This document summarizes a study examining factors that influence institutional trust in Flanders, Belgium. The study analyzed data from two samples to explore how social background, social capital, and psychological factors like anomia and ethnocentrism impact trust in governmental institutions. Linear regression and structural equation models showed that social background and social capital were only weakly associated with trust. Anomia and ethnocentrism had a stronger mediating effect on the relationship between these factors and trust. Religious attendance did not influence trust through social capital or discontent. The study provides insight into differences and similarities between samples in predicting institutional trust.
Un condensador eléctrico (también conocido frecuentemente con el anglicismo capacitor, proveniente del nombre equivalente en inglés) es un dispositivo pasivo, utilizado en electricidad y electrónica, capaz de almacenar energía sustentando un campo eléctrico.1 2 Está formado por un par de superficies conductoras, generalmente en forma de láminas o placas, en situación de influencia total (esto es, que todas las líneas de campo eléctrico que parten de una van a parar a la otra) separadas por un material dieléctrico o por el vacío3 . Las placas, sometidas a una diferencia de potencial, adquieren una determinada carga eléctrica, positiva en una de ellas y negativa en la otra, siendo nula la variación de carga total.
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Un condensador eléctrico (también conocido frecuentemente con el anglicismo capacitor, proveniente del nombre equivalente en inglés) es un dispositivo pasivo, utilizado en electricidad y electrónica, capaz de almacenar energía sustentando un campo eléctrico.1 2 Está formado por un par de superficies conductoras, generalmente en forma de láminas o placas, en situación de influencia total (esto es, que todas las líneas de campo eléctrico que parten de una van a parar a la otra) separadas por un material dieléctrico o por el vacío3 . Las placas, sometidas a una diferencia de potencial, adquieren una determinada carga eléctrica, positiva en una de ellas y negativa en la otra, siendo nula la variación de carga total.
Justiça Eleitoral suspende divulgação de pesquisa em JaboatãoPortal NE10
O juiz eleitoral Jader Marinho dos Santos suspendeu em liminar a divulgação da pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto Verita em Jaboatão dos Guararapes, na Região Metropolitana do Recife, que estava prevista para esta terça-feira (25). O magistrado atendeu a um pedido de Neco (PDT) e da coligação do candidato.
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PDF available on our website at: http://www.case-research.eu/en/node/58334
This presentation demonstrates that the propensity *exposure interaction using randomized scenario data could not be reproduced in a population of adults.
Brain immune interactions and international collaborationKevin Fomalont
I describe the work that influence my 2013 Fulbright project at the Institute of Experimental Medicine. Trends in physiology research in the Soviet Union and the United States finally converged after a period disrupted collaboration to create a new holistic understanding of disease states.
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, Bo RothsteinStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Measuring Trust and Social Capital, 10 June 2016, Paris, France. More information at: www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/hleg-workshop-on-measuring-trust-and-social-capital-2016.htm
Charles Woolfson - Migration, Austerity and New Challenges to Labour Markets ...Global Utmaning
Expertseminar
LABOUR MIGRATION IN THE BALTIC SEA COUNTRIES: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
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Constitutional Hall, Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania, Gedimino av. 53, Vilnius
This report, titled "Age and Productivity. Human Capital Accumulation and Depreciation", was released within a project NEUJOBS- “The Impact of Service Sector Innovation and Internationalisation on Growth and Productivity”, funded by the European Commission, Research Directorate General as part of the 7th Framework Programme.
The report focuses on links between age, productivity and lifelong learning. Various data sources (EU-SILC, LFS, Structure of Earnings Survey, SHARE, ELSA, SHARELIFE) and methodological approaches were used in this report. The analysis identifies clusters of countries with common characteristics of age-earnings profiles (for certain groups of employees) and allows for an explanation of those differences. Some differences can be attributed to the share of sectors, education types, and occupations in country-specific employment. Others are due to labour market institutions and the (dis)incentives to work at older ages provided by social security systems. Additionally, the dynamics of earnings after age 50 differ less between educational and occupational groups than at earlier ages. The authors show that the dynamics of average wages are strongly influenced by the timing of entering and leaving labour market. An estimation of the impact of LLL on productivity (measuredby earnings) at older ages shows that for employees aged 50+, participation in training increases wages in the short-term.
Written by Anna Ruzik-Sierdzinska, Maciej Lis, Monika Potoczna, Michele Belloni and Claudia Villosio. Published in October 2013.
PDF available on our website at: http://www.case-research.eu/en/node/58334
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Institutional trust in flanders (Van de Velde & Pauwels)
1. Institutional trust in Flanders.
Do anomia and ethnocentrism mediate the relationship
between social background, social capital and institutional
trust?
An exploratory analysis in two samples.
Maarten Van de Velde (Ugent)
Prof. Dr. Lieven Pauwels (Ugent)
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
2. Introduction
• Last decades more and more reports of decrease in trust of citizens
in government
•Why is the study of institutional trust so important:
Democracy is undermined by perceived distrust
--> Crisis of legitimacy
-Especially the criminal justice system is encountered by the high
degree of distrust.
• « Social Cohesion » (conceptual swamp) is seen as a major predictor
•Few Belgian studies! Data exist but are often left unexplored!
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
3. Scope of this study
• Descriptive research question: How large are
individual differences in institutional trust?
• Explanatory aim of this study : Explaining
observed differences in trust from an
integrated sociological-psychological
theoretical perspective
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
4. Scope of this study
• Explanatory research question:
• What is the role of social capital, ethnocentrism and anomia as
moderators of the relation between social background and institutional
trust?
-> Are these mechanisms capable of fully mediating the effects of background
characteristics on trust?
Sociological: refers to the social environment: why is trust so different in
accordance with social-demographic background? (Especially with the
educational level- e.g. Elchardus, 2002)
Psychological: Refers to anomia and ethnocentrism (Peters, Schepers &
Felling, 1992)
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
5. Theoretical background
• Belgian tradition: discontent (cfr. A general
pessimistic world view) as unidimensional
metaconstruct covering anomia, authoritarianism and
ethnocentrism (Elchardus, 2002)
• Discontent cannot be seen as one single
metaconstruct. It is more important to refine
relationships between constructs from a theoretical
point of view (Peeters, Schepers, Felling)Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
6. Theoretical model
Social Background Social Capital Discontent Trust
Educational level
Religious
attendance
Sex
Age
Immigration
background
Participation in
organisations
Social ties
confidants
Political
powerlessness
Ethnocentrism
Trust in
governmental
institutions
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
7. Hypotheses
• Discontent as catalyst for the influence of
social background and social capital on trust?
• Two dimensions of discontent:
- Political powerlessness
- Ethnocentrism
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
8. A test on two samples
• Survey Social cultural Shifts in Flanders, 2002
(Ministry of the Flemish Community)
• European Social Survey, 2002. (Flanders)
(Jowell et al.)
-> Similarities and differences
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
9. Operationalisation of the theoretical
concepts (1)
• Structural background
- : Highest obtained degree
Educational level
- Religious attendance: Participation in religious (church)
services.
• Social capital
- Participation in organisations ( Elchardus)
- Embeddedness in « the social fabric » (Kasarda &
Janowitz, 1972)
- The number of people one can trust.
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
10. Operationalisation of the theoretical
concepts (2)
• Anomia
- Scale: e.g. Item: « To vote is of no use, eventually
the political parties just do what they want »
• Ethnocentrism
- Scale: e.g. Item: « Muslims form a threat for our
culture and customs »
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
11. Operationalisation of the theoretical
concepts (3)
• Institutional trust
- « Please tell me on a score of 0-10 how much you
personally trust each of the following institutions…? »
-> The criminal justice system, the Belgian Federal
Government, the Flemish government, the Belgian Federal
Parliament, the Flemish Parliament, the politicians, the
European Parliament, the United Nations Organisation, the
police.
- One overall trust scale: institutional trust ( <-> public
administration)
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
12. Reliability of the scales
Scale Cronbach’s Alpha (SCV)
survey
Cronbach’s Alpha (ESS)
Political Powerlessness .796 .630
Ethnocentrism .884 .831
Institutional trust .854 .886
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
13. Methodology
• Brief univariate descriptions of trust in the
different institutions
• Blockwise linear multiple (OLS) regression
analysis
• Critical test by means of structural equation
modelling
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
14. Trust in the different institutions
% Very low/low % Not low/not
high
% High/ very
high
N
SCV ESS SCV ESS SCV ESS SCV ESS
Criminal justice
system
41% 32,8% 35,8% 45,4% 23,1% 21,8% 1430 1205
Belgian federal
government
27,9% / 49,2% / 22,8% / 1436 /
Flemish
government
27,5% / 46,1% / 26,4% / 1440 /
Belgian federal
parliament
24,6% 22,1% 51,5% 44,0% 23,9% 33,8% 1423 1038
Flemish
parliament
24,3% / 50,8% / 25% / 1402 /
European
Parliament
/ 23,2% / 51,9% / 24,9% / 1108
United Nations
Organization
/ 22,1% / 44,0% / 33,8% / 1038
The Police / 14,0% / 39,3% / 46,7% / 1224
Belgian
Politicians
/ 27,7 / 54,5% / 17,8% / 1217
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
15. SCV- results
Participation in
organisations
Educational level
Religious attendance
Anomia
Institutional trust
Ethnocentrism
0.09
-0.02
1.00
-0.22
-0.09
-0.11
0.86
0.77-0.08
0.13
-0.30
0.37
0.90
-0.32
Chi-Square= 5.70, df=4, P-value= 0.22246, RMSEA= 0.018
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
16. ESS- Results
-0.02 Participation in
organisations
Social Ties
Educational level
Religious
attendance
0.07
-0.06
1.00
Institutional trust
Anomia
Etnocenrism
-0.09
0.08
-0.40
-0.10
-0.12
0.08
-0.11
0.32
0.83
0.78
-0.25
0.79
Chi-Square= 6.17, df= 5, P-value= 0.28961, RMSEA= 0.014
-0.27
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
18. Conclusion and discussion
• There are small differences between both
samples. Similarities exceed differences. Social
background and social capital are at best very
indirect predictors of trust
• Religious attendance: the effect on trust is not
mediated by social capital nor discontent?
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana
19. Thank you for your attention
• Further information?
Maarten Van de Velde
msvdevel.vandevelde@ugent.be
Prof. Dr. Lieven Pauwels
Lieven.Pauwels@ugent.be
Research Group Social Analysis of Security
University of Ghent (Belgium)
www.sva.ugent.be
Maarten Van de Velde - Presentation
ESC 2009 Ljubljana