This document provides an overview of an I&C training session for non-I&C professionals. The training covers what I&C is, what it does not do, who it interfaces with, typical activities and deliverables, and where problems often occur. I&C, or instrumentation and controls, involves sensors, valves and the control system that connects them. While I&C specifies requirements and designs systems, it relies on other disciplines for physical installation and programming. I&C works closely with process, mechanical, piping and electrical engineers. Key I&C deliverables include indexes, lists, diagrams and procedures to define installed systems. Common challenges include late changes, lack of input on complex equipment, and schedule issues casc
El documento presenta una serie de chancadoras hidrocónicas fabricadas por Sandvik Mining and Construction, incluyendo las series H y S. Describe las características de diseño como la geometría de la cámara de chancado, el sistema hidráulico Hydroset y la regulación automática del ajuste ASRi, los cuales permiten un chancado inteligente con alta productividad y bajo costo total. También incluye tablas con las especificaciones y capacidades de los diferentes modelos.
El documento describe varias líneas de bombas de lodos fabricadas por Svedala para aplicaciones industriales. Incluye bombas horizontales resistentes (XR/XM), de alta resistencia (HR/HM), y para minería (MR/MM), así como bombas verticales para sumideros (VS), depósitos (VT), y espuma (VF). El documento también destaca las ventajas de diseño como materiales resistentes al desgaste, acceso para mantenimiento, y rendimiento para aplicaciones abrasivas.
Cutting nozzle tip specification
Our products range of cutting tips covers a large scale of usage, suitable for many kinds of branded cutting torches, such as TANAKA, Victor, Lincoln...
El documento presenta información sobre Comtuvalvula S.A.S., una empresa importadora y distribuidora de tuberías, válvulas, bridas y accesorios para plantas industriales. Incluye tablas con los diámetros, espesores y pesos comunes de tuberías, así como detalles sobre las tolerancias. La compañía ofrece productos de fabricantes reconocidos a nivel internacional y nacional para el transporte y control de fluidos industriales.
Este documento promove os produtos da Tupperware para festas e comemorações em casa, com destaque para itens como Cupcake na Xícara, Mini Copinhos e Refri Line Docinho. Oferece também dicas culinárias e promoções com descontos de até 35% em itens selecionados.
Control valves are used to control conditions like flow, pressure, temperature, and liquid level by opening or closing in response to signals from controllers. The document discusses sizing, construction, and types of control valves. It covers topics like globe body design, ANSI standards for sizing and construction, end preparations, and tests conducted on control valves like hydrostatic shell tests and functional tests. Actuator types and positioners are also mentioned. Standards for sizing, testing, cavitation, and noise are listed.
OM INTERNATIONAL is a renowned Manufacturer, Exporter, Importer and Supplier of Lathe Machine, All Geared Lathe Machine, Boring Machine, Planner Machine, Plano Miller Machine, Shaping Machine, Drilling Machine, Milling Machine, Slotting Machines, Hydraulic Press Machine, Power Press Machines, Hydraulic Hacksaw Machine, Band saw Machines. We have the experience and engineering expertise of manufacturing machines and equipment for Steel Rolling Mills, Paper Mills, Sugar Mills and Forging Units. Designed as per industry standards, our range of Lathe Machines, Drilling Machines, All Geared Lathe Machine, Boring Machine and Milling Machine are known for its robust construction, corrosion resistance and high performance.
This document is a welder qualification test record that documents the variables and results of a welder qualification test conducted on July 28, 2018 as per AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2015. The welder, MD.WASIM AKRAM, qualified using the SMAW process with E 7018 electrode on a fillet weld with a thickness of 10mm in the flat position on an A36 steel backing plate. The visual, macroetch, and fracture tests all yielded satisfactory results, qualifying the welder.
El documento presenta una serie de chancadoras hidrocónicas fabricadas por Sandvik Mining and Construction, incluyendo las series H y S. Describe las características de diseño como la geometría de la cámara de chancado, el sistema hidráulico Hydroset y la regulación automática del ajuste ASRi, los cuales permiten un chancado inteligente con alta productividad y bajo costo total. También incluye tablas con las especificaciones y capacidades de los diferentes modelos.
El documento describe varias líneas de bombas de lodos fabricadas por Svedala para aplicaciones industriales. Incluye bombas horizontales resistentes (XR/XM), de alta resistencia (HR/HM), y para minería (MR/MM), así como bombas verticales para sumideros (VS), depósitos (VT), y espuma (VF). El documento también destaca las ventajas de diseño como materiales resistentes al desgaste, acceso para mantenimiento, y rendimiento para aplicaciones abrasivas.
Cutting nozzle tip specification
Our products range of cutting tips covers a large scale of usage, suitable for many kinds of branded cutting torches, such as TANAKA, Victor, Lincoln...
El documento presenta información sobre Comtuvalvula S.A.S., una empresa importadora y distribuidora de tuberías, válvulas, bridas y accesorios para plantas industriales. Incluye tablas con los diámetros, espesores y pesos comunes de tuberías, así como detalles sobre las tolerancias. La compañía ofrece productos de fabricantes reconocidos a nivel internacional y nacional para el transporte y control de fluidos industriales.
Este documento promove os produtos da Tupperware para festas e comemorações em casa, com destaque para itens como Cupcake na Xícara, Mini Copinhos e Refri Line Docinho. Oferece também dicas culinárias e promoções com descontos de até 35% em itens selecionados.
Control valves are used to control conditions like flow, pressure, temperature, and liquid level by opening or closing in response to signals from controllers. The document discusses sizing, construction, and types of control valves. It covers topics like globe body design, ANSI standards for sizing and construction, end preparations, and tests conducted on control valves like hydrostatic shell tests and functional tests. Actuator types and positioners are also mentioned. Standards for sizing, testing, cavitation, and noise are listed.
OM INTERNATIONAL is a renowned Manufacturer, Exporter, Importer and Supplier of Lathe Machine, All Geared Lathe Machine, Boring Machine, Planner Machine, Plano Miller Machine, Shaping Machine, Drilling Machine, Milling Machine, Slotting Machines, Hydraulic Press Machine, Power Press Machines, Hydraulic Hacksaw Machine, Band saw Machines. We have the experience and engineering expertise of manufacturing machines and equipment for Steel Rolling Mills, Paper Mills, Sugar Mills and Forging Units. Designed as per industry standards, our range of Lathe Machines, Drilling Machines, All Geared Lathe Machine, Boring Machine and Milling Machine are known for its robust construction, corrosion resistance and high performance.
This document is a welder qualification test record that documents the variables and results of a welder qualification test conducted on July 28, 2018 as per AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2015. The welder, MD.WASIM AKRAM, qualified using the SMAW process with E 7018 electrode on a fillet weld with a thickness of 10mm in the flat position on an A36 steel backing plate. The visual, macroetch, and fracture tests all yielded satisfactory results, qualifying the welder.
This document provides information about pipes, including:
1. Pipes are cylindrical shells used to transport fluids, defined by their Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) and wall thickness. NPS refers to the pipe's diameter.
2. Pipe wall thickness is expressed in Schedule Numbers, with higher schedules indicating thicker walls. Inside diameter decreases as schedule number increases for the same NPS.
3. Pipes are classified as seamless, welded, or electric resistance welded (ERW). Seamless pipes can withstand higher pressures and temperatures than welded pipes.
4. The document provides formulas for calculating pipe inside diameter based on flow rate, and wall thickness based on internal pressure and material
The document discusses using pressure swing adsorption with silver zeolites to produce a continuous flow of 99% oxygen from air. It aims to develop portable and hospital oxygen separation devices. Pressure swing adsorption uses adsorbent materials like zeolites and carbon nanotubes in two columns to separate oxygen from nitrogen and argon through selective adsorption. The document evaluates different zeolite materials and their ability to produce high purity oxygen while also removing nitrogen and argon. It also considers the economics of using such a system in hospitals and portable devices.
The Schunk Group was founded in 1913 in Germany and is now an international technology group with more than 60 companies present in 33 countries employing approximately 8,000 people. The Schunk companies are committed to quality, the environment, and the welfare of their employees and customers by finding the best solutions for their needs. The Schunk Group is organized into four divisions: Schunk Materials, Weiss Group, Schunk Sinter Metals, and Schunk Sonosystems.
Process piping fundamentals, codes and standards module 1BHARAT BELLAD
This document provides an overview of process piping fundamentals, codes, and standards. It covers topics such as pipe sizes, schedules, dimensions, materials, pressure ratings, and applicable design codes. The document is the first module in a nine-part course that introduces piping engineering concepts. It is divided into three chapters that cover piping systems basics, definitions and terminology, and relevant codes and standards like ASME B31.
This is a reference drawing for a mechanical part or assembly. It provides design specifications and details for manufacturing. The drawing includes dimensions, tolerances, notes, and other geometric information needed to produce the part according to design requirements. Key features and relationships are defined to minimize misinterpretation and ensure interchangeability of parts.
This document is a piping material specification for a project located in Padur. It includes 3 pages of content listing abbreviations, a table of contents, an index of piping classes and materials, and 4 sheets providing details on pipe sizes, materials, and fitting types for Pipe Class A13A. The document specifies material types, standards, and notes for a 150# carbon steel piping system conveying corrosive hydrocarbons.
Enviro Tech Industrial Products offers a wide range of industrial filters for applications such as air and water pollution analysis, liquid clarification, and cell harvesting. Their filter product line includes fine filters, pre-filters, HVAC filters, HEPA filters, bag filters, carbon filters, fuel filters, and oil filters. The filters are manufactured using materials like non-woven synthetic media, activated charcoal, and expanded metal mesh in various micron ratings and sizes.
This document provides information on different types of fasteners and springs. It discusses permanent and temporary fasteners such as welding, gluing, riveting, bolts, and screws. It also covers threaded and non-threaded fasteners. The purposes of fasteners are to hold parts together or allow movement. Thread standards such as UNC and UNF are also described. Additionally, the document discusses spring types, important spring dimensions, how to specify springs, and methods to represent springs in drawings.
This is a equivalent list of most used lubricants in the Americas.
It gives you just a indication which lubricant is equivalent with another brand. Always contact your mechanic or authorized lubricant dealer for more information.
For Rexoil Lubricants information please visit: www.rexoil-americas.com
Toyota bt reflex rre140 reach forklift reach trucks service repair manualfusefjjskekmm
This document is a repair manual for BT Industries AB trucks that provides information on functions, components, and repair procedures. It applies to truck models RRE140, RRE160, RRE180, RRE200, and RRE250 with serial numbers between 6070557-816. The manual has been revised multiple times with updates to chapters, parameters, and error codes. It contains diagrams, part numbers, and instructions for maintenance and repairs.
Rex and Link-Belt Spherical Roller Bearing Units RexnordArve
This document provides an overview and catalog of Rex and Link-Belt spherical roller bearing units. It includes sections on Rex spherical roller bearing units features and benefits, shaft mounting styles, seal ratings and speed limits, nomenclature, engineering selection guides, and housing styles. It also includes sections on Link-Belt spherical roller bearing units features and benefits, seal ratings and speed limits, nomenclature, engineering selection guides, housing styles, and replacement parts. The document serves as a reference for different bearing unit product lines, specifications, and application guides.
1. O documento apresenta tabelas com as dimensões de flanges de acordo com padrões ASME/ANSI, DIN, ABNT, ISO e AWWA.
2. Inclui especificações técnicas de aços usados na fabricação de flanges e exemplos de especificações.
3. As tabelas fornecem as dimensões principais de flanges para diferentes classes de pressão e diâmetros nominais.
This document outlines the contents of a training course on hot tapping requirements and simulation. The course contains 4 modules: 1) Piping systems, which covers pipes, flanges, fittings, and gaskets; 2) Welding processes, symbols, electrodes, and non-destructive testing; 3) Hot tapping requirements; and 4) Hot tapping simulation. Module 1 provides details on piping materials, sizes, standards, and components. Module 2 describes common welding techniques and introduces welding symbols. Module 3 focuses on hot tapping requirements, while Module 4 involves simulations of hot tapping procedures.
Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in-line components, known as fittings, valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of Piping Design (or Piping Engineering). Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process.
"Piping" sometimes refers to Piping Design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called Drafting, Technical drawing, Engineering Drawing, and Design but is today commonly performed by Designers who have learned to use automated Computer Aided Drawing / Computer Aided Design (CAD) software
This document summarizes a student project on designing and analyzing pressure vessels using conventional and ASME standards methods. It includes:
- Design and analysis of pressure vessels using conventional design, 3D modeling, ANSYS analysis, and ASME code design using PV-Elite software.
- Comparison of designs from conventional versus ASME code methods to determine the safest and most economical approach.
- The project aims to avoid pressure vessel failures and accidents through optimized design and increased safety factors.
The training content covers:
- Importance of proper bearing storage
- Importance of proper bearing installation
- Importance of bearing maintenance
- Bearing mounting and dismounting methods
This document describes and provides specifications for various products used in earthing and lightning protection systems, including: copper bonded earth rods, couplers, clamps, brackets, terminals, and tapes. The products are made from materials like copper, steel, and copper alloys. They come in various sizes and thread diameters to accommodate different conductor diameters and system configurations.
O documento lista diversos produtos para isolamento e fixação de fios e cabos, como abraçadeiras de velcro reutilizáveis, botões acionadores, colunas de instrumentos para veículos, espaguete termo-retrátil em diferentes bitolas e comprimentos, fitas anti-ruído de feltro e PVC e esponjas com essência para veículos.
The document discusses different types of suction rolls used in papermaking, how they function to remove water from sheets and transfer sheets between felts. It explains that seal strips are important for defining the vacuum area and can wear out over time due to factors like overloading pressure. Proper operation of suction rolls through techniques like adjusting air pressure, cleaning showers, and box attitude optimization is important to maximize efficiency and minimize costs.
H08 Principles of Power Systems Design phase3-120A
This document provides guidance for a classroom lesson on identifying the principles of electrical power system design. The lesson objectives are to determine power system design criteria, understand and apply voltage drop calculations to the design process, and understand logistical requirements. Students will be evaluated on their understanding through an examination requiring a score of 80% or higher. The document lists relevant design standards and regulations and provides an example voltage drop calculation.
The document provides an overview of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) including their purpose, components, and standard symbols. It discusses that P&IDs are schematic diagrams that define process equipment and instrumentation using standardized symbols. While there is no single universal standard, the ISA 5.1 standard governs common symbols. P&IDs provide key information to support equipment specification and installation through lists generated from the diagrams. Control loops and instrumentation tags are also standardized.
This document provides information about pipes, including:
1. Pipes are cylindrical shells used to transport fluids, defined by their Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) and wall thickness. NPS refers to the pipe's diameter.
2. Pipe wall thickness is expressed in Schedule Numbers, with higher schedules indicating thicker walls. Inside diameter decreases as schedule number increases for the same NPS.
3. Pipes are classified as seamless, welded, or electric resistance welded (ERW). Seamless pipes can withstand higher pressures and temperatures than welded pipes.
4. The document provides formulas for calculating pipe inside diameter based on flow rate, and wall thickness based on internal pressure and material
The document discusses using pressure swing adsorption with silver zeolites to produce a continuous flow of 99% oxygen from air. It aims to develop portable and hospital oxygen separation devices. Pressure swing adsorption uses adsorbent materials like zeolites and carbon nanotubes in two columns to separate oxygen from nitrogen and argon through selective adsorption. The document evaluates different zeolite materials and their ability to produce high purity oxygen while also removing nitrogen and argon. It also considers the economics of using such a system in hospitals and portable devices.
The Schunk Group was founded in 1913 in Germany and is now an international technology group with more than 60 companies present in 33 countries employing approximately 8,000 people. The Schunk companies are committed to quality, the environment, and the welfare of their employees and customers by finding the best solutions for their needs. The Schunk Group is organized into four divisions: Schunk Materials, Weiss Group, Schunk Sinter Metals, and Schunk Sonosystems.
Process piping fundamentals, codes and standards module 1BHARAT BELLAD
This document provides an overview of process piping fundamentals, codes, and standards. It covers topics such as pipe sizes, schedules, dimensions, materials, pressure ratings, and applicable design codes. The document is the first module in a nine-part course that introduces piping engineering concepts. It is divided into three chapters that cover piping systems basics, definitions and terminology, and relevant codes and standards like ASME B31.
This is a reference drawing for a mechanical part or assembly. It provides design specifications and details for manufacturing. The drawing includes dimensions, tolerances, notes, and other geometric information needed to produce the part according to design requirements. Key features and relationships are defined to minimize misinterpretation and ensure interchangeability of parts.
This document is a piping material specification for a project located in Padur. It includes 3 pages of content listing abbreviations, a table of contents, an index of piping classes and materials, and 4 sheets providing details on pipe sizes, materials, and fitting types for Pipe Class A13A. The document specifies material types, standards, and notes for a 150# carbon steel piping system conveying corrosive hydrocarbons.
Enviro Tech Industrial Products offers a wide range of industrial filters for applications such as air and water pollution analysis, liquid clarification, and cell harvesting. Their filter product line includes fine filters, pre-filters, HVAC filters, HEPA filters, bag filters, carbon filters, fuel filters, and oil filters. The filters are manufactured using materials like non-woven synthetic media, activated charcoal, and expanded metal mesh in various micron ratings and sizes.
This document provides information on different types of fasteners and springs. It discusses permanent and temporary fasteners such as welding, gluing, riveting, bolts, and screws. It also covers threaded and non-threaded fasteners. The purposes of fasteners are to hold parts together or allow movement. Thread standards such as UNC and UNF are also described. Additionally, the document discusses spring types, important spring dimensions, how to specify springs, and methods to represent springs in drawings.
This is a equivalent list of most used lubricants in the Americas.
It gives you just a indication which lubricant is equivalent with another brand. Always contact your mechanic or authorized lubricant dealer for more information.
For Rexoil Lubricants information please visit: www.rexoil-americas.com
Toyota bt reflex rre140 reach forklift reach trucks service repair manualfusefjjskekmm
This document is a repair manual for BT Industries AB trucks that provides information on functions, components, and repair procedures. It applies to truck models RRE140, RRE160, RRE180, RRE200, and RRE250 with serial numbers between 6070557-816. The manual has been revised multiple times with updates to chapters, parameters, and error codes. It contains diagrams, part numbers, and instructions for maintenance and repairs.
Rex and Link-Belt Spherical Roller Bearing Units RexnordArve
This document provides an overview and catalog of Rex and Link-Belt spherical roller bearing units. It includes sections on Rex spherical roller bearing units features and benefits, shaft mounting styles, seal ratings and speed limits, nomenclature, engineering selection guides, and housing styles. It also includes sections on Link-Belt spherical roller bearing units features and benefits, seal ratings and speed limits, nomenclature, engineering selection guides, housing styles, and replacement parts. The document serves as a reference for different bearing unit product lines, specifications, and application guides.
1. O documento apresenta tabelas com as dimensões de flanges de acordo com padrões ASME/ANSI, DIN, ABNT, ISO e AWWA.
2. Inclui especificações técnicas de aços usados na fabricação de flanges e exemplos de especificações.
3. As tabelas fornecem as dimensões principais de flanges para diferentes classes de pressão e diâmetros nominais.
This document outlines the contents of a training course on hot tapping requirements and simulation. The course contains 4 modules: 1) Piping systems, which covers pipes, flanges, fittings, and gaskets; 2) Welding processes, symbols, electrodes, and non-destructive testing; 3) Hot tapping requirements; and 4) Hot tapping simulation. Module 1 provides details on piping materials, sizes, standards, and components. Module 2 describes common welding techniques and introduces welding symbols. Module 3 focuses on hot tapping requirements, while Module 4 involves simulations of hot tapping procedures.
Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in-line components, known as fittings, valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of Piping Design (or Piping Engineering). Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process.
"Piping" sometimes refers to Piping Design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called Drafting, Technical drawing, Engineering Drawing, and Design but is today commonly performed by Designers who have learned to use automated Computer Aided Drawing / Computer Aided Design (CAD) software
This document summarizes a student project on designing and analyzing pressure vessels using conventional and ASME standards methods. It includes:
- Design and analysis of pressure vessels using conventional design, 3D modeling, ANSYS analysis, and ASME code design using PV-Elite software.
- Comparison of designs from conventional versus ASME code methods to determine the safest and most economical approach.
- The project aims to avoid pressure vessel failures and accidents through optimized design and increased safety factors.
The training content covers:
- Importance of proper bearing storage
- Importance of proper bearing installation
- Importance of bearing maintenance
- Bearing mounting and dismounting methods
This document describes and provides specifications for various products used in earthing and lightning protection systems, including: copper bonded earth rods, couplers, clamps, brackets, terminals, and tapes. The products are made from materials like copper, steel, and copper alloys. They come in various sizes and thread diameters to accommodate different conductor diameters and system configurations.
O documento lista diversos produtos para isolamento e fixação de fios e cabos, como abraçadeiras de velcro reutilizáveis, botões acionadores, colunas de instrumentos para veículos, espaguete termo-retrátil em diferentes bitolas e comprimentos, fitas anti-ruído de feltro e PVC e esponjas com essência para veículos.
The document discusses different types of suction rolls used in papermaking, how they function to remove water from sheets and transfer sheets between felts. It explains that seal strips are important for defining the vacuum area and can wear out over time due to factors like overloading pressure. Proper operation of suction rolls through techniques like adjusting air pressure, cleaning showers, and box attitude optimization is important to maximize efficiency and minimize costs.
H08 Principles of Power Systems Design phase3-120A
This document provides guidance for a classroom lesson on identifying the principles of electrical power system design. The lesson objectives are to determine power system design criteria, understand and apply voltage drop calculations to the design process, and understand logistical requirements. Students will be evaluated on their understanding through an examination requiring a score of 80% or higher. The document lists relevant design standards and regulations and provides an example voltage drop calculation.
The document provides an overview of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) including their purpose, components, and standard symbols. It discusses that P&IDs are schematic diagrams that define process equipment and instrumentation using standardized symbols. While there is no single universal standard, the ISA 5.1 standard governs common symbols. P&IDs provide key information to support equipment specification and installation through lists generated from the diagrams. Control loops and instrumentation tags are also standardized.
The document discusses process flow diagrams (PFDs) and process and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs), which are diagrams used in chemical and process engineering. A PFD shows the major equipment and flow of materials in a process at a high level, while a P&ID includes more detailed information on instrumentation and piping. Both diagrams are developed iteratively and include defined sets of symbols to represent process components and are used across engineering disciplines in designing and understanding processes.
IoT from the Box for Small and medium sized manufacturers with M-Box. Easy to install for instant real-time data from your machines integrated in a project and order management platform that can be connected to ERP, Power BI etc.
Petro-SIZE for design and rating of heat exchangers.pdfpetrolink2021
This document discusses new functionalities in Petro-SIM software for equipment sizing and costing. It outlines how Petro-SIM can now export simulation results to equipment datasheet templates in Excel. Integration with Petro-SIZE software will allow sizing calculations to be performed. Future integration with Cost Engineering's Cleopatra software is planned to provide cost estimates at each design iteration for improved accuracy.
Loop diagrams are schematic representations of instrumentation and control circuits used in process control systems. They show all electrical, pneumatic and physical connections for a loop including signal, power and utility connections. Key elements shown are field devices, control panels, junction boxes and terminal identification. Instrument action (direct or reverse) and energy supplies such as air, power and hydraulic are also identified. Guidelines specify that one loop should be depicted per drawing and that standard symbols are used to represent components and connections.
Connectix Commercial Overview Dc Session 8 Using The Fear Model To Design...paul_mathews
This document introduces the FEAR model for data center design, which stands for Footprint, Energy, Arrangement, and Redundancy. It provides an overview of how to apply the FEAR model to define the necessary footprint, energy requirements, equipment arrangement, and required redundancy for a data center project. The FEAR model is intended to help data center designers and consultants strategically plan and design flexible, scalable data centers for Tier I and Tier II facilities.
This document describes the instrumentation engineering capabilities of a Croatian company, including:
- Over 30 years of combined experience in heavy duty gas turbine instrumentation with an average of 10 years per instrumentation engineer.
- Expertise in instrumentation design from validation through data acquisition for main thermal block components.
- Capabilities across various instrumentation areas like intake systems, compressors, combustors, turbines, and electrical/control systems.
- Services include concept development, circuit design, cabinet layout, documentation, and manufacturing support.
The document discusses reverse engineering concepts applied to control and monitoring systems. Reverse engineering involves recreating system documentation when the original documents are incomplete, do not match the actual system, or are non-compliant with standards. It entails analyzing the system to understand how it functions and developing updated documentation. The summary provides an overview of reverse engineering for a nuclear material movement system at a medical isotope reactor facility. The system required reverse engineering because the existing documentation did not fully capture all changes made to the hardware, software, and processes since initial commissioning. The goal was to develop design requirement documents compliant with regulations to allow the system to operate at a production level.
This document discusses specification forms used for instrumentation. It explains that specification forms provide important details about instruments, including signal type, measured fluid, pressure/temperature requirements, and area classification. Standard forms from ANSI/ISA-20-1981 are often modified with additional or omitted fields. Filling out the forms requires process, code, and product knowledge. The document also discusses classified production areas and intrinsic safety.
This document is a resume for Ahmed Elsayed Ahmed Rageh. It outlines his objective of finding an opportunity that utilizes his education and experience. It provides details of his educational background including degrees in electrical power engineering. It lists his work experience from 2009 to present as a project and electrical engineer for Egypt Bahraini Gas Derivatives Co., from 2006 to 2009 as a projects and maintenance engineer for WEST BAKR PETROLUM CO., and from 2004 to 2006 as a maintenance and site engineer for Baker Hughes CENTRILIFT Inc. It also provides an overview of his skills, languages, hobbies, and experience providing lectures on various electrical engineering topics.
The document provides an overview of piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It discusses the objectives of understanding P&IDs and their utilization. It describes the three levels of diagrams - block flow diagram, process flow diagram, and P&ID. P&IDs are the principal documents that define a process, including all mechanical aspects except pipe routing. Symbols and abbreviations are used on P&IDs to depict equipment, piping, valves, instruments, and controls. Process control loops are also explained, consisting of elements that sense process variables, compare values, and correct the process.
Measuresoft is an Irish software company specializing in real-time information systems for industries including oil and gas, power generation, manufacturing, and more. Their main products are ScadaPro, a real-time data acquisition and monitoring software, and DrillPro for rig site mud logging and depth measurement. Measuresoft offers customized solutions using their software along with integrated hardware for applications such as well testing, completions, drilling operations, refinery simulation, and WITS data management.
Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) are complex diagrams that show the piping, instrumentation, and process flow in chemical plants. The presentation discusses P&IDs in detail, including:
1. The purpose of P&IDs in understanding chemical processes, operations, and maintenance.
2. The various standards and symbols used to represent equipment, piping, instruments, and their interconnectivity.
3. How P&IDs are developed through various stages and used by different engineering departments and industries for design and operations.
4. Examples of software that can be used to create detailed P&IDs.
This document introduces the parts inside a computer case and safety precautions for working on computers. It discusses the various components found in cases like the motherboard, processor, memory, drives, and power supply. Case types include tower, desktop, laptop, and all-in-one. Common ports and connectors for components like hard drives, floppy drives, and the power supply are also outlined. The document emphasizes safety measures for avoiding electrical shock like disconnecting power and using a grounded anti-static wrist strap when working inside cases.
Suresh Kumar has over 6 years of experience as an Industrial Automation Engineer, specializing in control panel design, testing, commissioning, troubleshooting, PLC programming, and project support. He has a Bachelor's degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and has managed multiple automation projects from design through commissioning. Some of his responsibilities include electrical and instrumentation design, PLC and SCADA programming, calibrating instruments, cable routing, and training customers on maintenance. He has worked on various projects in industries such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.
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Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
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1. OGC EPC LEAD TRAINING
I&C TRAINING FOR NON-I&C
PROFESSIONALS
2. ► The purpose of this session is to inform non-I&C
professionals of the inner workings of the I&C discipline.
• Workflow
• Deliverables
• Interdiscipline interfaces
► The focus is on detailed design phase for an EPC project
► If we each understand what other disciplines do and why we can
work together more effectively
► There’s less voodoo involved than you may think
2
INTRODUCTION
8. ► What is I&C?
► What doesn’t I&C do and why not?
► Who do we interface with?
► Main activities and deliverables
► Where do we usually have problems?
8
AGENDA
10. ► Instrumentation
• Sensors to measure process variables
► Flow
► Level
► Pressure
► Temperature
► Etc.
• Final elements to make adjustments to the process
► Control valves
► On / off valves
► Motor controls
► Etc.
1 0
What is I&C?
11. ► Controls
• The system that takes the measurements from the sensors, compares against
setpoints, and tells the final elements (valves) what to do
• Hardware and software
► Distributed Control System (DCS)
► Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
► Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
► Vibration Monitoring
► Etc.
1 1
What is I&C?
13. 1 3
What doesn’t I&C do and why not?
► System integration
• Physical building and assembly of panels
• We often do conceptual design
• Full details may be our design or by a third party
• Sub to third party for fabrication, interconnect, testing
► Programming
• Coding of the control system
• Graphics
• We define what needs to be done
• Sub to third party specialist to program
• Some details left to their expertise
15. 1 5
Who do we interface with?
► Process
• Provides the main inputs (P&IDs and process data) for I&C work
► Mechanical
• I&C provides input into packaged equipment specs
• Mechanical outputs I&C dimensions and details from equipment vendors
► Piping
• Need a lot of information from each other
• Layout and locations of instruments and valves, straight run and nozzle requirements,
dimensions, locations of air users
► Electrical
• Need a lot of information from each other
• Power and grounding, motor controls, cable quantities and routing, communications
► C/S/A
• Buildings such as analyzer shelters or RIE Building
17. ► Specify I&C requirements for mechanical equipment
► Specify and procure I&C materials
► Instrument index
► I/O list
► Installation details
► Instrument location plans
1 7
Main activities and deliverables
LEGEND
Prefer to maximize SPI use
Little or no SPI
18. ► Instrument cable schedule
► Instrument wiring diagrams
► Control narratives / cause & effect diagrams
► Perform Factory Acceptance Tests (FAT)
► Loop drawings
1 8
Main activities and deliverables
LEGEND
Prefer to maximize SPI use
Little or no SPI
19. ► Manufacturer standard or customize to client specs?
• Usually customized
• Major cost, schedule, operability / maintainability impact
• Requirements for control system, instruments, nozzles, accessibility, documentation
• Perform document reviews, assist with FAT
► Compressors
► Fired equipment
► Other packaged equipment
► Limited scope on vessels,
heat exchangers, pumps,
fans, etc.
1 9
I&C requirements for mechanical equipment
20. ► Large and long-lead items first
• Delivery may be a concern
• May drive plant layout
• Usually multi-discipline impacts
► Control systems
► Instrument buildings
► Complex analyzers
► Meter skids
► Some valves and specialty instruments
► Usually written spec (not data sheet)
2 0
Specify and procure I&C materials
23. ► Inlines and vessel trim next
• Need process data to do specs
• Piping needs dimensions, straight run requirements, etc.
• Relief valves occur late
► Valves
► Flow meters
► Level instruments
2 3
Specify and procure I&C materials
24. ► Basic transmitters and gauges last
• Need process data to do specs
• Usually largest quantities
• Delivery generally fast
• Many available within days if necessary
• Impact on other disciplines is very small
► Flexible scheduling needed
2 4
Specify and procure I&C materials
25. ► Purpose is to link all other documents together
► For every instrument tag it provides:
• Instrument type
• Description
• P&ID number
• Loop number
• I/O type
2 5
Instrument index
26. ► Defines scope for who furnishes and who installs
► Defines physical location
• Location plan
• Equipment number
• Line number
► Defines how to install references
• Installation details, wiring drawings, loops
► Defines PTA or TA, work areas and turnover system
► Subs and EIC superintendents use for progress tracking
2 6
Instrument index
28. ► Instrument index focuses on physical devices and installation
► I/O list focuses on details of software and control system
programming
• Defines where each instrument wires to control system (the I/O point)
• Defines how each point is to be programmed
• Alarm setpoints and priorities may be included, or may be a separate document
► Quantities are used to define the size of each control system
► Main document used by the programmer (third party) to do
their work
2 8
I/O list
29. ► Defines the materials and methods for installing each
instrument
• Supports (pipe stands)
• Process connections
• Conduit connections
• Heat trace and insulation
► Selected based on process needs, accessibility, electrical
considerations
► Subs are the main user
► Also used by electrical (with instrument index) to define heat
trace requirements
2 9
Installation details
31. ► Shows locations of instruments, junction boxes, and control
systems requiring wire
► Instruments without wire aren’t shown
► Sometimes we show instruments that require tubing but no wire
(not always)
► Requires piping design to be substantially complete (90%
Model Review)
• Must know locations of connections to piping and equipment
• XYZ coordinates are extracted from the 3D model
► Allow visualization of wiring and conduit routing
• Used by subs to estimate materials and plan work
► Used by electrical for grounding, cable tray, and heat trace
design
3 1
Instrument location plans
33. ► Defines each cable type, how to route, where terminated
► Developed in parallel with location plans and wiring diagrams
► I&C provides basic details on each instrument cable
• Electrical provides additional details
• Electrical incorporates into master cable schedule
• Close coordination required on power cables for instruments
3 3
Instrument cable schedule
34. ► Indicates every wire entering and leaving every panel
► Includes signal cables, communication cables, fiber optics
► Cables are pulled to panels based on cable schedule
► Once all cables are pulled to a panel, termination work begins
► Instructs electricians where to terminate wires inside junction
boxes, panels, and at control system
► For motors, closely coordinated with electrical:
• Motor schematics may sometimes be late deliverable for electrical but I&C at least
needs typical schematics to be able to design
• Interposing relay panel design
3 4
Instrument wiring diagrams
36. ► Process defines purpose and intent of each loop
• Controllers
• Interlocks
• Permissives
• Modes of operation or sequence of operation
► I&C provides additional details and adds functions as
information becomes available
► After the programmer finishes basic I/O configuration and
graphics, they use these documents next
• Program complex controllers
• Program interlock and permissive logic
• Program logic sequences
3 6
Control narrative / cause & effect diagrams
38. ► A witnessed approval and testing process
► Verify what was built or programmed meets spec, matches
drawings, functions as intended
► Fix problems in shop before shipping
► Performed on:
• Mechanical equipment that comes with a control system or significant instrument
scope
• Instrument buildings
• Meter skids
• Complex analyzers
• Control system hardware
• Control system graphics and programming
3 8
Factory Acceptance Tests (FAT)
39. ► Not a construction document
► Nearly all information on loops is already provided in other
documents
► Loops link the wiring diagrams and location plans together
in one place
► Used for loop checkout and turnover
► Extremely useful for troubleshooting
3 9
Loop drawings
42. ► Usually due to late client changes or receipt of more detailed
equipment information
► Requires re-evaluation of instruments and valves
► May change dimensions and cascade into piping changes
4 2
Process data changes
Multi-discipline specs / drawing reviews
► Everyone gets busy
► Inadequate input into specs for complex items
► Inadequate review of vendor drawings by other disciplines
► Not attending FAT
► Problems that could have been prevented make it to the field
43. ► Usually because of vendor “black boxes” on P&IDs
► Shows up most visibly with changes in cable schedule
► Each item impacts many documents and takes time to capture
4 3
“Hidden” instruments and control panels
Instruments lost or damaged
► Water damage (outside storage) – usually come with equipment
► “Borrowed” for another project or maintenance
► Used by workers as a ladder to get to out-of-reach items
► Don’t know there’s a problem until hydrotest or loop check
► CRISIS!
44. ► Usually panels with Z-purge or vortex cooler, analyzers
► Not shown on P&ID unless I&C adds it, piping is unaware of
locations or quantities until informed
► Some normal items like a control valve in a remote location
4 4
Air users that don’t get air
Planning for construction support / initial ops
► Early planning is critical
► Tool kit (literally) and skill set for I&C engineers and
designers vs. instrument technicians and turnover staff are
very different
► Each have a part to play, generally not interchangeable
► Plan early so the right tools and skills will be available
45. ► I&C relies on information from process and mechanical
► I&C is usually last off the project
► A slip in early dates cascades to a crunch on I&C
► Leads to…
4 5
No relief on schedule due to changes
Issuing incomplete information
► Issue on time but with holds for information?
• May help construction make progress
• More engineering and design labor required to retouch drawings
► Wait for more complete information?
• Drawings can be issued “whole”
• Causes schedule delay, and it would be nice to have…
46. ► Remember earlier about simple transmitters and gauges?
• Short delivery – not schedule critical
• No other disciplines affected by them
• Among the last items to be installed
► So why do we rush to get them bought and to the field?
► Causes problems
• Sit in warehouse for 6-12 months waiting to be needed
• Forces limited resources to work on items that are lower priority
• Could be working on items that actually affect other disciplines
► Consider these fill-in work to help level our staffing
4 6
Get it bought!
Opening discussion:
Discussion on Questions: Can ask questions during presentations. We will pass the mic. We are on a aggressive schedule to complete in our allotted time so if you can stay after I will be glad to answer anything you want.
You will be amazed about how much I&C really does .
Since 1962 there have been over 20 major tank farm fires, almost all due to tank overfill.
Standards have attempted to address by recommending independent high level alarms and/or shutoffs. Many older tanks still lack these features and only have a level gauge, maybe a transmitter, but they rely on the same sensor so if one fails, both often fail. The technology frequently used is known to be unreliable. There are better technologies but they are much more expensive.
This is Buncefield on a normal day before they had a major fire that happened when they overfilled a tank that was receiving gasoline from a pipeline
Tank that overfilled had a local level gauge with transmitter and independent high level shutoff switch.
It was unnoticed (or accepted as routine) that the local level gauge was no longer recording changes in level. The transmitter also wasn’t working since it used the same sensor as the local gauge. Unknown to the operators the independent high level switch also was failed because it was not being correctly used (not due to instrument failure).
The tank continued to be filled past its high level point and overflowed onto the ground for more than 20 minutes. As liquid overflowed, it splashed against a tank girder which caused it to spray out and vaporize into a cloud.
Offsite CCTV captured the vapor cloud spreading out into the public. The cloud was noticed by tanker truck drivers and the public before operators did.
Vapor cloud found an ignition source, believed to be from the fire-water pump being turned on, and caused an explosion.
Final tally:
No fatalities, but 43 people injured, mostly members of the public. Over 2000 people evacuated.
20 large storage tanks caught fire due to overfill, subsequent vapor cloud explosion from gasoline vapors, fire
Significant offsite damage
UK’s largest fire since WW II, burned for 5 days
Demonstrates importance of layers of protection. Any one of the instruments working right could possibly have prevented the incident. The only way this occurs is if all layers fail.
Sometimes operations forgets that there are multiple layers for a reason, and begins to use last-line-of-defense safety features as the normal operating method.
For example, when tanks have an automatic high level shutoff, sometimes operators no longer closely monitor tank levels and stop flow manually like they’re supposed to. They rely on the automatic shutoff only and if it fails, there’s no protection.
This can happen due to operators being operators, or in this case, management increasing throughput which degraded the ability of the operators to do their jobs effectively.
Layers of protection aren’t just about instruments. In this case there were multiple civil / structural layers of protection that failed also.
Concrete bund (dyke) around the tank was to contain the spill. Built only 3 years before, so relatively new. Because of damage from the fire it leaked through joints and around pipe penetrations leading to catastrophic failure.
Bund also contained two other tanks, which is a fairly common. So regardless of whether the bund failed, those other two tanks full of gasoline were going to be exposed to the fire.
Site lacked tertiary containment. Once the bund was breached, liquid entered storm water drains and spread across the site. Fuel was able to enter fire-water lagoon and rendered it useless. The fire pump house was flooded when fuel and fire-fighting liquids overflowed the lagoon and eventually flowed offsite further impacting the public.
All of our disciplines are important in preventing incidents like this.
Read the bullet points.
All sounds pretty simple, right? Just buy instruments, buy valves, buy control systems, and make them all work together.
It’s a common misconception. Often the actual specification, procurement, and vendor document review will account for only about 1/4 to 1/3rd of our design budget. There’s a lot of other things we do behind the scenes that total up to the rest.
Before we go into what I&C does, first we’ll discuss a couple things that I&C in OGC does not do.
Sometimes a perception that we do these things directly.
Both of these require a much different set of skills than doing engineering and design. Most companies who do this well specialize in it. We would not be competitive with them on cost.
Re. programming, in our industry there are many different systems in use, with systems dating back to 1975 – when DCS was first released by Honeywell and Yokogawa – still in operation today. Every variation of hardware, and every version of software, has different programming needs. There would be a massive investment required in physical hardware, software, and training to be able to service all these common variations.
Most programmers also tend to be highly specialized, with very limited and targeted skill sets. It’s not unusual to hear someone say “I build graphics for Honeywell TDC-3000 and Experion”, and that’s all they do. They don’t do logic, configure points, worry about networks, or even do graphics on systems other than those two they mentioned. Few individuals acquire all the skills needed to take care of all the needs of a single system, let alone many variations. It is very resource-intensive.
C/S/A generally no direct interface unless we have a building
What does I&C produce, what information do we need, and why do we do it in a certain order?
These are roughly listed in the sequence in which we’d do them
We’ll go through details on each of these and look at examples of most of them
Compressors can be the manufacturer’s off-the-shelf design, or like a control system that has a compressor attached to it, or anywhere between those extremes.
Fired equipment: Boilers and thermal oxidizers generally maximize equipment vendor’s scope for NFPA compliance. Designs tend to be standardized.
Refinery heaters generally minimize involvement because they are not very good at it. Every heater is totally customized.
BMI is involved on very few of these specs because each one tends to be highly customized, one-of-a-kind. Often written specs with no data sheets provided, or for things like analyzers will be multi-page data sheets rather than standard single page.
Multi-discipline impacts include input into specifications (piping, structural, electrical, etc.), needs for power, interface points with piping, foundations, etc.
For normal items, we create a spec package with a data sheet for each item – applies to next two categories, but not necessarily the previous category
Top half tends to be general information plus process data
Bottom half tends to be instrument or valve specifics and notes
Relief valves often occur late because process needs detailed info on layout, mechanical equipment, and control valves to be able to size them – so that’s usually among the last process data we receive. We realize it’s very important to piping both dimensionally and because of relieving forces for stress analysis, but schedule is almost always compressed for them because it has to be.
BMI is involved on many of these specs already, may be future opportunity to increase involvement. Most are custom engineered for the application, not much repeatability so we have tended to keep in U.S. where we can work more effectively with the suppliers.
Thermowells fall in between the last two categories – more important than a pressure gauge, but less important than a valve or flow meter.
BMI does the majority of specs in this category – they tend to be repeatable with large quantities
Even the simplest items require engineering knowledge to make proper selections from the catalog, but the components are standardized. Flexible scheduling allows more important activities to be prioritized so that “getting all materials on site” doesn’t become a distraction. More on this later.
Virtually all items require review and approval of vendor drawings and documents.
BMI performs most of the index work
BMI performs most of the index work
Usually shared responsibility between U.S. and BMI (U.S. owns and leads, BMI assists)
Looks pretty much like the instrument index but with different fields listed.
Most clients have standard details to choose from
A few custom details often needed
BMI usually does most of the selection work as part of the instrument index
This one shows a transmitter process connection and support in one.
Usually have individual details for supports, process connections (which show trace and insulation where present), electrical connections.
Instruments without wire appear on piping isometrics only, not on location plans
3D model is used to convey in-progress design between disciplines
Majority of work by BMI, working on methods to automate more of the work
3D model is used to convey in-progress design between disciplines
Majority of work by BMI, working on methods to automate more of the work
Instruments without wire appear on piping isometrics only, not on location plans
Majority of work by BMI
Majority of work by BMI
Fiber optic patch panel drawings are similar
Majority of work by BMI
Left side is typical of junction boxes or marshalling panels
Right side is typical of control system I/O wiring
Little involvement by BMI
For most clients the narrative is just a text description of how the controls are intended to work. For some items we may draw a diagram showing how the logic should work. Some clients like for additional information on the controller configuration to be provided.
This is an example of a C&E.
Duration of FAT is usually a few days to a week. For graphics and programming frequently is multiple weeks of work.
We are looking for I&C issues. If there is structural steel, pipe welds, 480V power, and similar items included we need other disciplines and possibly also supplier quality to attend as well.
FAT not performed on valves, transmitters, or gauges unless there’s a project-specific need
Majority of work by BMI
Majority of work by BMI
Black boxes often include lube oil systems, mechanical seals, alarms for transformers / buildings / heat trace panels / Z-purges for area class
Often if the cable schedule is seen to be changing a lot, this may be the culprit
Affected documents will be instrument index, I/O list, location plans, wiring diagrams, loops
Could be due to a schedule that wasn’t realistic from the outset – stemming from an overly optimistic IPPM – rather than due to change or late information
Need to make sure disciplines are aligned on dates, sometimes electrical and I&C dates get offset from each other as schedule is developed and changes
Also creates problems with progress tracking – get behind and can’t do much to catch up.
While in the warehouse they may get “borrowed”, damaged, or even have the standard warranty expire before ever being installed
Examples of items that get deferred to work on these specs are cable schedule / wiring design, identifying misc. air users for piping, making plans to deal with the “black boxes” on P&IDs, instruments that need power or heat trace
If we schedule these for late in the project, then if we have time and staff to accomplish them early we’ll get ahead of our progress curve. On the other hand if we schedule it early and we let it slip (because it isn’t important yet and other things are) then we get behind on progress. The only way we can catch up is to work on these specs that aren’t that important.
What questions are there about I&C?
Are there problems you’ve had repeatedly that we didn’t touch on?