through this guideline, human has built a
religious life and this science activity will lead to Allah. However, all human actions are subject to the rules set
by Allah through sharia (Islamic law).
Khalijah viewed science activitiesas something that can increase awareness and appreciation of human
towards nature, and thus lead them towardsAllah and religious life. In addition, to help science activities guided
by Islam, science activities should be subject to ethical rules. There lies the integration between human as the
vicegerent of Allah who use the resources to meet their needs and their position as a servant of Allah who
comply with sharia. This approach is not included in paradigm without God. In short, the Tawhidic Science is
based on Tawhidic Science paradigm, while Tawhidic Science education activities oriented on the divinity,
humanity and materialism. This Tawhidic Science concept will also be applying in the classroom. Through this
Tawhidic Science paradigm, it allows an alternative scientific model to be introduced to the students.
Tawhidic Science course is currently being implemented, enabling the integration between science and
religion. It is more divine, human and natureoriented, intellect and the Quran becomes a source of knowledge.
This Tawhidic Science course will be introduced in the Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM. This course
allows the Tawhidic Science conceptual framework to be applied to the epistemology level and introduced as a
course to students of science and technology. In addition, to ensure the development of "acuan sendiri (own
technique)" is successful, creating a culture of science in society is very important. "Socialising science"
according to her should not happen spontaneously orthrough evolution in Malaysia, but it requires planning and
following the formulation of certain policies and foundationsset by the government.
Therefore, if the process of socialising science is successful, people will have high intellectual and
scientific understanding levelas well asbe able to provide standards according to the tawhidic paradigm towards
science activities. Besides that, this situation will indirectly be able to curb social problems and the ways of life
that are not compatible with the needs and demands of science and technology. The benefits of science can also
be enjoyed by all levels of society, not just the science community only. The efforts and contributions of
Khalijah in education have a huge impact on society. Through these efforts, the discourse of the Science of
Islam orTawhidic Science (a term she prefered) can be applied directly to the public and this is her major
contribution.
Despite her contribution in writing was not so noticeable, her efforts to apply Tawhidic Science in
Science Education has became a symbol in the socialisation of science based on tawhidic paradigm. Her actions
are related with the challenges women have to face in modernity. These challenges involve professional women.
The works done by her, especially in scienceshow an example of a Muslim professional woman who has
appreciated modern life based on Islamic values. Muslim women can apply the idea of Tawhidic Science in their
profession and daily lives. This prominent figure provided responses and manifestations of modernity and ways
to cope with the modern world based on Islamic identity.
V. PRINCIPLES PROPOSED BY KHALIJAH SALLEH
Islam gives place to the political situation. Islam is not distressing Muslims. According to Khalijah
Salleh, in implementing Islamic values in the development of Physics, it does not cause the government and the
country to become weak, uncompetitive and create chaos. If these occur because of the application of the values
of Islam, Islam will get a bad reputation and will be considered as a barrier to development. Among the values
of Islam are responsible, hardworking, sincere, prioritise others, willing to sacrifice time and energy, wise and
good character (INTAN, 1991).
Whether we like it or not, the fact is that human instinct causes them to admire and respect successful people.
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Therefore, the application of Islamic values does not mean to worship for our afterlife only. Islamic values to be
applied are the values that will successfully establish anefficient government which is capable of governing
effectively in terms of security and development that could compete with other governments (INTAN, 1992).
VI . COMPARISON BETWEEN KHALIJAH SALLEH AND OTHER EMINENT WOMEN
FIGURES
The role of women in the development of a country is essential for the welfare of human being.
Another example is Ibu Zain. She was not willing to see her generation left behind without knowledge and
therefore, she established a school. Ibu Zain was also active in the association. She was among those who were
responsible in establishing the Malay School Teachers' Association and Johor Religious School. Her authority
brought confidence to the members until she was promoted as the first president of the association. She became
the President of the Federation of Malay Women Teachers for 19 years since 1930.
Ibu Zain’s contributions are more meaningful after the Japanese intrusion in Malaya. She carried
outIslamic preaching to help restore the morality of women who were influenced by the Japanese army, besides
helping to restore the spirit of those persecuted by the soldiers. More surprisingly, she was able to master the
Japanese language in a month. Ibu Zain also contributed for thenational independence. She managed to unite
mothers to participate and support these efforts. She bravely signed up as a volunteer army and went to the
forest alone. She moved from one village to another village to stop the communist propaganda from spreading
in the community. Apparently, her efforts were rewarding. In the same year on March 10, 1963 she was
appointed as a Principal of the Princess Tuanku Ampuan MariamCollege. Ibu Zain also played a role in
upholding the Malay language. She was involved in the Malay Language and Literature Congress in 1956, until
the formation of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka in 1958.
Dr. Louis Lamya al-Faruqi (1926M-1986M) was a prominent American Muslim women intellectual
who was well-known in the mid-20th century AD and she was also known by the leadership of her husband, Dr.
Isma‟il Raji al-Faruqi. The measures proposed by Louis Lamya aim to reject the negative ideologies of the West
and to solve problems faced bypeoplesuch as in creating a Quranic community, forming Islamic feminist
movement and encouraging the community to build a large family institution in the public system. She was a
Muslim woman who was active in the Islamisation of knowledge and her main area is Social Sciences.
Besides Ibu Zain and Lamya Faruqi, Marie Curie is also familiar to us. She was the first woman to win
the Nobel Prize which is the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry. Her research on radioactive material had
allowed her as well as her husband, Pierre Curie to share the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with Becquerel, a
physicist who discovered radioactivity. After that, she became the sole winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
in 1911. Marie Curie is a remarkable woman. Her life story is extraordinary, like a drama which is full of
sorrow, hardship, and suffering.
Khalijah Salleh is different from Lamya Faruqi, Ibu Zain and Marie Curie as she tried to develop
science according toIslamicperspective. The development of science introduced by her includes education that is
based on tawhid. Tawhidic Science education does not reject Allah in every scientific aspect where in the name
of Allah, the exploration of science and technology iscarried out. Thus, the Tawhidic Science education will
produce a more responsible human being. This approach is very different from western scientific approach that
ignores God in its scientific activities.
VI. CONCLUSION
Since awareness on Islamic teachings and the way of life is increasing among the community in this
country, Muslim women are also questioning about their existence in society. Some say that the role of a woman
is at home, taking care of her husband, family as well as physical development, education and spiritual of
herchildren. This opinion is certainly supported by the majority of men and women. However, there are many
Muslim women who are educated and have their own profession. Consequently, they are facing a dilemma
whether to continue working and help the family besides being a woman blessed by Allah.
Therefore, women should check and learn the teachings of Islam which proposea solution to this issue.
This solution requires information on the tasks, responsibilities and activities allowed for them. In addition,
women need to know the rules of life that should be followed if they are in a public place with men. Above all,
women need to understand significance activities that need attention. As a Muslim, the main source of
references are the Qur'anand theSunnah.
Khalijah Salleh was a Malay woman scientist that should be followed by all modern Muslim scientists
because she did not only concern with the true statements, careful observation and accurate experiments, but her
interpretation about any physics phenomena wascloser to the conventional teachings of Islam than most
scientists who only depend on philosophy. Thus, the study of Physics development according to the idea of a
Muslim Malay woman physicist needs to be carried out to highlight the real relationship between Physics and
religion from Islamic perspective.
7. Integrating Science With Religion, Education And Community Based On The Idea Of A Malay ....
*Corresponding Author: Nur Asyikin Hamdan1
24 | Page
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