The document discusses four models of instructional design: the ADDIE model, the Dick and Carey model, the discovery learning approach, and Lasher's new instructional design approach. The ADDIE model is one of the most commonly used and includes the steps of analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. The Dick and Carey model focuses on the interaction between the instructor, learners, materials, activities, delivery system, and learning environment. The discovery learning approach is inquiry-based and involves problem-solving using prior knowledge and experience. Lasher's approach includes attracting, engaging, providing up-to-date and accessible content, and motivating application of new information.