This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of civil and structural engineers. It provides details on the types of drawings they prepare at different stages of construction projects, including tender drawings, contract drawings, working drawings, and completion drawings. It also outlines the tasks engineers perform in various construction stages such as briefing, designing, tendering, construction, and commissioning. The document aims to provide an understanding of civil and structural engineers and their important contributions to ensuring the safe and stable construction of buildings.

1. CIVCIVIL & STRUCTURALIL & STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
LEE FONG YENLEE FONG YEN
ISYRAQ NASIRISYRAQ NASIR
MELANIE SOON YU XINMELANIE SOON YU XIN
YANG JING LOOYANG JING LOO
HASSANHASSAN AZRIAZRI
LOO SIAH MONLOO SIAH MONGG

2. ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
1) Analyse survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photography, and
other topographical or geologic data to plan projects.
2) Plan and design transportation or hydraulic systems and structures, following
construction and government standards, using design software and drawing
tools.
3) Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, and material stress
factors to determine design specifications.
4) Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design
specifications and safety or sanitation standards.
5) Direct construction, operations, and maintenance activities at project site.
6) Direct or participate in surveying to lay out installations and establish
reference points, grades, and elevations to guide construction.

3. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Maps Topographical data
Blueprints Aerial Photographs Site Drawings

4. SCOPE OF WORK
• DEALS WITHDEALS WITH DESIGNDESIGN,, CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION ANDAND MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE
• ENGAGES IN THE DESIGN OFENGAGES IN THE DESIGN OF CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENTSMANAGEMENTS
planning scheduling

5. TASKS IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF
CONSTRUCTION
BRIEFING STAGE
DESIGNING STAGEDESIGNING STAGE
TENDERING STAGETENDERING STAGE
CONSTRUCTION STAGECONSTRUCTION STAGE
COMMISSIONING STAGECOMMISSIONING STAGE

6. BRIEFING STAGE
• APPOINT A PROJECT MANAGERAPPOINT A PROJECT MANAGER
• CARRY OUT TECHNICAL AND NON-TECHNICALCARRY OUT TECHNICAL AND NON-TECHNICAL
INVESTIGATIONSINVESTIGATIONS( soil investigation , roads, topographical( soil investigation , roads, topographical
data, etc )data, etc )
• STUDY VARIOUS ALTERNATIVES TO MAKE SUBSTANTIALSTUDY VARIOUS ALTERNATIVES TO MAKE SUBSTANTIAL
COST SAVINGS EASIERCOST SAVINGS EASIER
• PREPARE REPORT ON INVESTIGATIONS CARRIED OUT ANDPREPARE REPORT ON INVESTIGATIONS CARRIED OUT AND
THE SOLUTIONS.THE SOLUTIONS.

7. DESIGNING STAGE
FINALISE PROJECT SUMMARYFINALISE PROJECT SUMMARY
CARRY OUT TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONCARRY OUT TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
PREPARE SCHEME AND DETAILED DESIGNSPREPARE SCHEME AND DETAILED DESIGNS
PREPARE WORKING DRAWINGS & SPECIFICATIONSPREPARE WORKING DRAWINGS & SPECIFICATIONS
PREPARE FINAL COST ESTIMATEPREPARE FINAL COST ESTIMATE
PREPARE CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME SCHEDULEPREPARE CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

8. TENDERINGTENDERING
STAGESTAGE
TENDERS ARE CALLED &TENDERS ARE CALLED &
CONTRACT IS AWARDEDCONTRACT IS AWARDED
UNDER BEST AVAILABLEUNDER BEST AVAILABLE
TERMS AGREED BETWEENTERMS AGREED BETWEEN
OWNER’S TEAM ANDOWNER’S TEAM AND
CONTRACTORSCONTRACTORS

10. CONSTRUCTION STAGECONSTRUCTION STAGE
EXECUTION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK AS PER
DESIGN WITHIN AGREED COST, TIME AND
SPECIFIED QUALITY.

11. COMMISSIONING STAGECOMMISSIONING STAGE
 PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURE IS EVALUATED ANDPERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURE IS EVALUATED AND
PROPOSED NATURE OF REPAIR AND MAINTENACEPROPOSED NATURE OF REPAIR AND MAINTENACE
ARE CONSIDEREDARE CONSIDERED
 VARIOUS RECORDS ACTUAL WORK ARE KEPTVARIOUS RECORDS ACTUAL WORK ARE KEPT
 INSPECTION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK ANDINSPECTION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK AND
REMOVAL OF DEFECTSREMOVAL OF DEFECTS
 OPERATING INTRUCTIONS AND MANUAL AREOPERATING INTRUCTIONS AND MANUAL ARE
PREPAREDPREPARED
 TESTS OF PERFORMANCE ARE CARRIED OUTTESTS OF PERFORMANCE ARE CARRIED OUT

12. TYPES OF DRAWINGS (CIVIL)TYPES OF DRAWINGS (CIVIL)
tender drawingstender drawings
contract drawingscontract drawings
working drawingsworking drawings
completion drawingscompletion drawings

13. TENDER DRAWINGSTENDER DRAWINGS
•PREPARED EARLYPREPARED EARLY
DURING BRIEFING STAGEDURING BRIEFING STAGE
•ALONG WITH TENDERALONG WITH TENDER
DOCUMENTSDOCUMENTS
•USED FOR BIDS BYUSED FOR BIDS BY
CONTRACTORSCONTRACTORS
•INFOINFORRMATION IS CLEARLYMATION IS CLEARLY
STATEDSTATED

15. CONTRACTCONTRACT
DRAWINGSDRAWINGS
• MORE DETAILED DESIGNMORE DETAILED DESIGN CANCAN
ONLY BE DONE AFTERONLY BE DONE AFTER
COMPLETION OF TENDERINGCOMPLETION OF TENDERING
DRAWINGSDRAWINGS
• USED FOR LEGALLY BINDINGUSED FOR LEGALLY BINDING
THE CONTRACTTHE CONTRACT
• PRINTED ON GOOD QUALITYPRINTED ON GOOD QUALITY
PAPERPAPER
• MEANT TO WITHSTAND LONGMEANT TO WITHSTAND LONG
TERMTERM
• CONTRACT DRAWINGS WILLCONTRACT DRAWINGS WILL
BE THE SAME IF THERE AREBE THE SAME IF THERE ARE
NO ALTERNATIVENO ALTERNATIVE
PROPOSALS DURINGPROPOSALS DURING
TENDERING STAGETENDERING STAGE

16. WORKINGWORKING
DRAWINGSDRAWINGS
• PREPARED DURING THEPREPARED DURING THE
DESIGNING STAGEDESIGNING STAGE
• REPRESENTSREPRESENTS ENGINEER’SENGINEER’S
FINAL DECISIONSFINAL DECISIONS ANDAND
DESIGNSDESIGNS
• USED FORUSED FOR
WORKING,MANUFACTURING,WORKING,MANUFACTURING,
CONSTRUCTING ANDCONSTRUCTING AND
BUILDING PURPOSESBUILDING PURPOSES
• INFORM THE ACTUAL WORKINFORM THE ACTUAL WORK
• SHOWS DETAIL DRAWINGSSHOWS DETAIL DRAWINGS
OF PARTSOF PARTS

19. COMPLETIONCOMPLETION
DRAWINGDRAWING
• PREPARED UPON COMPLETION STAGEPREPARED UPON COMPLETION STAGE
• ALSO KNOWN AS RECORD DRAWINGS AND AS-BUILTALSO KNOWN AS RECORD DRAWINGS AND AS-BUILT
DRAWINGSDRAWINGS
• ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS THAT ARE MADE DUE TOADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS THAT ARE MADE DUE TO
UNFORESEEN SITE CONDITIONS ARE RECORDEDUNFORESEEN SITE CONDITIONS ARE RECORDED

21. TYPES OF DRAWINGSTYPES OF DRAWINGS
(STRUCTURAL)(STRUCTURAL)
STRUCTURAL DRAWINGSSTRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
REINFORCEMENT DRAWINGSREINFORCEMENT DRAWINGS
RECORD DRAWINGSRECORD DRAWINGS

22. STRUCTURAL DRAWINGSSTRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
USED TO PROGRESSUSED TO PROGRESS
ARCHITECT’SARCHITECT’S
CONCEPT BYCONCEPT BY
SPECIFYING SHAPESSPECIFYING SHAPES
& POSITIONS OF& POSITIONS OF
PARTS OFPARTS OF
STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES Parts ofParts of
structuresstructures

24. Example of structural drawing

25. REINFORCEMENT DRAWINGSREINFORCEMENT DRAWINGS
• FULLY DESCRIBE AND LOCATE ALL REINFORCEMENT INFULLY DESCRIBE AND LOCATE ALL REINFORCEMENT IN
RELATION TO THE FINISHED SURFACE OF CONCRETE ANDRELATION TO THE FINISHED SURFACE OF CONCRETE AND
TO ANY HOLES AND FIXINGSTO ANY HOLES AND FIXINGS

26. Example of steelExample of steel
reinforcement drawingreinforcement drawing

27. RECORD DRAWINGSRECORD DRAWINGS
• MODIFICATIONS TO BE MADE TO THEMODIFICATIONS TO BE MADE TO THE
ORIGINAL DRAWINGS TO CATERORIGINAL DRAWINGS TO CATER
UNFORESEEN DIFFICULTIESUNFORESEEN DIFFICULTIES ..
• SUFFIX MUST BE ADDED TO THE DRAWINGSUFFIX MUST BE ADDED TO THE DRAWING
NUMBER TO INDICATE IS A “ RECORDNUMBER TO INDICATE IS A “ RECORD
DRAWING ”DRAWING ”

29. REFLECTION
Through this project given by our lecturers,Through this project given by our lecturers,
we got the chance to understand who are civilwe got the chance to understand who are civil
and structural engineers, and their roles andand structural engineers, and their roles and
responsibilities in the construction fields. Notresponsibilities in the construction fields. Not
only that, we also got to know more about theonly that, we also got to know more about the
drawings they prepare in every constructiondrawings they prepare in every construction
stage. Now we know how important are civilstage. Now we know how important are civil
and structural engineers in constructing a safeand structural engineers in constructing a safe
and stable building.and stable building.

30. REFERENREFEREN
CESCES

31. WEBSITESWEBSITES
• Praveenniru (2014, October 7 ),Classification of Civil Engineering Drawings & Interpreting
Engineering Drawings, Retrieved March 9, 2015 from hubpages,
www.praveenniru.hubpages.com/hub/classification-of-civil-engineering-drawings-and-
importance-of-engineering-drawings
• Tony Cecutti P. ( 2015, January),Sample tender document, Retrieved March 9, 2015 from
Sudbury, www.greatersudbury.ca/business/engineering-standards/tender-sample-document/
• Cheryl Cairns ( 2014, March) Structural engineer Job Description, Retrieved March 9, 2015
from prospects, www.prospects.ac.uk/structural_engineer_job_&_description.htm.
• Jamshaia Sawab (-), Types of drawings by structural engineers, Retrieved March 9, 2015 from
the constructor: Civil Engineer home, www.the constructor.org/practical-guide/types-of-
drawings-by-structural-engineers/8594/
BOOKBOOK
• P.S.Gahloe Bin Dhir, (1992) Construction: Planning & Management, Daryagani, New Delhi;
NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL.