Study about integers. For complete integers lectures (with captions in many different languages), visit my course link on udemy . Link is
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1) Rules for adding and subtracting integers include keeping the sign the same when adding like signs, and using the sign of the larger number when subtracting or adding opposite signs.
2) When multiplying integers, the sign of the product is determined by the number of negative factors. If even, the product is positive, and if odd, the product is negative.
3) Integers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, and follow properties like commutativity and associativity for these operations.
The document provides explanations and examples for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing integers:
1) When adding integers with the same sign, add their absolute values and use the common sign. When adding integers with opposite signs, take the absolute difference and use the sign of the larger number.
2) To subtract an integer, add its opposite and then follow the addition rules.
3) When multiplying an even number of negatives, the result is positive. With an odd number of negatives, the result is negative.
The document provides explanations and examples for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing integers.
It begins by explaining the rules for adding integers with the same sign and integers with different signs, providing examples such as -6 + -2 = -8. It then explains that subtracting integers uses the rule of "adding the opposite" and provides examples like 7 - (-6) = 13.
The document also covers multiplying and dividing integers, noting that an even number of negatives yields a positive result and an odd number yields a negative result. It provides examples such as -2(-2)(-2)= 16 and 2 (-5)= -10.
The document discusses the six properties of operations on integers:
1. The closure property states that adding or multiplying integers results in an integer.
2. The commutative property does not change the result of addition or multiplication when the order of numbers is changed.
3. The associative property does not change the result when grouping numbers that are added or multiplied is changed.
4. The distributive property states that when two numbers are added/subtracted and multiplied by a factor, the result is the same as multiplying each number by the factor and then adding/subtracting.
5. The identity properties are: addition identity of 0, and multiplication identity of 1.
6. The inverse properties are: additive
Integers include both whole numbers and their negative counterparts. Addition and subtraction of integers follow predictable patterns based on the signs of the integers. Properties like closure, commutativity, and distributivity apply to integer addition and multiplication but not always to subtraction and division. Multiplication results in a positive integer if the number of negative factors is even, and a negative integer if the number of negative factors is odd. Division of a positive by a negative integer yields a negative result.
This document contains notes from a 7th grade math class covering topics like subtracting integers, multiplying integers, and solving algebraic equations. Key points covered include: when subtracting integers, you add the opposite; when multiplying integers with the same sign the product is positive, and with different signs the product is negative; and to solve equations, you perform the same operation to both sides until the variable is isolated on one side.
This document contains notes from a 7th grade math class covering topics like subtracting integers, multiplying integers, and solving algebraic equations. Key points covered include: when subtracting integers, you add the opposite; when multiplying integers with the same sign the product is positive, and with different signs the product is negative; and to solve equations, you perform the same operation to both sides until the variable is isolated on one side.
1) Rules for adding and subtracting integers include keeping the sign the same when adding like signs, and using the sign of the larger number when subtracting or adding opposite signs.
2) When multiplying integers, the sign of the product is determined by the number of negative factors. If even, the product is positive, and if odd, the product is negative.
3) Integers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, and follow properties like commutativity and associativity for these operations.
The document provides explanations and examples for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing integers:
1) When adding integers with the same sign, add their absolute values and use the common sign. When adding integers with opposite signs, take the absolute difference and use the sign of the larger number.
2) To subtract an integer, add its opposite and then follow the addition rules.
3) When multiplying an even number of negatives, the result is positive. With an odd number of negatives, the result is negative.
The document provides explanations and examples for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing integers.
It begins by explaining the rules for adding integers with the same sign and integers with different signs, providing examples such as -6 + -2 = -8. It then explains that subtracting integers uses the rule of "adding the opposite" and provides examples like 7 - (-6) = 13.
The document also covers multiplying and dividing integers, noting that an even number of negatives yields a positive result and an odd number yields a negative result. It provides examples such as -2(-2)(-2)= 16 and 2 (-5)= -10.
The document discusses the six properties of operations on integers:
1. The closure property states that adding or multiplying integers results in an integer.
2. The commutative property does not change the result of addition or multiplication when the order of numbers is changed.
3. The associative property does not change the result when grouping numbers that are added or multiplied is changed.
4. The distributive property states that when two numbers are added/subtracted and multiplied by a factor, the result is the same as multiplying each number by the factor and then adding/subtracting.
5. The identity properties are: addition identity of 0, and multiplication identity of 1.
6. The inverse properties are: additive
Integers include both whole numbers and their negative counterparts. Addition and subtraction of integers follow predictable patterns based on the signs of the integers. Properties like closure, commutativity, and distributivity apply to integer addition and multiplication but not always to subtraction and division. Multiplication results in a positive integer if the number of negative factors is even, and a negative integer if the number of negative factors is odd. Division of a positive by a negative integer yields a negative result.
This document contains notes from a 7th grade math class covering topics like subtracting integers, multiplying integers, and solving algebraic equations. Key points covered include: when subtracting integers, you add the opposite; when multiplying integers with the same sign the product is positive, and with different signs the product is negative; and to solve equations, you perform the same operation to both sides until the variable is isolated on one side.
This document contains notes from a 7th grade math class covering topics like subtracting integers, multiplying integers, and solving algebraic equations. Key points covered include: when subtracting integers, you add the opposite; when multiplying integers with the same sign the product is positive, and with different signs the product is negative; and to solve equations, you perform the same operation to both sides until the variable is isolated on one side.
This document contains notes from a 7th grade math class covering topics like subtracting integers, multiplying integers, and solving algebraic equations. Key points covered include: when subtracting integers, you add the opposite; when multiplying integers with the same sign the product is positive, and with different signs the product is negative; and to solve equations, you perform the same operation to both sides until the variable is isolated on one side.
The document contains examples of solving problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers. Some key examples include:
- Finding the balance in an account after a deposit and withdrawal.
- Calculating distance traveled east and west and the final position from a starting point.
- Verifying properties like commutativity, associativity and distributivity for operations on integers.
- Solving word problems involving gains, losses, temperature changes represented as positive and negative integers.
Integers are whole numbers and their negatives. On a number line, adding a positive integer moves right and adding a negative integer moves left.
Integers are closed under addition and subtraction. For any integers a and b, a + b and a - b are also integers. Addition is commutative but subtraction is not. Both operations are associative.
For integers a and b, a * (-b) = (-a) * b and a * (-b) = - (a * b). The product of two negative integers is positive. If the number of negative factors in a product is even, the product is positive, and if odd, the product is negative. Integers are closed
This document discusses key concepts in the real number system including:
- Rational numbers that can be expressed as ratios of integers, and irrational numbers that cannot.
- Integers, including positive, negative and whole numbers.
- Properties of addition like commutativity, associativity and closure.
- Properties of multiplication like commutativity, associativity and distributivity.
- Absolute value and rules for performing operations on signed numbers like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
1) The document provides an overview of properties and operations of real numbers including identifying different types of real numbers like integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers.
2) It discusses ordering real numbers and using symbols like <, >, ≤, ≥ to compare them. Properties of addition, multiplication and other operations are also covered.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like using properties of real numbers to evaluate expressions and convert between units like miles and kilometers.
The document defines integers and their properties under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It states that integers include whole numbers and their negatives, and are closed under addition and subtraction. Properties discussed include commutativity, associativity, distributivity, and operations with zero. Integers are not closed under division and division is not always commutative.
This document provides information and examples about integer operations:
- Addition of integers follows the same rules as normal addition, such as 20 + 10 = 30 and -40 + -60 = -100.
- Subtraction of integers is performed similarly to addition, such as -3 - 7 = -10 and 15 - 9 = 6.
- When multiplying integers, the product is positive if the signs are the same and negative if the signs are different, exemplified as -2 × 6 = -12 and 2 × -3 = -6.
- For division of integers, the quotient is positive if the signs are the same and negative if the signs are different, with examples like 12 ÷ -4 =
The document appears to be discussing complex numbers in Urdu. It begins by stating that God is extremely merciful and compassionate. It then provides some key points about complex numbers, including:
- Complex numbers can be expressed in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i represents the imaginary unit.
- Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed with complex numbers by following specific rules.
- Complex numbers have properties like closure, commutativity, distributivity, identities, and inverses when performing operations.
- The conjugate of a complex number z = a + bi is a - bi. Conjugates have certain properties when performing operations
The document discusses rules for evaluating sums and products of positive and negative integers:
1) When adding positive integers, add the magnitudes and keep the positive sign. When adding negative integers, add the magnitudes and keep the negative sign.
2) When adding a positive and negative integer, subtract the magnitudes and keep the sign of the integer with the largest magnitude.
3) When multiplying integers, the sign of the product is positive if there is an even number of negative factors and negative if there is an odd number of negative factors.
The lesson included in this file is Integers. This file can be used to introduced the concepts on integers such as its rules on the basic operations. Several examples are also provided in this file.
Rational numbers can be used to solve equations that cannot be solved using only natural numbers, whole numbers, or integers. Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as fractions p/q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division. Addition, subtraction and multiplication of rational numbers are commutative, but division is not. Addition of rational numbers is associative, but subtraction is not.
The document defines sets and set operations such as union, intersection, symmetric difference, and complement. It then discusses real numbers, defining them as any numeric expressions excluding imaginary and complex numbers, such as integers, fractions, irrational numbers, etc. It provides examples of different types of real numbers. The document also covers properties and operations of real numbers like commutativity, associativity, identity, and distribution. Finally, it defines inequalities and absolute value, providing properties and examples of solving inequalities with absolute value.
This document defines and explains key concepts related to real numbers and algebraic expressions. It introduces sets and subsets of real numbers like integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It describes properties of real numbers including addition, multiplication, order, and absolute value. It also covers representing real numbers on a number line, algebraic expressions, and properties of negatives.
Rational numbers can be used to solve equations that cannot be solved using only natural numbers, whole numbers, or integers. Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as fractions p/q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication but not division. Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are commutative, but subtraction and division are not. Addition is associative for rational numbers, but subtraction is not.
The document is about integers and their properties. Some key points:
- Integers include whole numbers and their negatives, but not fractions or imaginary numbers.
- The modulus or absolute value of a number gives its numerical value regardless of sign.
- Every integer has an additive inverse, such that when added the result is 0.
- Addition and subtraction follow rules based on sign: unlike signs subtract, like signs add.
- Multiplication and division of integers with unlike signs results in a negative product or quotient.
- Integers have properties for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division like commutativity, associativity and distribution.
This document provides an introduction to integers through five parts:
Part I defines key integer vocabulary like positive and negative numbers. It discusses integer properties like opposites and compares/orders integers on number lines. Real world applications like temperature, sea level, and money are explored.
Part II covers integer addition rules - signs the same means keep the sign, signs different means subtract the numbers and keep the larger absolute value sign. Number lines demonstrate adding integers visually.
Part III explains that subtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number through changing operation and number signs. More examples solidify this rule.
Part IV proves this subtraction rule is true by using the same checking method as regular subtraction equations
Rational numbers are numbers that can be written as fractions p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Some key properties of rational numbers are:
1) Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication but not division. For any two rational numbers a and b, a + b, a - b, and a × b are rational, but a ÷ b may not be rational if b = 0.
2) Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are commutative but subtraction and division are not.
3) Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are associative but subtraction and division are not.
Rational numbers are numbers that can be written as fractions p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Some key properties of rational numbers are:
1) Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication but not division. For any two rational numbers a and b, a + b, a - b, and a × b are rational, but a ÷ b may not be rational if b = 0.
2) Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are commutative but subtraction and division are not.
3) Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are associative but subtraction and division are not.
The document discusses properties of operations on whole numbers. It states that addition and multiplication are associative for whole numbers, as the sum or product will be the same regardless of grouping order. As an example, it shows that 3 + (2 + 5) equals (3 + 2) + 5, both equalling 10. It also explains that the distributive property holds for whole numbers, where x(y + z) equals xy + xz. Finally, it notes that 0 is the additive identity and 1 is the multiplicative identity for whole numbers.
Learn about Fractions Basics.
For Lectures on fraction , visit my Udemy course. Link is
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This document contains 6 examples of binary logic operations - AND, OR, NOT, AND-OR - represented through truth tables with variables A, B, and X. It shows how the output X changes based on the input values of A and B and whether the operation is AND, OR, NOT, AND-OR, or combinations of those operations.
This document contains notes from a 7th grade math class covering topics like subtracting integers, multiplying integers, and solving algebraic equations. Key points covered include: when subtracting integers, you add the opposite; when multiplying integers with the same sign the product is positive, and with different signs the product is negative; and to solve equations, you perform the same operation to both sides until the variable is isolated on one side.
The document contains examples of solving problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers. Some key examples include:
- Finding the balance in an account after a deposit and withdrawal.
- Calculating distance traveled east and west and the final position from a starting point.
- Verifying properties like commutativity, associativity and distributivity for operations on integers.
- Solving word problems involving gains, losses, temperature changes represented as positive and negative integers.
Integers are whole numbers and their negatives. On a number line, adding a positive integer moves right and adding a negative integer moves left.
Integers are closed under addition and subtraction. For any integers a and b, a + b and a - b are also integers. Addition is commutative but subtraction is not. Both operations are associative.
For integers a and b, a * (-b) = (-a) * b and a * (-b) = - (a * b). The product of two negative integers is positive. If the number of negative factors in a product is even, the product is positive, and if odd, the product is negative. Integers are closed
This document discusses key concepts in the real number system including:
- Rational numbers that can be expressed as ratios of integers, and irrational numbers that cannot.
- Integers, including positive, negative and whole numbers.
- Properties of addition like commutativity, associativity and closure.
- Properties of multiplication like commutativity, associativity and distributivity.
- Absolute value and rules for performing operations on signed numbers like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
1) The document provides an overview of properties and operations of real numbers including identifying different types of real numbers like integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers.
2) It discusses ordering real numbers and using symbols like <, >, ≤, ≥ to compare them. Properties of addition, multiplication and other operations are also covered.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like using properties of real numbers to evaluate expressions and convert between units like miles and kilometers.
The document defines integers and their properties under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It states that integers include whole numbers and their negatives, and are closed under addition and subtraction. Properties discussed include commutativity, associativity, distributivity, and operations with zero. Integers are not closed under division and division is not always commutative.
This document provides information and examples about integer operations:
- Addition of integers follows the same rules as normal addition, such as 20 + 10 = 30 and -40 + -60 = -100.
- Subtraction of integers is performed similarly to addition, such as -3 - 7 = -10 and 15 - 9 = 6.
- When multiplying integers, the product is positive if the signs are the same and negative if the signs are different, exemplified as -2 × 6 = -12 and 2 × -3 = -6.
- For division of integers, the quotient is positive if the signs are the same and negative if the signs are different, with examples like 12 ÷ -4 =
The document appears to be discussing complex numbers in Urdu. It begins by stating that God is extremely merciful and compassionate. It then provides some key points about complex numbers, including:
- Complex numbers can be expressed in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i represents the imaginary unit.
- Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed with complex numbers by following specific rules.
- Complex numbers have properties like closure, commutativity, distributivity, identities, and inverses when performing operations.
- The conjugate of a complex number z = a + bi is a - bi. Conjugates have certain properties when performing operations
The document discusses rules for evaluating sums and products of positive and negative integers:
1) When adding positive integers, add the magnitudes and keep the positive sign. When adding negative integers, add the magnitudes and keep the negative sign.
2) When adding a positive and negative integer, subtract the magnitudes and keep the sign of the integer with the largest magnitude.
3) When multiplying integers, the sign of the product is positive if there is an even number of negative factors and negative if there is an odd number of negative factors.
The lesson included in this file is Integers. This file can be used to introduced the concepts on integers such as its rules on the basic operations. Several examples are also provided in this file.
Rational numbers can be used to solve equations that cannot be solved using only natural numbers, whole numbers, or integers. Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as fractions p/q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division. Addition, subtraction and multiplication of rational numbers are commutative, but division is not. Addition of rational numbers is associative, but subtraction is not.
The document defines sets and set operations such as union, intersection, symmetric difference, and complement. It then discusses real numbers, defining them as any numeric expressions excluding imaginary and complex numbers, such as integers, fractions, irrational numbers, etc. It provides examples of different types of real numbers. The document also covers properties and operations of real numbers like commutativity, associativity, identity, and distribution. Finally, it defines inequalities and absolute value, providing properties and examples of solving inequalities with absolute value.
This document defines and explains key concepts related to real numbers and algebraic expressions. It introduces sets and subsets of real numbers like integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It describes properties of real numbers including addition, multiplication, order, and absolute value. It also covers representing real numbers on a number line, algebraic expressions, and properties of negatives.
Rational numbers can be used to solve equations that cannot be solved using only natural numbers, whole numbers, or integers. Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as fractions p/q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication but not division. Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are commutative, but subtraction and division are not. Addition is associative for rational numbers, but subtraction is not.
The document is about integers and their properties. Some key points:
- Integers include whole numbers and their negatives, but not fractions or imaginary numbers.
- The modulus or absolute value of a number gives its numerical value regardless of sign.
- Every integer has an additive inverse, such that when added the result is 0.
- Addition and subtraction follow rules based on sign: unlike signs subtract, like signs add.
- Multiplication and division of integers with unlike signs results in a negative product or quotient.
- Integers have properties for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division like commutativity, associativity and distribution.
This document provides an introduction to integers through five parts:
Part I defines key integer vocabulary like positive and negative numbers. It discusses integer properties like opposites and compares/orders integers on number lines. Real world applications like temperature, sea level, and money are explored.
Part II covers integer addition rules - signs the same means keep the sign, signs different means subtract the numbers and keep the larger absolute value sign. Number lines demonstrate adding integers visually.
Part III explains that subtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number through changing operation and number signs. More examples solidify this rule.
Part IV proves this subtraction rule is true by using the same checking method as regular subtraction equations
Rational numbers are numbers that can be written as fractions p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Some key properties of rational numbers are:
1) Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication but not division. For any two rational numbers a and b, a + b, a - b, and a × b are rational, but a ÷ b may not be rational if b = 0.
2) Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are commutative but subtraction and division are not.
3) Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are associative but subtraction and division are not.
Rational numbers are numbers that can be written as fractions p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Some key properties of rational numbers are:
1) Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication but not division. For any two rational numbers a and b, a + b, a - b, and a × b are rational, but a ÷ b may not be rational if b = 0.
2) Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are commutative but subtraction and division are not.
3) Addition and multiplication of rational numbers are associative but subtraction and division are not.
The document discusses properties of operations on whole numbers. It states that addition and multiplication are associative for whole numbers, as the sum or product will be the same regardless of grouping order. As an example, it shows that 3 + (2 + 5) equals (3 + 2) + 5, both equalling 10. It also explains that the distributive property holds for whole numbers, where x(y + z) equals xy + xz. Finally, it notes that 0 is the additive identity and 1 is the multiplicative identity for whole numbers.
Learn about Fractions Basics.
For Lectures on fraction , visit my Udemy course. Link is
https://www.udemy.com/course/basics-of-math/?referralCode=6FF51E8FD0CE20F99D35
This document contains 6 examples of binary logic operations - AND, OR, NOT, AND-OR - represented through truth tables with variables A, B, and X. It shows how the output X changes based on the input values of A and B and whether the operation is AND, OR, NOT, AND-OR, or combinations of those operations.
Lord buddha some brief points about his life and teachingssourabhrana21
Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, was born approximately 2,500 years ago in India and was a member of the Sakya clan. Seeking enlightenment, he meditated under a pipal tree and attained enlightenment, becoming known as the Buddha. He then taught others for the first time in Sarnath and spent the rest of his life traveling around India teaching that life involves suffering caused by craving and desire, but this suffering can be overcome through moderation and by following his teachings of non-violence, karma, and independent thinking.
1. Sir Isaac Newton discovered in 1666 that white light is made up of a spectrum of colors, with red at one end and violet at the other, blending smoothly together.
2. The color we see in an object is determined by which wavelengths of light it reflects and absorbs. For example, green objects reflect light primarily between 500-570 nm.
3. There are three main qualities used to describe chromatic light - radiance measures the total energy from a light source, luminance measures the amount of light perceived by an observer, and brightness is a subjective descriptor of intensity.
Electrochemical Protection or Cathodic Protection uses two methods to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Sacrificial anodic protection connects the metal to a more reactive metal like zinc or magnesium that corrodes instead of the protected metal. Impressed current cathodic protection uses an electrical current to force the metal to behave as a cathode. There are also several metallic coating methods to apply a protective layer to metals including hot dipping, electroplating, metal spraying, metal cladding, and cementation. Organic coatings like paints, varnishes, enamels, and lacquers provide protection by forming a barrier film on the metal surface.
1. Electrochemical corrosion occurs via oxidation and reduction reactions when a metal is in contact with an electrolyte like an acid or salt solution. Electrons generated through oxidation must be consumed in reduction reactions.
2. There are several types of electrochemical corrosion including galvanic, pitting, differential aeration, water line, crevice, stress, and intragranular corrosion.
3. Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact in a corrosive environment, leading to accelerated corrosion of the metal with the lower reduction potential. Common examples include zinc anodes on copper or steel structures.
This document discusses different types of polymer structures - linear, branched, and cross-linked. It provides examples of each type and how they relate to polymer properties. Linear structures are characteristic of thermoplastic polymers. Branched structures can also be found in thermoplastics. Cross-linked structures include loosely cross-linked elastomers and tightly cross-linked thermosets. The degree of branching and cross-linking affects properties like strength, viscosity, and whether the polymer is hard/brittle or elastic.
This document discusses composites, which are materials made from two or more constituent materials that exhibit improved properties over the individual components. Composites can be natural, like wood, or synthetic. They have properties like high strength and stiffness relative to their density. Composites are classified based on their reinforcement, which can be particles or fibers, and the matrix material, like polymers, metals or ceramics. Particle reinforced composites include concrete and carbon black reinforced rubber. Fiber reinforced composites use continuous or discontinuous fibers. Structural composites combine materials to form load-bearing structures.
Gypsum and cement are important building materials. Gypsum naturally occurs as the mineral calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) and is used to make plaster of Paris, Keene's plaster, and estrich plaster. When heated, gypsum undergoes dehydration and produces hemihydrate and anhydrite. Plaster of Paris is made from hemihydrate and sets quickly when mixed with water. Keene's plaster contains anhydrite and sets more slowly. Cement is produced by heating limestone and clay at high temperatures, resulting in compounds like dicalcium silicate that harden when mixed with water.
This document discusses the properties and uses of lime as a cementing material. It provides an introduction to lime, describing how it is manufactured through calcination of limestone. The key types of lime - fat lime, hydraulic lime, and lean lime - are defined based on their chemical composition and properties. The document outlines the properties of lime that make it suitable for construction applications, such as its plasticity, sand carrying capacity, and ability to set and harden through reactions with water and carbon dioxide in the air.
The ion exchange process removes hardness-causing ions from water by exchanging them for ions on cross-linked polymer resins. There are two main types of resins: cation exchange resins that replace calcium and magnesium ions with hydrogen ions, and anion exchange resins that replace chloride and sulfate ions with hydroxide ions. The process produces deionized water that is free from minerals and hardness ions.
This document discusses various methods for water softening, including internal treatment methods using chemicals added to boiler water, and external treatment methods like lime soda process, zeolite process, and ion exchange process. It focuses on explaining the zeolite process, which involves exchanging hardness ions in water like Ca2+ and Mg2+ with Na+ ions in zeolite minerals. The process produces softened water with about 10 ppm hardness and has advantages like requiring less time and a compact equipment setup. Disadvantages include zeolite beds being damaged by acids or turbid water.
The document discusses various issues related to boiler operation including scale and sludge formation, priming, foaming, corrosion, and caustic embrittlement. It provides causes and prevention methods for these problems. Some key points:
1) Scale and sludge can form due to dissolved salts in water and is prevented by softening water, purifying steam, and removing deposits.
2) Priming occurs when water droplets carry over with steam while foaming involves persistent bubbles that don't break, both caused by dissolved substances like oils and alkalis.
3) Corrosion results from oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids in water and can be reduced by removing these elements.
4) Caustic
The document discusses the calculation of water hardness and its units of measurement. It defines hardness as the concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in water. The units used to measure hardness include parts per million (ppm), milligrams per liter (mg/L), degrees Clarke (°Cl), and degrees French (°Fr). The specification of water hardness for different industrial uses such as boilers, paper, and textiles is outlined. Scale and sludge formation in boilers from hard water is explained, including the disadvantages of each and methods for prevention and removal.
This document discusses water treatment and hardness. It defines water as the most important requirement for life and describes its various sources like rain, ground, and surface water. It then explains the types of impurities found in water and defines hardness as the property that prevents soap from lathering, caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium salts. The document distinguishes between temporary hardness caused by bicarbonates that can be removed by boiling, and permanent hardness caused by sulfates and chlorides that require other treatment methods. It concludes by noting hardness is measured in terms of an equivalent amount of calcium carbonate for simplicity of calculations.
experiment to determine the numerical aperture of an optical fibre..sourabhrana21
This document describes an experiment to determine the numerical aperture of an optical fiber. Numerical aperture refers to the maximum angle at which light entering the fiber is internally reflected along its length. The experiment involves connecting an optical fiber to a trainer board and screen. The distance from the fiber end to the screen is varied to make the light spot coincide with circles of different diameters. This allows calculating the numerical aperture using a formula involving the spot diameter and distance. The numerical aperture obtained was 0.4.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. What are INTEGERS ?
Integers is a bigger collection of numbers which
includes Whole numbers and Negative numbers.
OR
We can say also that Integers is a bigger collection
of number which includes zero , positive numbers
and negative numbers.
3. Properties of Addition/Subtraction of
Integers
CLOSURE PROPERTY UNDER ADDITION
20 + 10 = 30 50 + 60 = 110
- 100 + 200 = 100 57 + ( -13 ) = 44
- 42 + ( -11 ) = - 53 - 78 + ( - 40 ) = - 118
In above examples , we are getting integer after addition
of two integers.
4. Since addition of integers , gives integers , we can say
integers are closed under addition.
Therefore, we can say in general
For any two integers a and b , a + b is also an
integer.
https://www.udemy.com/course/basics-of-
math/?referralCode=6FF51E8FD0CE20F9
9D35
5. COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY (ADDITION)
7 + ( - 2 ) = 5 AND - 2 + 7 = 5
- 3 + ( - 9 ) = - 12 AND - 9 + ( - 3 ) = - 12
- 6 + 21 = 15 AND 21 + ( - 6 ) = 15
23 + 50 = 73 AND 50 + 23 = 73
From above examples we can say addition is commutative for
integers
6. We can say in general
For any two integers a and b ,
a + b = b + a
7. Multiplication of Integers
Multiplication of a positive and a negative
integer
4 x ( - 3 ) = - 12 - 10 x 33 = - 330
- 5 x 7 = - 35 101 x ( - 8 ) = - 808
From the above examples it is clear that while multiplying
a positive integer and a negative integer, we simply
multiply them and put a negative sign before them . We
thus get a negative integer.
8. Multiplication of two negative integers
- 4 x ( - 3 ) = 12 - 100 x ( - 20 ) = 2000
- 5 x - 7 = 35 - 7 x ( - 3 ) = 21
Product ( multiplication ) of two negative integers is a
positive integer.
We multiply two negative integers by ignoring the
negative sign of both integers and put the positive sign
before the product.
9. Multiplication properties of Integers
CLOSURE PROPERTY UNDER MULTIPLICATION
1000 x ( - 37 ) = - 37000 ( - 50 ) x ( - 10 ) = 500
5621 x 20 = 11240 ( - 15 ) x 6 = - 90
The product of two integers is again an integer. Therefore
integers are closed under multiplication.
10. - 12 ÷ ( - 2 ) = 6
- 35 ÷ ( - 7 ) = 5
When we divide a negative integer by a negative integer, we
first divide them and then put a positive sign ( + ) before the
quotient .
https://www.udemy.com/course/basics-of-
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11. Properties of Division of integers
- 8 ÷ ( - 4 ) = 2
- 4 ÷ ( - 8 ) = 0.5
80 ÷ 20 = 4
20 ÷ 80 = 0.25
Division is not commutative for integers
Integers are also not closed under division. Since division of
two integers is not always an integer.
12. Any integer divided by zero is not defined
a ÷ 0 is not defined , a is an integer
Zero divided by an integer other than zero is equal to zero.
0 ÷ a = 0
where a is an integer and is not equal to zero
13. FOR COMPLETE TOPICS/LECTURES ON INTEGERS
Visit my Udemy lectures. Link is given below
https://www.udemy.com/course/basics-of-
math/?referralCode=6FF51E8FD0CE20F99D35