This document discusses the use of "junk science" in child abuse cases and motions to challenge unreliable scientific evidence. It summarizes the history of the Frye test, which established that scientific evidence must be generally accepted in the relevant scientific community to be admitted. It outlines the Daubert ruling, which shifted the focus to reliability and placed responsibility on judges to independently assess scientific evidence. The document analyzes how Daubert and subsequent rulings changed the standards for admitting expert testimony and established reliability as the key criterion over general acceptance alone.
Iii Eighth Circleof Fire Law Review On Sbsalisonegypt
This document discusses the use of "junk science" in child abuse cases and motions to challenge unreliable scientific evidence. It summarizes the history of the Frye test, which established the standard that scientific evidence must be generally accepted in the relevant scientific community to be admitted. It outlines key Supreme Court cases like Daubert that have shifted the focus to reliability over general acceptance alone. The document argues judges now have a responsibility to independently assess scientific reliability and ensure expert testimony is based on sound science.
The Wrongful Conviction Of Wrongful Convictions EssayDenise Enriquez
The document discusses wrongful convictions, noting that hundreds of people are wrongly convicted each year due to miscarriages of justice. Errors are often not discovered until after long prison sentences or death. Factors contributing to wrongful convictions include false witnesses, incompetent defense lawyers, and inadequate evidence. However, the advent of DNA evidence has helped reduce wrongful conviction rates in recent years by correcting past errors. The paper focuses on the failings that lead to miscarriages of justice and the role of technology in improving the judicial system.
The document is a research paper on wrongful convictions in America's justice system. It discusses several key reasons for wrongful convictions, including unreliable eyewitness testimony, misconduct by police and prosecutors, and improper forensic science techniques. The paper also examines issues exonerated individuals face after being released, such as difficulties obtaining compensation and dealing with tax authorities. Overall, the document analyzes flaws that have led to wrongful convictions and potential reforms to prevent future injustices.
This document summarizes the changing role of expert witnesses in court. It discusses how expert witnesses are traditionally expected to say whatever can reasonably support the client's position, rather than provide objective assistance. Courts have taken a more aggressive role in screening out "junk" testimony. One reform is the "gatekeeper" role of judges to exclude dubious expertise, based on criteria like testing and peer review. However, studies show judges rarely discuss these criteria and more often exclude evidence based on relevance or witness qualifications. There is a clash between the legal system's need for settled conclusions and experts' view that some issues have no settled answer. Through screening and cross-examination, the legal process does not always succeed at exposing problematic expert testimony that could lead
This document summarizes the changing role of expert witnesses in court. It discusses how expert witnesses are traditionally expected to say whatever can reasonably support the client's position, rather than provide objective assistance. Courts have begun taking a more aggressive role in screening out "junk" testimony. One reform is the "gatekeeper" role of judges to exclude dubious expertise, based on criteria like testing and peer review. However, studies show judges rarely discuss these criteria and more often simply rule evidence is irrelevant or unhelpful. There is a clash between the legal system's need for clear conclusions and experts' views that reliability exists on a continuum, not as binary categories. Through cross-examination, junk science is sometimes detected, but high-profile wrong
A Brief Note On Wrongful Conviction And Criminal Justice...Brenda Higgins
This document discusses wrongful convictions and criminal justice reform. It outlines some of the key causes of wrongful convictions, including eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, flawed forensic science, and government misconduct. It also discusses the work of researchers who have studied wrongful convictions like Samuel Gross, Richard Leo, and Barry Scheck and Barry Neufeld. Overall, the document examines the issue of wrongful convictions in the US criminal justice system and argues for reforms to reduce such miscarriages of justice.
This document discusses the use of "junk science" in child abuse cases and motions to challenge unreliable scientific evidence. It summarizes the history of the Frye test, which established that scientific evidence must be generally accepted in the relevant scientific community to be admitted. It outlines the Daubert ruling, which shifted the focus to reliability and placed responsibility on judges to independently assess scientific evidence. The document analyzes how Daubert and subsequent rulings changed the standards for admitting expert testimony and established reliability as the key criterion over general acceptance alone.
Iii Eighth Circleof Fire Law Review On Sbsalisonegypt
This document discusses the use of "junk science" in child abuse cases and motions to challenge unreliable scientific evidence. It summarizes the history of the Frye test, which established the standard that scientific evidence must be generally accepted in the relevant scientific community to be admitted. It outlines key Supreme Court cases like Daubert that have shifted the focus to reliability over general acceptance alone. The document argues judges now have a responsibility to independently assess scientific reliability and ensure expert testimony is based on sound science.
The Wrongful Conviction Of Wrongful Convictions EssayDenise Enriquez
The document discusses wrongful convictions, noting that hundreds of people are wrongly convicted each year due to miscarriages of justice. Errors are often not discovered until after long prison sentences or death. Factors contributing to wrongful convictions include false witnesses, incompetent defense lawyers, and inadequate evidence. However, the advent of DNA evidence has helped reduce wrongful conviction rates in recent years by correcting past errors. The paper focuses on the failings that lead to miscarriages of justice and the role of technology in improving the judicial system.
The document is a research paper on wrongful convictions in America's justice system. It discusses several key reasons for wrongful convictions, including unreliable eyewitness testimony, misconduct by police and prosecutors, and improper forensic science techniques. The paper also examines issues exonerated individuals face after being released, such as difficulties obtaining compensation and dealing with tax authorities. Overall, the document analyzes flaws that have led to wrongful convictions and potential reforms to prevent future injustices.
This document summarizes the changing role of expert witnesses in court. It discusses how expert witnesses are traditionally expected to say whatever can reasonably support the client's position, rather than provide objective assistance. Courts have taken a more aggressive role in screening out "junk" testimony. One reform is the "gatekeeper" role of judges to exclude dubious expertise, based on criteria like testing and peer review. However, studies show judges rarely discuss these criteria and more often exclude evidence based on relevance or witness qualifications. There is a clash between the legal system's need for settled conclusions and experts' view that some issues have no settled answer. Through screening and cross-examination, the legal process does not always succeed at exposing problematic expert testimony that could lead
This document summarizes the changing role of expert witnesses in court. It discusses how expert witnesses are traditionally expected to say whatever can reasonably support the client's position, rather than provide objective assistance. Courts have begun taking a more aggressive role in screening out "junk" testimony. One reform is the "gatekeeper" role of judges to exclude dubious expertise, based on criteria like testing and peer review. However, studies show judges rarely discuss these criteria and more often simply rule evidence is irrelevant or unhelpful. There is a clash between the legal system's need for clear conclusions and experts' views that reliability exists on a continuum, not as binary categories. Through cross-examination, junk science is sometimes detected, but high-profile wrong
A Brief Note On Wrongful Conviction And Criminal Justice...Brenda Higgins
This document discusses wrongful convictions and criminal justice reform. It outlines some of the key causes of wrongful convictions, including eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, flawed forensic science, and government misconduct. It also discusses the work of researchers who have studied wrongful convictions like Samuel Gross, Richard Leo, and Barry Scheck and Barry Neufeld. Overall, the document examines the issue of wrongful convictions in the US criminal justice system and argues for reforms to reduce such miscarriages of justice.
Forensic science is the application of science to address legal questions. It involves using scientific methods and techniques to investigate and establish facts in criminal or civil cases. Forensic science assists in criminal investigations by analyzing evidence scientifically to help identify individuals, reconstruct events, and determine causes of injuries or death. Some key branches of forensic science include forensic pathology, anthropology, odontology, serology, toxicology, and questioned documents.
Biotechnology and science probing the mindKarlos Svoboda
This document discusses issues around the use of neuroscience evidence in legal cases. It describes two main types of neuroscience evidence - brain scans used for lie detection and determining cognitive ability. While this technology is promising, there are still many challenges around reliability and getting such evidence admitted in court. A key open question is whether brain scans should be considered a search of physical brain cells under the 4th Amendment or a statement of information from the individual under the 5th Amendment right against self-incrimination. This characterization could have significant legal implications as laws have not kept pace with advancing neuroscience technology.
1-3 Short Paper Personality CharacteristicsPrepare a 1,000–.docxSONU61709
1-3 Short Paper: Personality Characteristics
Prepare a 1,000–1,750-word paper in which you discuss at least three of your personality characteristics. Using your life experiences, explain how these characteristics were developed. Such life experiences should include the following:
· Early development
· Family and social relationships
· Educational background
Assess how these characteristics have influenced your social and occupational choices.
C H A P T E R 11
The Trial Process
[T]here are principles of liberty and justice, lying at the foundation of our civil and political
institutions, which no State can violate consistently with that due process of law required
by the Fourteenth Amendment in proceedings involving life, liberty, or property.
—JUSTICE JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN I, dissenting, Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516, 546 (1884)
479
CHAPTER OUTLINE
THE IDEAL OF THE FAIR TRIAL
Comparing Adversarial and Inquisitorial Trials
Steps in the Jury Trial
IMPORTANT CONSTITUTIONAL TRIAL
RIGHTS
The Right to Be Present
The Appearance of Fairness
Subpoena: The Right to Compulsory Process
Due Process and Access to Evidence
Right to Silence
Confrontation, Hearsay, and Cross-examination
Presumption of Innocence and Proof beyond a
Reasonable Doubt
THE JURY
Constitutional Requirements
Selecting an Unbiased Jury
Voir Dire and Fairness
LAW IN SOCIETY: JURY TRIALS AND
WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS
Convicting the Innocent
Why Trials Do Not Stop Wrongful Convictions
The Adversary Trial
SUMMARY
LEGAL PUZZLES
JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT: THE
TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY COURT: SOUTER,
THOMAS, GINSBURG, BREYER, ROBERTS,
AND ALITO
David H. Souter
Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Stephen G. Breyer
John G. Roberts Jr.
KEY TERMS
abuse of discretion
accusatorial trial
adversarial trial
adverse comment
bench trial
challenge for cause
character witness
compulsory process
Confrontation Clause
cross-examination
direct examination
dossier
dying declaration
expert witness
hearsay
hung jury
in camera
inquisitorial trial
invidious discrimination
jury deliberation
jury pool
jury trial
“key man” method
master jury list
peremptory challenge
petty crime
presumption of innocence
prima facie case
reasonable doubt
representative cross section
secret informants
venire
verdict
voir dire
waiver trial
Samuel A. Alito Jr.
M11_ZALM7613_06_SE_CH11.QXD 1/11/10 5:35 PM Page 479
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THE IDEAL OF THE FAIR TRIAL
All cultures develop methods to ascertain the guilt of those accused of serious norm violations or
crimes. Even if offenders are caught “red-handed,” there is a human tendency to conduct formal
processes for declaring guilt. The trial therefore has two functions: first, to determine a suspect’s
guilt in a practical and efficient manner, and second, to provide a formal setting that solemnizes
the conclusion that this person is guilty and must be punished. The jury trial performs these
functions in the Anglo-Amer ...
DivergentPhilosophiesThirdEdition with hyperlinks for MLA citationsJoseph Hargrove
The document discusses skepticism towards paranormal phenomena and argues that some skeptics may have hidden agendas to suppress knowledge and influence public opinion. It asserts that personal experiences and a posteriori knowledge can provide valid ways of knowing beyond what is accepted by mainstream science and academia. The author believes that a few scientifically verified paranormal events could challenge societal perceptions and that some establishment figures may want to inhibit exploration of paranormal topics that could threaten national security.
The document discusses wrongful convictions in the American criminal justice system. It notes that the system has a long history of wrongful convictions dating back centuries. Wrongful convictions occur when an innocent person is convicted of a crime. African Americans are more likely than Caucasians to be wrongfully convicted of murder, sexual assault, and drug-related crimes. From 1989 to 2016, 47% of the nearly 1,900 documented wrongful conviction cases involved black defendants who were later exonerated. The document also discusses the case of Leighton Hay, who was wrongfully convicted of murder and imprisoned for 12 years before his innocence was recognized.
This document discusses ways to distinguish science from pseudoscience by asking questions about claims. It outlines 10 questions one can ask to "detect baloney", such as whether a claim has been verified by independent sources, fits with established knowledge, and considers evidence that contradicts the claim. These questions help determine the reliability of sources, identify biases, and establish the validity of evidence. The questions also help solve the "boundary problem" of determining where to draw the line between science and pseudoscience when exploring borderline cases.
Partial Research Paper into the Criminal Justice System of America, showing that Wrongful Convictions, though bad and heartbreaking, are an inevitable tradeoff as part of the Criminal Justice System.
Please readRobert Geraci, Russia Minorities and Empire,” in .docxTatianaMajor22
Please read:
Robert Geraci, “Russia: Minorities and Empire,” in Abbott Gleason, ed., A Companion to Russian History (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), 243-260.
And discuss:
How does Geraci portray the legacy of the early Russian history for the make-up of 18-19th century Russia?
Please read: Leonard Victor Rutgers, “Roman Policy Towards the Jews: Expulsions from the City of Rome during the First Century C.E.,” in Classical Antiquity, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Apr., 1994), pp. 56-74.
And discuss: Rutgers surveys the different reasons historians have given for the expulsion of the Jews from Rome in the first century C.E. Who place did Jews have in Roman society at this time? Were they expelled because of their religious practices, or because they were ‘unruly’ as Rutgers argues? If so, what caused them to act in this way? What kind of historical evidence does the author use?
There are 2 essay, each one should write at least 300-350 words and plus one reference page.
MLA format. Must use quote( “ ”) for every source you use from website. And put (author, page number) behind quote.
Roman Policy towards the Jews: Expulsions from the City of Rome during the First Century
C.E.
Author(s): Leonard Victor Rutgers
Source: Classical Antiquity, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Apr., 1994), pp. 56-74
Published by: University of California Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25011005 .
Accessed: 26/08/2011 13:35
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University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Classical
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LEONARD VICTOR RUTGERS
Roman Policy towards the Jews:
Expulsions from the City of Rome
during the First Century c. E.
Tant de causes secretes se melent souvent a la cause apparente, tant de ressorts
inconnus servent a persecuter un homme, qu'il est impossible de demeler dans les
siecles posterieures la source cachee des malheurs des hommes les plus consider
ables, a plus forte raison celle du supplice d'un particulier qui ne pouvait etre
connu que par ceux de son parti.
-Voltaire, Traite sur la tolerance (1763)
IN THIS ARTICLE I want to discuss the evidence for expulsions of Jews from
the city of Rome in the first century C.E. Scholars have long been interested in the
reasons underlying these expulsions. Because the anci.
Ford VS ChevroletThere are many reasons that make the Chevy.docxTatianaMajor22
Ford VS Chevrolet
There are many reasons that make the Chevy’s and Ford’s motors two most common trucks. Studies reveal that that they are the most popular vehicles on sales today. It is because they are powerful, versatile and reasonably priced. They also come in a wide variety of configurations and styles. However, many buyers and sellers have questioned themselves on the better vehicle compared to the other in terms of quality, Wi-Fi, price ranges, value, and costs. To compare and contrast on this subject, let us take an example of two vehicles each from each company to facilitate comparison.
Ford offers the full-size track with automatic high-beam control, automatic parallel parking and power-retractable running boards. Fords are elegant, and they are mostly aluminum making them save weight and bolster gas mileage. None of these features are offered Chevy’s. Chevrolets have outstanding quality. They are mostly comprised of steel, for instance, the Chevrolet Silverado. This makes them good for rough roads and difficult terrains.
Fords have employed the use of up to date Wi-Fi technology. Ford intends to provide the Ford Sync, which will provide robust connections for occupants. Latest Chevrolet brands Malibu utilize the 4G LTE Wi-Fi Technology that provides rich in-vehicle experiences. This technology is powerful compared to Ford Sync, and is used for connecting devices and executing few remote operations within the car.
From the value and cost standpoint, Ford can consume a little more, and its payload capacity is a little higher. Additionally, its mileage is too better. The prices vary from nation to nation. Chevrolet seems to be a little cheaper, and reasonably priced going for $33,044, which is slightly less than Ford, but the differences are not serious to propel buyers towards one truck leaving the other
Technophiles are likely to put their preferences on Ford to Chevrolet. On overall, Fords have many features as compared Chevy’s. However, they may be hard to maintain. Compared to Fords, Chevrolets are reliable and cheaper. However, the two brands are equally good performers. It is, therefore, prudent to pick what one thinks would fit his or her usage and preference and personal style
Ethical Systems, Research Paper, Spring 2015, Douglas Green, Page 1 of 1
Ethical
Systems/Final
Research
Paper
2,000
words
minimum,
double-‐spaced
Final
Draft
Due:
Tuesday,
April
28,
12:00
pm
(afternoon)
Please
email
your
final
research
paper
to
me
via
MS
Word
attachment
AND
by
cutting/pasting
the
entire
document
into
the
body
of
your
email.
IF
YOU
DO
NOT
RECEIVE
A
CONFIRMATION
EMAIL
BACK,
I
DID
NOT
RECEIVE
YOUR
ESSAY
AND
YOU
WILL
LOSE
ALL
CREDIT
FOR
THIS
REQUIREMENT.
NO
LATE
WORK
WILL
BE
ACCEPTED…
PERIOD!
.
Fairness and Discipline Weve all been disciplined at one.docxTatianaMajor22
Fairness and Discipline
We've all been disciplined at one time or another by a parent or a teacher. What disciplinary experiences have you had as a child that took a non-punitive approach?
I need paragraph or half page with reference
.
Appendix 12A Statement of Cash Flows—Direct MethodLEARNING .docxTatianaMajor22
Appendix 12A
Statement of Cash Flows—Direct Method
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
6
Prepare a statement of cash flows using the direct method.
To explain and illustrate the direct method, we will use the transactions of Computer Services Company for 2014, to prepare a statement of cash flows. Illustration 12A-1 presents information related to 2014 for Computer Services Company.
To prepare a statement of cash flows under the direct approach, we will apply the three steps outlined in Illustration 12-4.
Illustration 12A-1
Comparative balance sheets, income statement, and additional information for Computer Services Company
STEP 1: OPERATING ACTIVITIES
DETERMINE NET CASH PROVIDED/USED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES BY CONVERTING NET INCOME FROM AN ACCRUAL BASIS TO A CASH BASIS
Under the direct method, companies compute net cash provided by operating activities by adjusting each item in the income statement from the accrual basis to the cash basis. To simplify and condense the operating activities section, companies report only major classes of operating cash receipts and cash payments. For these major classes, the difference between cash receipts and cash payments is the net cash provided by operating activities. These relationships are as shown in Illustration 12A-2.
Illustration 12A-2
Major classes of cash receipts and payments
An efficient way to apply the direct method is to analyze the items reported in the income statement in the order in which they are listed. We then determine cash receipts and cash payments related to these revenues and expenses. The following pages present the adjustments required to prepare a statement of cash flows for Computer Services Company using the direct approach.
CASH RECEIPTS FROM CUSTOMERS.
The income statement for Computer Services Company reported sales revenue from customers of $507,000. How much of that was cash receipts? To answer that, companies need to consider the change in accounts receivable during the year. When accounts receivable increase during the year, revenues on an accrual basis are higher than cash receipts from customers. Operations led to revenues, but not all of these revenues resulted in cash receipts.
To determine the amount of cash receipts, the company deducts from sales revenue the increase in accounts receivable. On the other hand, there may be a decrease in accounts receivable. That would occur if cash receipts from customers exceeded sales revenue. In that case, the company adds to sales revenue the decrease in accounts receivable. For Computer Services Company, accounts receivable decreased $10,000. Thus, cash receipts from customers were $517,000, computed as shown in Illustration 12A-3.
Illustration 12A-3
Computation of cash receipts from customers
Computer Services can also determine cash receipts from customers from an analysis of the Accounts Receivable account, as shown in Illustration 12A-4.
Illustration 12A-4
Analysis of Accounts Receivable
Illustration.
Effects of StressProvide a 1-page description of a stressful .docxTatianaMajor22
Effects of Stress
Provide a 1-page description of a stressful event currently occurring in your life.
Discuss I am married work a full time job as an occupational therapy assistant am taking two courses
Have to take care of a home feed the animals attend to laundry
Think of my pateitns worry about their well being and what I can do for them ( I bring home my patients issues)
Constantly doing paper work for work such as documentation for billing
I feel like I have no free time for me some days I don’t even eat dinner or lunch because I don’t have time to make anything or am just too tired to cook
On top of this I am married and married ppl do argue and my husband am I have been bunting heads on finances.
Then, referring to information you learned throughout this course, address the following:
· What physiological changes occur in the brain due to the stress response?
· What emotional and cognitive effects might occur due to this stressful situation?
· Would the above changes (physiological, cognitive, or emotional) be any different if the same stress were being experienced by a person of the opposite sex or someone much older or younger than you?
· If the situation continues, how might your physical health be affected?
· What three behavioral strategies would you implement to reduce the effects of this stressor? Describe each strategy. Explain how each behavior could cause changes in brain physiology (e.g., exercise can raise serotonin levels).
· If you were encouraging an adult client to make the above changes, what ethical considerations would you have to keep in mind? How would you address those ethical considerations?
In addition to citing the online course and the text, you are also required to cite a minimum of four scholarly sources. For reputable web sources, look for .gov or .edu sites as opposed to .com sites. Please do not use Wikipedia.
Your paper should be double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, and with normal 1-inch margins; written in APA style; and free of typographical and grammatical errors. It should include a title page with a running head, an abstract, and a reference page.
The body of the paper should be at least 6 pages in length total
not including the reference or title page
Assignment 1 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Described a stressful event.
20
Explained the physiological changes that occur in the brain due to the stress response.
36
Explained the emotional and cognitive effects that may occur due to this stressful situation.
32
Analyzed potential differences in physiological, cognitive, and emotional responses in someone of a different age or sex.
32
Discussed the physical health risks.
28
Provided three behavioral strategies to reduce the effects of the stressor and explained how each could cause changes in brain physiology.
40
Analyzed ethical considerations in implementing behavioral strategies and offered suggestions for addressing these.
40
Integrated at least two scholarly references .
Design Factors NotesCIO’s Office 5 People IT Chief’s Offi.docxTatianaMajor22
Design Factors
Notes
CIO’s Office
5 People
IT Chief’s Office
5 People
LAN/WAN Maint.
20 People
Reception
4 People
Telecommunications
20 People
LAN Management
50 People
Server Room A
2 Person
Server Room B
4 Person
Equipment:
Patch Cable
Computer to Wall
Patch Cable
LAN Room
Cable Trays/Runs
Horizontal Runs
Cisco Border Router
Research: Attached to 5 Floor Switches
Server Room A
10 Servers
Server Room B
10 Servers
Computers
One Per Person
Standard floor (first floor) Lesson 2 Project Plan info
Design Factors
Notes
CIO’s Office
5 People
IT Chief’s Office
5 People
LAN/WAN Maint.
20 People
Reception
4 People
Telecommunications
20 People
LAN Management
50 People
Server Room A
2 Person
Server Room B
4 Person
Equipment:
Patch Cable
Computer to Wall
Patch Cable
LAN Room
Cable Trays/Runs
Horizontal Runs
Cisco Border Router
Research: Attached to 5 Floor Switches
Server Room A
10 Servers
Server Room B
10 Servers
Computers
One Per Person
Basement floor
Design Factors
Notes
Vertical Riser Run
On Outside Wall of LAN Room on Each Floor.
Fiber-Optic Multimode
Riser Runs: Backbone
SC Connectors
Fiber-Optic Cable
Cisco Catalyst: Switch: WS-C3750G-24PS-S: 24 Ports
Leave a Minimum of four ports free on each switch
Color Laser Printer
Minimum of One per Room or One per 20 people
Vertical Riser Run
On Outside Wall of LAN Room on Each Floor and Server RM B on this floor.
Fiber-Optic Multimode
Riser Runs: Backbone
SC Connectors
Fiber-Optic Cable
Cable Trays/Runs
Horizontal Runs
Horizontal Runs
Leave a Minimum of four ports free on each switch
Applicataion
U.S. Minimum Requirement Ranges
Space per Employee - 1997
Two people, such as a supervisor and an employee, can meet in an office with a table or desk between them
60" to 72" x 90" to 126:/5.78m2 to 11.7m2
280Sq. Ft./26.0m2
Worker has a primary desk plus a return
60" to 72"x60"to 84"/5.78 to 7.8m2
193Sq. Ft./17.9m2
Executive office - three to four people can meet around a desk
105 to 130"x96 to 123"/9.75 to 11.4 m2
142Sq. Ft./13.2m2
Basic workstation such as a call center
42" to 52" x 60" to 72"/3.9 to 6.7 m2
114Sq. Ft./10.6 m2
NT1310: Project
Page 1
PRO JECT D ESC RIPT ION
As the project manager for the Cable Planning team, you will manage the creation of the cable plan for
the new building that will be built, with construction set to begin in six weeks.
The deliverables for the entire Cable Plan will consist of an Executive Summary, a PowerPoint
Presentation and an Excel Spreadsheet. You will develop different parts of each of these in three parts.
The final organization should contain these elements:
The Executive Summary:
o Project Introduction
o Standards and Codes
Cable Standards and Codes
Building Standards and Codes
o Project Materials
o Copper Cable, Tools, and Test Equipment
o Fiber-Optic Cable, Tools, and Test Equipment
o Fiber-Optic Design Considerations
o Basement Server Comp.
Question 12.5 pointsSaveThe OSU studies concluded that le.docxTatianaMajor22
The document contains questions about leadership, motivation, communication, groups/teams, and decision making. The questions assess knowledge of topics like situational leadership theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, organizational communication barriers, stages of team development, and group decision making techniques like brainstorming.
Case Study 1 Questions1. What is the allocated budget .docxTatianaMajor22
Case Study 1 Questions:
1. What is the allocated budget ? $250,000
2. Where does the server room located? Currently, there is no server room
3. What is the number of users with PCs inside each existing site?
Currently there are
4. What is the current cabling used in each location? (cat5e or cat6) Current cabling does not meet the company’s current and future needs
5. Do want us to upgrade token Ring or use a completely new Ethernet network What is your recommendation and why?
6. regarding the ordering system , it is not clear what the we should do , do you want to talk about how to connect the system to the network or how to built the ordering online system because it is more software engineering than networking . Talk about the kind of network (hardware) you recommend based on the business requirements
7. all the sites should have access to our servers in the main branch? yes
8. Regarding the order software, do you need more details about the way it works or just about its connection with the network? Your solution should be from a network point of view
9. Distances are given in Meters or feet? feet
10. Shipment is done by truck, or ships? Currently, only trucking
11. In Dimebox branch, where are administration offices located? See Business goals # 4
12. What is the current network connectivity status? How many devices are currently on the network? How they are physically laid out? Is cabling running all over the floor, hidden in walls or threaded through the ceiling? What are the switches used and its speed? Currently, only the office is networked (token ring) NOVELL
13. What is the minimum Internet speed wanted? See Business Goals on page 2 – I only can tell you what we need the network for, you must tell me what we need to meet the business needs
14. Will the corporation provide wireless access? If yes will it be in all department and buildings? Wireless access would be helpful if we can justify the cost
15. Are there phones in offices? yes
16. What is the internet speed available now? What speed do you want for future? Internet access is through time warner cable company which is not very reliable
17. Do employees access their emails outside the company? yes
18. Do you have plans for future expansion? We like to increase our customer base by 20% over the next year
REMEMBER, you are the IT expert, I’m only a business person who must rely on your expertise.
Network Design and Performance
Case Study
Dooma-Flochies, Inc. with headquarters located on Podunk Road in Trumansburg, NY, is the sole manufacturer of Dooma-Flochies (big surprise). They currently have a manufacturing facility in, Lake Ridge, NY (across Cayuga Lake) on Cayuga Dr. and have recently diversified by purchasing a company, This-N-That, on Industry Ave. in, Dime Box Texas. This-N-That is the sole competitor of Domma-Flochies with their product Thinga-Ma-Jigs. This acquisition gives Dooma-Flochies, Inc a monopoly in this mark.
Behavior in OrganizationsIntercultural Communications Exercise .docxTatianaMajor22
Behavior in Organizations
Intercultural Communications Exercise Response Paper –
Week 5
The most overt cultural differences, such as greeting rituals and name format, can be overcome most easily. The underlying, intangible differences are very difficult to overcome. In this case, the underlying cultural differences are
· Assumptions about the purpose of the event (is the party strictly for fun and for relationship building, or are their business matters to take care of?).
· Assumptions about the purpose and the nature of business relationship.
· Assumptions about power and leadership relationships (who makes the decisions and how?).
· Response styles (verbal and nonverbal signals of agreement, disagreement, politeness, etc.).
Many (though not all) cultural differences can be overcome if you carefully observe other people, think creatively, remain flexible, and remember that your own culture is not inherently superior to others.
The Scenario
Three corporations are planning a joint venture to sponsor an international concert tour. The corporations are Decibel, an agency representing the musicians (from the US, Britain, and Japan); Images, a marketing firm which will handle sales of tickets, snacks and beverages, clothing, and CDs; and Event, a special events company which will hire the ushers, concessionaires, and security officers; print the programs; and clean up the arenas after the shows. The companies come from three different cultures: Blue, Green, and Red. Each has specific cultural traits, customs, and practices.
You are a manager in one of these companies. You will attend the opening cocktail party in Perth, Australia the evening before a 3-day meeting during which the three companies will negotiate the details of the partnership. Your management team includes a Vice President and a number of other managers.
During the 3-day meeting, the companies have the following goals:
Decibel
· As high a royalty rate as possible on sales of T-shirts, videos, and CDs
· Aggressive marketing and advertising to increase attendance and sales
· Good security, both before and during the show Image
Image
· Well known bands that will be easy to market
· As much income as possible from the concerts
· Smoothly functioning event so that publicity from early concerts is positive
Event
· Bands that are not likely to provoke stampedes, riots, or other antisocial behavior
· Bands that are reliable and will show up on time, ready to play
· As much income as possible from the concerts
The cultures that are assigned to the various companies are:
BLUE CULTURE
Image (Marketing Company)
Beliefs, Values, and Attitudes that Underlie This Culture’s Communication
Believe that fate and luck control most things.
Believe in feelings more than reasoning.
An authoritarian leader makes the ultimate decisions.
Nonverbal Traits of This Culture
Treat time as something that is unimportant. It is not a commodity that can be lost.
Conversation distance is close (about 15 inches, face-.
Discussion Question Comparison of Theories on Anxiety Disord.docxTatianaMajor22
Discussion Question:
Comparison of Theories on Anxiety Disorders
There are numerous theories that attempt to explain the development and manifestation of psychological disorders. Some researchers hold that certain disorders result from learned behaviors (behavioral theory), while other researchers believe that there is a genetic or biological basis to psychological disorders (medical model), while still others hold that psychological disorders stem from unresolved unconscious conflict (psychoanalytic theory). How would each of these theoretical viewpoints explain anxiety disorders? Does one explain the development and manifestation of anxiety disorders better than the others?
200- 400 words please
Three min resources with
in text citations and examples
you can use the following as a module reference
cite as university 2014
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, specific phobias, and social anxiety disorder feature a heightened autonomic nervous system response that is above and beyond what would be considered normal when faced with the object or situation that the person reacts to. For example, a person with a specific phobia of spiders (called arachnophobia) experiences a heightened autonomic response when confronted with a spider (or even an image of a spider). This anxiety response must result in significant distress or impairment. In general, anxiety disorders have been linked to underactive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, resulting in overexcitability of the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex. Additionally, genetic research shows that anxiety disorders demonstrate a clear pattern of genetic predisposition
Charles Darwin's Perspective
We talked about Charles Darwin when discussing evolution and natural selection. Darwin was also very interested in emotions. One of his books published in 1872,The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, was devoted to this topic.
Darwin believed that emotions play an important role in the survival of the species and result from evolutionary processes in the same way as other behaviors and psychological functions. Darwin's writing on this topic also prompted psychologists to study animal behavior as a way to better understand human behavior.
James–Lange Theory of Emotions
Modern theories of emotion can be traced to William James and Carl Lange (Pinel, 2011). William James was a renowned Harvard psychologist who is sometimes called the father of American psychology. Carl Lange was a Danish physician. James and Lange formulated the same theory of emotions independently at about the same time (1884). As a result, it is called the James–Lange theory of emotions. This theory reversed the commonsensical notion that emotions are automatic responses to events around us. Instead, it proposes that emotions are the brain's interpretation of physiological responses to emotionally provocative stimuli.
Cannon–Bard Theory of Emotions
In 1915, Harvard physiologist Walt.
I have always liked Dustin Hoffmans style of acting, in this mov.docxTatianaMajor22
I have always liked Dustin Hoffman's style of acting, in this movie he takes on a sexually deprived young male just out of college, and has never been with a female, and is duped by horny older woman that feels neglected. Dustin Hoffman takes the characters form of a young male, goofy, respectful virgin and intelligent male, missing something but not really sure at the beginning till Ann Bancroft coaxes him with seduction to fulfill her own needs. In an other movie called "The life of Little Big Man" he plays almost the same character but as a white child raised by the Native Americans and a wise old chief that deeply care and loves him as his own, and Fay Dunaway plays a Holy rollers wife that is older and sexually deprived and feeling neglected by her husband and also she goes through major changes in her life from devoted wife, to a honey bell/ house hooker, whats funny Dustin Hoffman is a awesome actor but has to have his surrounding characters bring his character to life. The Graduate was Dustin Hoffman's first big movie of his career.
I actually liked movie "Little Big man" way better due to he went through major changes in his life, from being a Native boy warrior, captured by Yankees, meets Fay Dunaway who loves to give baths, to finding his sister who teaches him to be a gunslinger and then returns to his Grand Father to be a native again and tells his blind Grand Father the world of the white man is a crazy one, then his see the Psyho Col. Custer and gets his revenge by telling Custer the truth. The movie Little Big Man makes you laugh, teaches you things about people and survial and cry at times... its a must see...
Although a stray away from the Benjamin Braddock written about in the novel The Graduate, Dustin Hoffman does an awesome job with this character on film. When you first meet Ben he is at a party that his parents are throwing in his academic honor upon his graduation from school and return home. The whole night, Hoffman stumbles though various conversations and tries to coyly escape from the festivities. Small things such as this Hoffman did a great job at, conveying the hesitance and crisis that Ben was going through as a graduate. There are multiple times in the movie he hardly expresses anything at all, yet it clearly shows you that Ben is having a very hard time internally with everything going on. Even through his relationships with Mrs. Robinson and her daughter Elaine you see the young man struggling with himself through either failed attempts at affection or lack thereof.
.
Is obedience to the law sufficient to ensure ethical behavior Wh.docxTatianaMajor22
Is obedience to the law sufficient to ensure ethical behavior? Why, or why not? Support your answer with at least three reasons that justify your position.
100 words
Discuss the differences between an attitude and a behavior. Provide 4 substantive reasons why it is important for organizations to monitor and mitigate employee behavior that is either beneficial or detrimental to the organization's goals and existence.
150 words
.
If you are using the Blackboard Mobile Learn IOS App, please clic.docxTatianaMajor22
If you are using the Blackboard Mobile Learn IOS App, please click "View in Browser." V BUS 520Week 9 Assignment 4 Paper
I need the paper as soon as possible
Students, please view the "Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment" in the Student Center.
Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center.
Assignment 4: Leadership Style: What Do People Do When They Are Leading?
Due Week 9 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the following CEOs for this assignment: Larry Page (Google), Tony Hsieh (Zappos), Gary Kelly (Southwest Airlines), Meg Whitman (Hewlett Packard), Ursula Burns (Xerox), Terri Kelly (W.L. Gore), Ellen Kullman (DuPont), or Bob McDonald (Procter & Gamble). Use the Internet to investigate the leadership style and effectiveness of the selected CEO. (Note: Just choose one that is easier for you to right about.) It does not matter to me which CEO you pick
Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:
1. Provide a brief (one [1] paragraph) background of the CEO.
2. Analyze the CEO’s leadership style and philosophy, and how the CEO’s leadership style aligns with the culture.
3. Examine the CEO’s personal and organizational values.
4. Evaluate how the values of the CEO are likely to influence ethical behavior within the organization.
5. Determine the CEO’s three (3) greatest strengths and three (3) greatest weaknesses.
6. Select the quality that you believe contributes most to this leader’s success. Support your reasoning.
7. Assess how communication and collaboration, and power and politics influence group (i.e., the organization’s) dynamics.
8. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Analyze the formation and dynamics of group behavior and work teams, including the application of power in groups.
· Outline various individual and group decision-making processes and key factors affecting these processes.
· Examine the primary conflict levels within organization and the process for negotiating resolutions.
· Examine how power and influence empower and affect office politics, political interpretations, and political behavior.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in organizational behavior.
· Write clearly and concisely about organizational behavior using proper writing mechanics.
Click here.
Is the proliferation of social media and communication devices a .docxTatianaMajor22
Social media and communication devices have both benefits and drawbacks for society. While they allow easy connection with others and access to information, overuse can negatively impact relationships and mental health. Overall, moderation is key to reap the upsides of technology while avoiding the downsides.
More Related Content
Similar to Inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, and echoed down
Forensic science is the application of science to address legal questions. It involves using scientific methods and techniques to investigate and establish facts in criminal or civil cases. Forensic science assists in criminal investigations by analyzing evidence scientifically to help identify individuals, reconstruct events, and determine causes of injuries or death. Some key branches of forensic science include forensic pathology, anthropology, odontology, serology, toxicology, and questioned documents.
Biotechnology and science probing the mindKarlos Svoboda
This document discusses issues around the use of neuroscience evidence in legal cases. It describes two main types of neuroscience evidence - brain scans used for lie detection and determining cognitive ability. While this technology is promising, there are still many challenges around reliability and getting such evidence admitted in court. A key open question is whether brain scans should be considered a search of physical brain cells under the 4th Amendment or a statement of information from the individual under the 5th Amendment right against self-incrimination. This characterization could have significant legal implications as laws have not kept pace with advancing neuroscience technology.
1-3 Short Paper Personality CharacteristicsPrepare a 1,000–.docxSONU61709
1-3 Short Paper: Personality Characteristics
Prepare a 1,000–1,750-word paper in which you discuss at least three of your personality characteristics. Using your life experiences, explain how these characteristics were developed. Such life experiences should include the following:
· Early development
· Family and social relationships
· Educational background
Assess how these characteristics have influenced your social and occupational choices.
C H A P T E R 11
The Trial Process
[T]here are principles of liberty and justice, lying at the foundation of our civil and political
institutions, which no State can violate consistently with that due process of law required
by the Fourteenth Amendment in proceedings involving life, liberty, or property.
—JUSTICE JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN I, dissenting, Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516, 546 (1884)
479
CHAPTER OUTLINE
THE IDEAL OF THE FAIR TRIAL
Comparing Adversarial and Inquisitorial Trials
Steps in the Jury Trial
IMPORTANT CONSTITUTIONAL TRIAL
RIGHTS
The Right to Be Present
The Appearance of Fairness
Subpoena: The Right to Compulsory Process
Due Process and Access to Evidence
Right to Silence
Confrontation, Hearsay, and Cross-examination
Presumption of Innocence and Proof beyond a
Reasonable Doubt
THE JURY
Constitutional Requirements
Selecting an Unbiased Jury
Voir Dire and Fairness
LAW IN SOCIETY: JURY TRIALS AND
WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS
Convicting the Innocent
Why Trials Do Not Stop Wrongful Convictions
The Adversary Trial
SUMMARY
LEGAL PUZZLES
JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT: THE
TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY COURT: SOUTER,
THOMAS, GINSBURG, BREYER, ROBERTS,
AND ALITO
David H. Souter
Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Stephen G. Breyer
John G. Roberts Jr.
KEY TERMS
abuse of discretion
accusatorial trial
adversarial trial
adverse comment
bench trial
challenge for cause
character witness
compulsory process
Confrontation Clause
cross-examination
direct examination
dossier
dying declaration
expert witness
hearsay
hung jury
in camera
inquisitorial trial
invidious discrimination
jury deliberation
jury pool
jury trial
“key man” method
master jury list
peremptory challenge
petty crime
presumption of innocence
prima facie case
reasonable doubt
representative cross section
secret informants
venire
verdict
voir dire
waiver trial
Samuel A. Alito Jr.
M11_ZALM7613_06_SE_CH11.QXD 1/11/10 5:35 PM Page 479
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THE IDEAL OF THE FAIR TRIAL
All cultures develop methods to ascertain the guilt of those accused of serious norm violations or
crimes. Even if offenders are caught “red-handed,” there is a human tendency to conduct formal
processes for declaring guilt. The trial therefore has two functions: first, to determine a suspect’s
guilt in a practical and efficient manner, and second, to provide a formal setting that solemnizes
the conclusion that this person is guilty and must be punished. The jury trial performs these
functions in the Anglo-Amer ...
DivergentPhilosophiesThirdEdition with hyperlinks for MLA citationsJoseph Hargrove
The document discusses skepticism towards paranormal phenomena and argues that some skeptics may have hidden agendas to suppress knowledge and influence public opinion. It asserts that personal experiences and a posteriori knowledge can provide valid ways of knowing beyond what is accepted by mainstream science and academia. The author believes that a few scientifically verified paranormal events could challenge societal perceptions and that some establishment figures may want to inhibit exploration of paranormal topics that could threaten national security.
The document discusses wrongful convictions in the American criminal justice system. It notes that the system has a long history of wrongful convictions dating back centuries. Wrongful convictions occur when an innocent person is convicted of a crime. African Americans are more likely than Caucasians to be wrongfully convicted of murder, sexual assault, and drug-related crimes. From 1989 to 2016, 47% of the nearly 1,900 documented wrongful conviction cases involved black defendants who were later exonerated. The document also discusses the case of Leighton Hay, who was wrongfully convicted of murder and imprisoned for 12 years before his innocence was recognized.
This document discusses ways to distinguish science from pseudoscience by asking questions about claims. It outlines 10 questions one can ask to "detect baloney", such as whether a claim has been verified by independent sources, fits with established knowledge, and considers evidence that contradicts the claim. These questions help determine the reliability of sources, identify biases, and establish the validity of evidence. The questions also help solve the "boundary problem" of determining where to draw the line between science and pseudoscience when exploring borderline cases.
Partial Research Paper into the Criminal Justice System of America, showing that Wrongful Convictions, though bad and heartbreaking, are an inevitable tradeoff as part of the Criminal Justice System.
Similar to Inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, and echoed down (8)
Please readRobert Geraci, Russia Minorities and Empire,” in .docxTatianaMajor22
Please read:
Robert Geraci, “Russia: Minorities and Empire,” in Abbott Gleason, ed., A Companion to Russian History (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), 243-260.
And discuss:
How does Geraci portray the legacy of the early Russian history for the make-up of 18-19th century Russia?
Please read: Leonard Victor Rutgers, “Roman Policy Towards the Jews: Expulsions from the City of Rome during the First Century C.E.,” in Classical Antiquity, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Apr., 1994), pp. 56-74.
And discuss: Rutgers surveys the different reasons historians have given for the expulsion of the Jews from Rome in the first century C.E. Who place did Jews have in Roman society at this time? Were they expelled because of their religious practices, or because they were ‘unruly’ as Rutgers argues? If so, what caused them to act in this way? What kind of historical evidence does the author use?
There are 2 essay, each one should write at least 300-350 words and plus one reference page.
MLA format. Must use quote( “ ”) for every source you use from website. And put (author, page number) behind quote.
Roman Policy towards the Jews: Expulsions from the City of Rome during the First Century
C.E.
Author(s): Leonard Victor Rutgers
Source: Classical Antiquity, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Apr., 1994), pp. 56-74
Published by: University of California Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25011005 .
Accessed: 26/08/2011 13:35
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LEONARD VICTOR RUTGERS
Roman Policy towards the Jews:
Expulsions from the City of Rome
during the First Century c. E.
Tant de causes secretes se melent souvent a la cause apparente, tant de ressorts
inconnus servent a persecuter un homme, qu'il est impossible de demeler dans les
siecles posterieures la source cachee des malheurs des hommes les plus consider
ables, a plus forte raison celle du supplice d'un particulier qui ne pouvait etre
connu que par ceux de son parti.
-Voltaire, Traite sur la tolerance (1763)
IN THIS ARTICLE I want to discuss the evidence for expulsions of Jews from
the city of Rome in the first century C.E. Scholars have long been interested in the
reasons underlying these expulsions. Because the anci.
Ford VS ChevroletThere are many reasons that make the Chevy.docxTatianaMajor22
Ford VS Chevrolet
There are many reasons that make the Chevy’s and Ford’s motors two most common trucks. Studies reveal that that they are the most popular vehicles on sales today. It is because they are powerful, versatile and reasonably priced. They also come in a wide variety of configurations and styles. However, many buyers and sellers have questioned themselves on the better vehicle compared to the other in terms of quality, Wi-Fi, price ranges, value, and costs. To compare and contrast on this subject, let us take an example of two vehicles each from each company to facilitate comparison.
Ford offers the full-size track with automatic high-beam control, automatic parallel parking and power-retractable running boards. Fords are elegant, and they are mostly aluminum making them save weight and bolster gas mileage. None of these features are offered Chevy’s. Chevrolets have outstanding quality. They are mostly comprised of steel, for instance, the Chevrolet Silverado. This makes them good for rough roads and difficult terrains.
Fords have employed the use of up to date Wi-Fi technology. Ford intends to provide the Ford Sync, which will provide robust connections for occupants. Latest Chevrolet brands Malibu utilize the 4G LTE Wi-Fi Technology that provides rich in-vehicle experiences. This technology is powerful compared to Ford Sync, and is used for connecting devices and executing few remote operations within the car.
From the value and cost standpoint, Ford can consume a little more, and its payload capacity is a little higher. Additionally, its mileage is too better. The prices vary from nation to nation. Chevrolet seems to be a little cheaper, and reasonably priced going for $33,044, which is slightly less than Ford, but the differences are not serious to propel buyers towards one truck leaving the other
Technophiles are likely to put their preferences on Ford to Chevrolet. On overall, Fords have many features as compared Chevy’s. However, they may be hard to maintain. Compared to Fords, Chevrolets are reliable and cheaper. However, the two brands are equally good performers. It is, therefore, prudent to pick what one thinks would fit his or her usage and preference and personal style
Ethical Systems, Research Paper, Spring 2015, Douglas Green, Page 1 of 1
Ethical
Systems/Final
Research
Paper
2,000
words
minimum,
double-‐spaced
Final
Draft
Due:
Tuesday,
April
28,
12:00
pm
(afternoon)
Please
email
your
final
research
paper
to
me
via
MS
Word
attachment
AND
by
cutting/pasting
the
entire
document
into
the
body
of
your
email.
IF
YOU
DO
NOT
RECEIVE
A
CONFIRMATION
EMAIL
BACK,
I
DID
NOT
RECEIVE
YOUR
ESSAY
AND
YOU
WILL
LOSE
ALL
CREDIT
FOR
THIS
REQUIREMENT.
NO
LATE
WORK
WILL
BE
ACCEPTED…
PERIOD!
.
Fairness and Discipline Weve all been disciplined at one.docxTatianaMajor22
Fairness and Discipline
We've all been disciplined at one time or another by a parent or a teacher. What disciplinary experiences have you had as a child that took a non-punitive approach?
I need paragraph or half page with reference
.
Appendix 12A Statement of Cash Flows—Direct MethodLEARNING .docxTatianaMajor22
Appendix 12A
Statement of Cash Flows—Direct Method
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
6
Prepare a statement of cash flows using the direct method.
To explain and illustrate the direct method, we will use the transactions of Computer Services Company for 2014, to prepare a statement of cash flows. Illustration 12A-1 presents information related to 2014 for Computer Services Company.
To prepare a statement of cash flows under the direct approach, we will apply the three steps outlined in Illustration 12-4.
Illustration 12A-1
Comparative balance sheets, income statement, and additional information for Computer Services Company
STEP 1: OPERATING ACTIVITIES
DETERMINE NET CASH PROVIDED/USED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES BY CONVERTING NET INCOME FROM AN ACCRUAL BASIS TO A CASH BASIS
Under the direct method, companies compute net cash provided by operating activities by adjusting each item in the income statement from the accrual basis to the cash basis. To simplify and condense the operating activities section, companies report only major classes of operating cash receipts and cash payments. For these major classes, the difference between cash receipts and cash payments is the net cash provided by operating activities. These relationships are as shown in Illustration 12A-2.
Illustration 12A-2
Major classes of cash receipts and payments
An efficient way to apply the direct method is to analyze the items reported in the income statement in the order in which they are listed. We then determine cash receipts and cash payments related to these revenues and expenses. The following pages present the adjustments required to prepare a statement of cash flows for Computer Services Company using the direct approach.
CASH RECEIPTS FROM CUSTOMERS.
The income statement for Computer Services Company reported sales revenue from customers of $507,000. How much of that was cash receipts? To answer that, companies need to consider the change in accounts receivable during the year. When accounts receivable increase during the year, revenues on an accrual basis are higher than cash receipts from customers. Operations led to revenues, but not all of these revenues resulted in cash receipts.
To determine the amount of cash receipts, the company deducts from sales revenue the increase in accounts receivable. On the other hand, there may be a decrease in accounts receivable. That would occur if cash receipts from customers exceeded sales revenue. In that case, the company adds to sales revenue the decrease in accounts receivable. For Computer Services Company, accounts receivable decreased $10,000. Thus, cash receipts from customers were $517,000, computed as shown in Illustration 12A-3.
Illustration 12A-3
Computation of cash receipts from customers
Computer Services can also determine cash receipts from customers from an analysis of the Accounts Receivable account, as shown in Illustration 12A-4.
Illustration 12A-4
Analysis of Accounts Receivable
Illustration.
Effects of StressProvide a 1-page description of a stressful .docxTatianaMajor22
Effects of Stress
Provide a 1-page description of a stressful event currently occurring in your life.
Discuss I am married work a full time job as an occupational therapy assistant am taking two courses
Have to take care of a home feed the animals attend to laundry
Think of my pateitns worry about their well being and what I can do for them ( I bring home my patients issues)
Constantly doing paper work for work such as documentation for billing
I feel like I have no free time for me some days I don’t even eat dinner or lunch because I don’t have time to make anything or am just too tired to cook
On top of this I am married and married ppl do argue and my husband am I have been bunting heads on finances.
Then, referring to information you learned throughout this course, address the following:
· What physiological changes occur in the brain due to the stress response?
· What emotional and cognitive effects might occur due to this stressful situation?
· Would the above changes (physiological, cognitive, or emotional) be any different if the same stress were being experienced by a person of the opposite sex or someone much older or younger than you?
· If the situation continues, how might your physical health be affected?
· What three behavioral strategies would you implement to reduce the effects of this stressor? Describe each strategy. Explain how each behavior could cause changes in brain physiology (e.g., exercise can raise serotonin levels).
· If you were encouraging an adult client to make the above changes, what ethical considerations would you have to keep in mind? How would you address those ethical considerations?
In addition to citing the online course and the text, you are also required to cite a minimum of four scholarly sources. For reputable web sources, look for .gov or .edu sites as opposed to .com sites. Please do not use Wikipedia.
Your paper should be double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, and with normal 1-inch margins; written in APA style; and free of typographical and grammatical errors. It should include a title page with a running head, an abstract, and a reference page.
The body of the paper should be at least 6 pages in length total
not including the reference or title page
Assignment 1 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Described a stressful event.
20
Explained the physiological changes that occur in the brain due to the stress response.
36
Explained the emotional and cognitive effects that may occur due to this stressful situation.
32
Analyzed potential differences in physiological, cognitive, and emotional responses in someone of a different age or sex.
32
Discussed the physical health risks.
28
Provided three behavioral strategies to reduce the effects of the stressor and explained how each could cause changes in brain physiology.
40
Analyzed ethical considerations in implementing behavioral strategies and offered suggestions for addressing these.
40
Integrated at least two scholarly references .
Design Factors NotesCIO’s Office 5 People IT Chief’s Offi.docxTatianaMajor22
Design Factors
Notes
CIO’s Office
5 People
IT Chief’s Office
5 People
LAN/WAN Maint.
20 People
Reception
4 People
Telecommunications
20 People
LAN Management
50 People
Server Room A
2 Person
Server Room B
4 Person
Equipment:
Patch Cable
Computer to Wall
Patch Cable
LAN Room
Cable Trays/Runs
Horizontal Runs
Cisco Border Router
Research: Attached to 5 Floor Switches
Server Room A
10 Servers
Server Room B
10 Servers
Computers
One Per Person
Standard floor (first floor) Lesson 2 Project Plan info
Design Factors
Notes
CIO’s Office
5 People
IT Chief’s Office
5 People
LAN/WAN Maint.
20 People
Reception
4 People
Telecommunications
20 People
LAN Management
50 People
Server Room A
2 Person
Server Room B
4 Person
Equipment:
Patch Cable
Computer to Wall
Patch Cable
LAN Room
Cable Trays/Runs
Horizontal Runs
Cisco Border Router
Research: Attached to 5 Floor Switches
Server Room A
10 Servers
Server Room B
10 Servers
Computers
One Per Person
Basement floor
Design Factors
Notes
Vertical Riser Run
On Outside Wall of LAN Room on Each Floor.
Fiber-Optic Multimode
Riser Runs: Backbone
SC Connectors
Fiber-Optic Cable
Cisco Catalyst: Switch: WS-C3750G-24PS-S: 24 Ports
Leave a Minimum of four ports free on each switch
Color Laser Printer
Minimum of One per Room or One per 20 people
Vertical Riser Run
On Outside Wall of LAN Room on Each Floor and Server RM B on this floor.
Fiber-Optic Multimode
Riser Runs: Backbone
SC Connectors
Fiber-Optic Cable
Cable Trays/Runs
Horizontal Runs
Horizontal Runs
Leave a Minimum of four ports free on each switch
Applicataion
U.S. Minimum Requirement Ranges
Space per Employee - 1997
Two people, such as a supervisor and an employee, can meet in an office with a table or desk between them
60" to 72" x 90" to 126:/5.78m2 to 11.7m2
280Sq. Ft./26.0m2
Worker has a primary desk plus a return
60" to 72"x60"to 84"/5.78 to 7.8m2
193Sq. Ft./17.9m2
Executive office - three to four people can meet around a desk
105 to 130"x96 to 123"/9.75 to 11.4 m2
142Sq. Ft./13.2m2
Basic workstation such as a call center
42" to 52" x 60" to 72"/3.9 to 6.7 m2
114Sq. Ft./10.6 m2
NT1310: Project
Page 1
PRO JECT D ESC RIPT ION
As the project manager for the Cable Planning team, you will manage the creation of the cable plan for
the new building that will be built, with construction set to begin in six weeks.
The deliverables for the entire Cable Plan will consist of an Executive Summary, a PowerPoint
Presentation and an Excel Spreadsheet. You will develop different parts of each of these in three parts.
The final organization should contain these elements:
The Executive Summary:
o Project Introduction
o Standards and Codes
Cable Standards and Codes
Building Standards and Codes
o Project Materials
o Copper Cable, Tools, and Test Equipment
o Fiber-Optic Cable, Tools, and Test Equipment
o Fiber-Optic Design Considerations
o Basement Server Comp.
Question 12.5 pointsSaveThe OSU studies concluded that le.docxTatianaMajor22
The document contains questions about leadership, motivation, communication, groups/teams, and decision making. The questions assess knowledge of topics like situational leadership theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, organizational communication barriers, stages of team development, and group decision making techniques like brainstorming.
Case Study 1 Questions1. What is the allocated budget .docxTatianaMajor22
Case Study 1 Questions:
1. What is the allocated budget ? $250,000
2. Where does the server room located? Currently, there is no server room
3. What is the number of users with PCs inside each existing site?
Currently there are
4. What is the current cabling used in each location? (cat5e or cat6) Current cabling does not meet the company’s current and future needs
5. Do want us to upgrade token Ring or use a completely new Ethernet network What is your recommendation and why?
6. regarding the ordering system , it is not clear what the we should do , do you want to talk about how to connect the system to the network or how to built the ordering online system because it is more software engineering than networking . Talk about the kind of network (hardware) you recommend based on the business requirements
7. all the sites should have access to our servers in the main branch? yes
8. Regarding the order software, do you need more details about the way it works or just about its connection with the network? Your solution should be from a network point of view
9. Distances are given in Meters or feet? feet
10. Shipment is done by truck, or ships? Currently, only trucking
11. In Dimebox branch, where are administration offices located? See Business goals # 4
12. What is the current network connectivity status? How many devices are currently on the network? How they are physically laid out? Is cabling running all over the floor, hidden in walls or threaded through the ceiling? What are the switches used and its speed? Currently, only the office is networked (token ring) NOVELL
13. What is the minimum Internet speed wanted? See Business Goals on page 2 – I only can tell you what we need the network for, you must tell me what we need to meet the business needs
14. Will the corporation provide wireless access? If yes will it be in all department and buildings? Wireless access would be helpful if we can justify the cost
15. Are there phones in offices? yes
16. What is the internet speed available now? What speed do you want for future? Internet access is through time warner cable company which is not very reliable
17. Do employees access their emails outside the company? yes
18. Do you have plans for future expansion? We like to increase our customer base by 20% over the next year
REMEMBER, you are the IT expert, I’m only a business person who must rely on your expertise.
Network Design and Performance
Case Study
Dooma-Flochies, Inc. with headquarters located on Podunk Road in Trumansburg, NY, is the sole manufacturer of Dooma-Flochies (big surprise). They currently have a manufacturing facility in, Lake Ridge, NY (across Cayuga Lake) on Cayuga Dr. and have recently diversified by purchasing a company, This-N-That, on Industry Ave. in, Dime Box Texas. This-N-That is the sole competitor of Domma-Flochies with their product Thinga-Ma-Jigs. This acquisition gives Dooma-Flochies, Inc a monopoly in this mark.
Behavior in OrganizationsIntercultural Communications Exercise .docxTatianaMajor22
Behavior in Organizations
Intercultural Communications Exercise Response Paper –
Week 5
The most overt cultural differences, such as greeting rituals and name format, can be overcome most easily. The underlying, intangible differences are very difficult to overcome. In this case, the underlying cultural differences are
· Assumptions about the purpose of the event (is the party strictly for fun and for relationship building, or are their business matters to take care of?).
· Assumptions about the purpose and the nature of business relationship.
· Assumptions about power and leadership relationships (who makes the decisions and how?).
· Response styles (verbal and nonverbal signals of agreement, disagreement, politeness, etc.).
Many (though not all) cultural differences can be overcome if you carefully observe other people, think creatively, remain flexible, and remember that your own culture is not inherently superior to others.
The Scenario
Three corporations are planning a joint venture to sponsor an international concert tour. The corporations are Decibel, an agency representing the musicians (from the US, Britain, and Japan); Images, a marketing firm which will handle sales of tickets, snacks and beverages, clothing, and CDs; and Event, a special events company which will hire the ushers, concessionaires, and security officers; print the programs; and clean up the arenas after the shows. The companies come from three different cultures: Blue, Green, and Red. Each has specific cultural traits, customs, and practices.
You are a manager in one of these companies. You will attend the opening cocktail party in Perth, Australia the evening before a 3-day meeting during which the three companies will negotiate the details of the partnership. Your management team includes a Vice President and a number of other managers.
During the 3-day meeting, the companies have the following goals:
Decibel
· As high a royalty rate as possible on sales of T-shirts, videos, and CDs
· Aggressive marketing and advertising to increase attendance and sales
· Good security, both before and during the show Image
Image
· Well known bands that will be easy to market
· As much income as possible from the concerts
· Smoothly functioning event so that publicity from early concerts is positive
Event
· Bands that are not likely to provoke stampedes, riots, or other antisocial behavior
· Bands that are reliable and will show up on time, ready to play
· As much income as possible from the concerts
The cultures that are assigned to the various companies are:
BLUE CULTURE
Image (Marketing Company)
Beliefs, Values, and Attitudes that Underlie This Culture’s Communication
Believe that fate and luck control most things.
Believe in feelings more than reasoning.
An authoritarian leader makes the ultimate decisions.
Nonverbal Traits of This Culture
Treat time as something that is unimportant. It is not a commodity that can be lost.
Conversation distance is close (about 15 inches, face-.
Discussion Question Comparison of Theories on Anxiety Disord.docxTatianaMajor22
Discussion Question:
Comparison of Theories on Anxiety Disorders
There are numerous theories that attempt to explain the development and manifestation of psychological disorders. Some researchers hold that certain disorders result from learned behaviors (behavioral theory), while other researchers believe that there is a genetic or biological basis to psychological disorders (medical model), while still others hold that psychological disorders stem from unresolved unconscious conflict (psychoanalytic theory). How would each of these theoretical viewpoints explain anxiety disorders? Does one explain the development and manifestation of anxiety disorders better than the others?
200- 400 words please
Three min resources with
in text citations and examples
you can use the following as a module reference
cite as university 2014
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, specific phobias, and social anxiety disorder feature a heightened autonomic nervous system response that is above and beyond what would be considered normal when faced with the object or situation that the person reacts to. For example, a person with a specific phobia of spiders (called arachnophobia) experiences a heightened autonomic response when confronted with a spider (or even an image of a spider). This anxiety response must result in significant distress or impairment. In general, anxiety disorders have been linked to underactive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, resulting in overexcitability of the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex. Additionally, genetic research shows that anxiety disorders demonstrate a clear pattern of genetic predisposition
Charles Darwin's Perspective
We talked about Charles Darwin when discussing evolution and natural selection. Darwin was also very interested in emotions. One of his books published in 1872,The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, was devoted to this topic.
Darwin believed that emotions play an important role in the survival of the species and result from evolutionary processes in the same way as other behaviors and psychological functions. Darwin's writing on this topic also prompted psychologists to study animal behavior as a way to better understand human behavior.
James–Lange Theory of Emotions
Modern theories of emotion can be traced to William James and Carl Lange (Pinel, 2011). William James was a renowned Harvard psychologist who is sometimes called the father of American psychology. Carl Lange was a Danish physician. James and Lange formulated the same theory of emotions independently at about the same time (1884). As a result, it is called the James–Lange theory of emotions. This theory reversed the commonsensical notion that emotions are automatic responses to events around us. Instead, it proposes that emotions are the brain's interpretation of physiological responses to emotionally provocative stimuli.
Cannon–Bard Theory of Emotions
In 1915, Harvard physiologist Walt.
I have always liked Dustin Hoffmans style of acting, in this mov.docxTatianaMajor22
I have always liked Dustin Hoffman's style of acting, in this movie he takes on a sexually deprived young male just out of college, and has never been with a female, and is duped by horny older woman that feels neglected. Dustin Hoffman takes the characters form of a young male, goofy, respectful virgin and intelligent male, missing something but not really sure at the beginning till Ann Bancroft coaxes him with seduction to fulfill her own needs. In an other movie called "The life of Little Big Man" he plays almost the same character but as a white child raised by the Native Americans and a wise old chief that deeply care and loves him as his own, and Fay Dunaway plays a Holy rollers wife that is older and sexually deprived and feeling neglected by her husband and also she goes through major changes in her life from devoted wife, to a honey bell/ house hooker, whats funny Dustin Hoffman is a awesome actor but has to have his surrounding characters bring his character to life. The Graduate was Dustin Hoffman's first big movie of his career.
I actually liked movie "Little Big man" way better due to he went through major changes in his life, from being a Native boy warrior, captured by Yankees, meets Fay Dunaway who loves to give baths, to finding his sister who teaches him to be a gunslinger and then returns to his Grand Father to be a native again and tells his blind Grand Father the world of the white man is a crazy one, then his see the Psyho Col. Custer and gets his revenge by telling Custer the truth. The movie Little Big Man makes you laugh, teaches you things about people and survial and cry at times... its a must see...
Although a stray away from the Benjamin Braddock written about in the novel The Graduate, Dustin Hoffman does an awesome job with this character on film. When you first meet Ben he is at a party that his parents are throwing in his academic honor upon his graduation from school and return home. The whole night, Hoffman stumbles though various conversations and tries to coyly escape from the festivities. Small things such as this Hoffman did a great job at, conveying the hesitance and crisis that Ben was going through as a graduate. There are multiple times in the movie he hardly expresses anything at all, yet it clearly shows you that Ben is having a very hard time internally with everything going on. Even through his relationships with Mrs. Robinson and her daughter Elaine you see the young man struggling with himself through either failed attempts at affection or lack thereof.
.
Is obedience to the law sufficient to ensure ethical behavior Wh.docxTatianaMajor22
Is obedience to the law sufficient to ensure ethical behavior? Why, or why not? Support your answer with at least three reasons that justify your position.
100 words
Discuss the differences between an attitude and a behavior. Provide 4 substantive reasons why it is important for organizations to monitor and mitigate employee behavior that is either beneficial or detrimental to the organization's goals and existence.
150 words
.
If you are using the Blackboard Mobile Learn IOS App, please clic.docxTatianaMajor22
If you are using the Blackboard Mobile Learn IOS App, please click "View in Browser." V BUS 520Week 9 Assignment 4 Paper
I need the paper as soon as possible
Students, please view the "Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment" in the Student Center.
Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center.
Assignment 4: Leadership Style: What Do People Do When They Are Leading?
Due Week 9 and worth 100 points
Choose one (1) of the following CEOs for this assignment: Larry Page (Google), Tony Hsieh (Zappos), Gary Kelly (Southwest Airlines), Meg Whitman (Hewlett Packard), Ursula Burns (Xerox), Terri Kelly (W.L. Gore), Ellen Kullman (DuPont), or Bob McDonald (Procter & Gamble). Use the Internet to investigate the leadership style and effectiveness of the selected CEO. (Note: Just choose one that is easier for you to right about.) It does not matter to me which CEO you pick
Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:
1. Provide a brief (one [1] paragraph) background of the CEO.
2. Analyze the CEO’s leadership style and philosophy, and how the CEO’s leadership style aligns with the culture.
3. Examine the CEO’s personal and organizational values.
4. Evaluate how the values of the CEO are likely to influence ethical behavior within the organization.
5. Determine the CEO’s three (3) greatest strengths and three (3) greatest weaknesses.
6. Select the quality that you believe contributes most to this leader’s success. Support your reasoning.
7. Assess how communication and collaboration, and power and politics influence group (i.e., the organization’s) dynamics.
8. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Analyze the formation and dynamics of group behavior and work teams, including the application of power in groups.
· Outline various individual and group decision-making processes and key factors affecting these processes.
· Examine the primary conflict levels within organization and the process for negotiating resolutions.
· Examine how power and influence empower and affect office politics, political interpretations, and political behavior.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in organizational behavior.
· Write clearly and concisely about organizational behavior using proper writing mechanics.
Click here.
Is the proliferation of social media and communication devices a .docxTatianaMajor22
Social media and communication devices have both benefits and drawbacks for society. While they allow easy connection with others and access to information, overuse can negatively impact relationships and mental health. Overall, moderation is key to reap the upsides of technology while avoiding the downsides.
MATH 107 FINAL EXAMINATIONMULTIPLE CHOICE1. Deter.docxTatianaMajor22
The document contains a 30-question math exam covering topics like functions, graphs, equations, inequalities, logarithms, and other math concepts. It includes multiple choice, short answer, and show work questions assessing skills like domain and range, solving equations, graphing, composites, inverses, lines, maximizing profit, and more. Students must demonstrate mathematical reasoning and problem-solving abilities.
If the CIO is to be valued as a strategic actor, how can he bring.docxTatianaMajor22
If the CIO is to be valued as a strategic actor, how can he bring to the table the ethos of alignment, bound to the demands of process strategic planning to move IT to the forefront of the organization's future? Is there a lack of information on strategic planning? Nope. I think the process of planning is poorly understood, and rarely endorsed. The reasons are simple enough. Planning requires a commitment of resources (time, talent, money); it requires insight; it requires a total immersion in the corporate culture. While organizations do plan, planning is invariably attached to the budget process. It is typically here that the CIO lays out his/her vision for the coming year Now a few years ago authors began writing on the value of aligning IT purpose to organizational purpose. They wrote at a time when enterprise architectural planning was fairly new, and enterprise resource management was on the lips of every executive. My view is that alignment is a natural process driven by the availability of the tools to accomplish it. Twenty years ago making sense of IT was more about processing power, and database management. We are in a new age of IT, and it is the computer that is the network, not the network as an independent self-contained exchange of information. If you will spend some time reviewing the basic materials I provided on strategic planning and alignment, we can begin our discussions for the course. Again, here is the problem I would like for us to tackle: If the CIO is to be valued as a strategic actor, how can he bring to the table the ethos of alignment, bound to the demands of process strategic planning to move IT to the forefront of the organization's future? Most of the articles I bundled together for this week are replete with tables and charts. These can be a heavy read. Your approach should be to review these articles for the "big ideas" or lessons that are take away. I think these studies are significant enough that we will conclude our first week with an understanding of the roles between executive leaders, and how they see Information Technology playing a role in shaping a business strategy.
Read the articles to answer the question. Please No Plagerism or verbatim but you are allowed to quote from the article.
Achieving and Sustaining
Business-IT Alignment
Jerry Luftman
Tom Brier
I
n recent decades, billions of dollars have been invested in intormation tech-
nology (IT). A key concern of business executives is alignment—applying IT
in an appropriate and timely way and in harmony with business strategies,
goals, and needs. This issue addresses both how IT is aligned with the busi-
ness and how the business should be aligned with IT Frustratingly, organizations
seem to find it difficult or impossible to harness the power of information tech-
nology for their own long-term benefit, even though there is worldwide evi-
dence that IT has the power to transform whole industries and markets.' How
can companies.
I am showing below the proof of breakeven, which is fixed costs .docxTatianaMajor22
I am showing below the proof of breakeven, which is fixed costs/ contribution margin.
We start with the definition of breakeven and proceed using elementary algebra to derive the formula. Breakeven is a number and is created by knowing fixed and variable costs, and the retail sales price. It is thus not a point of discussion but is based on the assumptions of these variables.
Proof of Breakeven
Definition of BreakevenVolume: Total Revenue = Total Expenses
Definition
1.Total Revenue = Total Expenses
Breakdown of Definition
2. Retail Price * Volume = Fixed Expenses + Variable Expenses
Further Analysis
3. Retail Price * Volume = Fixed Expenses + (Volume * Unit Variable Expenses)
Subtract (Volume * Unit Variable Expenses) from both sides
4. Fixed Expenses = (Retail Price * Volume) — (Volume * Unit Variable Expenses)
Factor
5. Fixed Expenses = Volume * (Retail Price – Unit Variable Expenses)
Divide both sides by (Retail Price – Unit Variable Expenses)
6. Volume = Fixed Expenses
(Retail Price – Unit Variable Expenses)
Substitution based on Definition
7. Since (Retail Price — Unit Variable Expenses) is called Contribution Margin,
Therefore:
Breakeven Volume = Fixed Expenses / Contribution Margin
NAME_________________________________________________ DATE ____________
1. Explain some of the economic, social, and political considerations involved in changing the tax law.
2. Explain the difference between a Partnership, a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) and a Limited Liability Company (LLC). In each structure who has liability?
3. How is “control” defined for purposes of Section 351 of the IRS Code?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using debt in a firm’s capital structure?
5. Under what circumstances is a corporation’s assumption of liabilities considered boot in a Section 351exchange?
6. What are the tax consequences for the transferor and transferee when property is transferred to a newly created corporation in an exchange qualifying as nontaxable under Section 351?
7. Why are corporations allowed a dividend-received deduction? What dividends qualify for this special deduction?
8. Provide 3 examples of a Constructive Dividend. Are these Constructive Dividends taxable?
9. Discuss the tax consequences of a new Partnership Formation and give details to gain and losses and basis?
10. Provide 2 similarities and 2 differences when comparing Sections 351 and 721 of the IRS Code.
11. What is the difference between inside and outside basis with a partnership?
12. ABC Partnership distributes $12,000 of taxable income to partner Bob and $24,000 of tax-exempt income to Partner Bob. As a result of these two distributions, how does Bob’s basis change?
13. On January 1, Katie pays $2,000 for a 10% capital, profits, and loss interest in a partnership.
Examine the way in which death and dying are viewed at different .docxTatianaMajor22
Examine the way in which death and dying are viewed at different points in human development.
Using only my text as a reference:
Berger, K.S. (2011). The developing person through the life span (8th ed.).
I need 3 detailed PowerPoint slide with very detailed speaker notes. There must be detailed speaker notes on each slide. The 4th slide will be the reference.
.
Karimi 1 Big Picture Blog Post First Draft College .docxTatianaMajor22
Karimi 1
Big Picture Blog Post First Draft
College Girls in Media
Sogand Karimi
Media and Hollywood movies have affected and influenced society’s perception on
female college students. Due to Hollywood movies and media, society mostly recognizes the
negative stereotypes of a college women. Saran Donahoo, an associate professor and education
administration of Southern Illinois University, once said, “The messages in these films
consistently emphasized college as a place where young women come to have fun, engage in
romances with young men, experiment with sex and alcohol, face dilemmas regarding body
image, and encounter difficulties in associating with other college women.” In this essay I will
be talking about the recurring stereotypes and themes portrayed in three hollywood movies,
Spring Breakers, The house bunny and Legally Blond and how these stereotypes affect our
society.
The movie Spring Breakers is about four college girls who are bored with their daily
routines and want to escape on a spring break vacation to Florida. After realizing they don’t have
enough money, they rub a local diner with fake guns and ski masks. They break the laws in order
to get down to Florida, just to break more rules and laws once they’re there. During the film, you
will notice a lot of partying, drugs and sexual activity. The four girls wear bikinis for majority of
the film and are overly sexual. These are some common themes and stereotypes seen in all three
movies. Media and movies like spring breakers have made it a norm to constantly want to party,
get drunk and have sex as a college woman. In an article by Heather Long, she mentions how the
movie can even be seen as supporting rape culture. She believes because of these stereotypes
always being shown in media, it is contributing to the “girls asking for it” excuse when it comes
to rape cases with young girls. Long also said “...never mind the fact that thousands of college
students are spending their spring break not on a beach, but volunteering with groups like Habitat
for Humanity and the United Way, especially after Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy.” THIS shows
how media only displays one side of a certain group or story. Even though not all college girls
like to party and lay on a beach naked for spring break, that’s what media likes to portray. Not
only does this give the wrong message to our society but it influences bigger issues like rape, as
the author mentioned.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/10/alternative-spring-break_n_494028.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/10/alternative-spring-break_n_494028.html
Karimi 2
The movie House bunny. The House bunny is a movie about an ex playmate or girlfriend
if Hugh Hefner that gets kicked out of the Playboy Mansion due to her aging. She then becomes
a mother of an unpopular sorority with girls that are bit geeky, and unusual compared to other
girls on campus. The story.
Please try not to use hard words Thank youWeek 3Individual.docxTatianaMajor22
Please try not to use hard words Thank you
Week 3
Individual
Problems and Goals Case Study
Select one of the following three case studies in Ch. 6 of The Helping Process:
· Case Susanna
· Case James and Samantha
· Case Alicia and Montford
Identify three to five problems in the case study you have selected.
Write a 500- to 700-word paperthatincludes the following:
· A problem-solving strategy and a goal for each problem
· The services, resources, and supports the client may need and why
· A description of how goals are measurable and realistically attainable for the client
Here is the case studies
Exercise 3: Careful Assessment
The following case studies are about Susanna, James, Samantha, Alicia, and Montford, all
homeless children attending school. The principal of the school has asked you to conduct
an assessment of these children and provide initial recommendations.
Before you begin this exercise, go to the website that accompanies this book: www.
wadsworth.com/counseling/mcclam, Chapter Three, Link 1, to read more about homeless
families and children.
Susanna
Susanna is 15 years old. Th e city where she lives has four schools: two elementary, one
middle, and one high school. Th ere are about 1,500 students enrolled in the city/county
school district and about 450 in the local high school that Susanna is attending. For the
past six months, Susanna has been living with her boyfriend and his parents. Prior to this,
she left her mother’s home and lived on the streets. She is pregnant and her boyfriend’s
parents want her to move out of their home. Her father lives in a town with his girlfriend,
about 50 miles from the city. Her mother lives outside the city with Susanna’s baby brother.
Right now Susanna’s mother is receiving child support for the two children. Susanna wants
to have a portion of the child support so that she can find a place of her own to live. Her
mother says that the only way that Susanna can have access to that money is to move back
home. Susanna refuses to move back in with her mother.
You receive a call from the behavior specialist at Susanna’s high school. Susanna’s
mother is at the school demanding that Susanna be withdrawn from school. Susanna’s
mother indicates that Susanna will be moving in with her and will be enrolling in another
school district.
Currently Susanna is not doing very well in school. She misses school and she tells the
helper it is because she is tired and that she does not have good food to eat. She has not told
the helper that she is looking for a place to live. Right now she is failing two of her classes
and she has one B and two Ds. Her boyfriend has missed a lot of school, too.
James and Samantha
James is 10 years old and he has a sister, Samantha, who is 8. At the beginning of the
school year, both of the children were attending Boone Elementary School. Both children
live with their aunt and uncle; their parents are in prison. In the middle of the scho.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, and echoed down
1. Inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at
Delphi, and echoed down the halls of time
by Plato, Pope, Franklin, and Emerson,
there may be no more fundamental
maxim to describe the human project. It
has been our work — our puzzle — for as
long as we have been on this earth. And,
though progress can be hard to discern in
the cacophony of modern life, the truth is
that we are now in an unrivaled position
to answer the call of history.
In the last few decades, advances in the
mind sciences, data collection, and exper-
imental design have greatly increased our
understanding of human behavior. Yet,
these near-miraculous developments have
not engendered the collective epiphany
that might be expected. Why? Much of
what psychologists and neuroscientists
have discovered about us is deeply unset-
tling. As Aristophanes warned in The
Clouds, to really “know yourself” is to
know “how ignorant and stupid you are.”1
We are not the people we have long
assumed ourselves to be. While we feel
like rational deciders, directing our
actions through reason and delibera-
tion, we are frequently guided by intui-
tive processes beyond our awareness or
2. control. We quickly spot flaws in others,
while ignoring the same shortcomings
in ourselves. Our memories — highly
malleable and subject to misattribu-
tion and suggestibility — are more like
ever-changing collages than photographs.
Rather than objectively sorting through
the facts, we jump to conclusions and then
search for evidence that confirms what
we already believe to be true. To make
matters worse, many of our rules, policies,
and institutions are based on myths about
how people think and act. The upshot is
that we are far less safe, less fair, less in
control, less effective, and less just than
we purport to be.
Our legal system is not immune from
the critique. The latest scientific research
suggests that the great edifice of law is
grounded on incorrect and damaging
notions about human cognition that have
gone uncontested for centuries. We have
assured ourselves that when an eyewitness
comes forward and identifies a suspect
with confidence, we can rest easy that
we have the right guy. But in real line-
ups, one third of the time when witnesses
pick someone out they select an innocent
filler.2 We have assumed that when a
suspect confesses to the rape and murder
of a child, we can close the case. But,
again, the emerging data has shaken our
“Know thyself.”
4. tion techniques shown in experiments to
lead people to admit to offenses they did
not commit.4
Consider what we’ve learned about
judges. Conventional wisdom holds that
there are two kinds of judges: umpires
and activists. Umpires are the ones who
choose to be objective: They call “balls
and strikes,” dispassionately applying
the law to the facts at hand. Activists, by
contrast, are ideologues who choose to
pursue their own agendas. In this concep-
tion — engrained in many judicial codes of
conduct — bias is subject to introspection
and is simply a matter of self-control. But
the latest research suggests that all judges
— just like all humans — are biased.
Part of the issue is that judges aren’t
able to put their backgrounds to the
side when they sit on the bench. Justice
Sonia Sotomayor’s controversial claim that
“[p] ersonal experiences affect the facts that
judges choose to see” is strongly supported
by available psychological data.5 We all
look at the world through lenses colored
by our identities and histories. It’s not
surprising to learn that judges appointed
by Democrats tend to decide matters in
ways more favorable toward minorities,
immigrants, and convicts and uphold
agency decisions brought by labor unions
and public-interest groups.6 As you might
expect, those appointed by Republicans
5. tend to favor business and the prosecu-
tion. But judges’ lenses are tinted by far
more than ideology: Age, gender, race,
and countless other factors all cast their
shadow. In one recent study, judges who
had a daughter rather than a son were
16 percent more likely to decide in favor
of women’s rights in civil rights cases
involving issues of gender.7
It is worrisome to consider not only
that our cultural backgrounds matter, but
also that our judiciary has lacked diver-
sity for so long. For hundreds of years, the
Anglo-American legal system amassed
judicial opinions defined by the view-
points of a narrow subgroup of citizens
— white, elite, older, Christian, educated
men.8 Today, Justice Sotomayor may bring
a fresh outlook to the Supreme Court as
the first Hispanic in the Court’s 220-year
history, but she is powerfully constrained
by this precedent. 4
can science
save justice?
JUDICATURE 25
26 VOL. 101 NO. 2
Unfortunately, the problem of judi-
cal bias extends beyond a judge’s iden-
6. tity: Court decisions appear to be shaped
by a whole host of situational elements
that aren’t supposed to matter. Studies
on sentencing have shown that judges
are influenced by the race of the defend-
ant, legally prejudicial and irrelevant
facts, subtle reminders of their own
mortality, random numerical anchors
generated by rolling a pair of dice, and
even the time of day.9 When research-
ers looked at a set of Israeli judges, they
found that the judges were far more likely
to grant prisoners parole at the start of
the morning or after one of two breaks
than they were at the end of the day or
just before a break.10 A separate study
published last year showed that the shift
to daylight savings time itself matters: On
the Monday after losing an hour of sleep,
judges hand out harsher punishments.11
Of course, judges don’t feel biased at
all because things like confirmation bias
are hidden behind the elaborate legal
frameworks we’ve constructed: canons
of statutory interpretation, three-prong
tests, amicus briefs, and the like. A judge
searching for the answer to whether flee-
ing from the police in a car is a “violent
felony” may believe she is engaging in
a neutral assessment of the evidence to
reach a conclusion. But the data suggests
otherwise: Judges tend to start with the
conclusion based on gut instinct and
then search for the research that supports
it, discarding and dismissing counter-
7. evidence along the way.12
Judges are not uniquely vulnerable to
bias. In my book, Unfair: The New Science
of Criminal Injustice, I show how all our
legal actors — including jurors, witnesses,
defendants, experts, lawmakers, and pris-
ons guards — are affected by unappreci-
ated forces around them and within them.
The skew in our system runs far and wide.
There can be no doubt, then, that
empiricism presents a major threat. To
embrace evidence is to show that the
emperor is wearing no clothes. It under-
mines the legitimacy of our existing
structures, and we would expect to see
a backlash to research-derived policy
across disciplines, including law. In many
ways, this is the central battle of our
time: between societal ordering based on
evidence and ordering based on opinion,
faith, and “feel.”
There are genuine reasons to be
cautious with evidence-based approaches
to policy. Research can turn out to be
flawed, for one. But in the long run,
embracing empiricism bests all the alter-
natives because it is grounded in testing
and updating. When the reliability of an
existing protocol for eyewitness lineups
is undermined by subsequent nonrepli-
cations and real-world datasets, there is
a ready solution: Revise the protocol to
8. conform to the latest research. Progress
happens by design with an evidence-based
approach, not luck. Failures are expected
events to be learned from, not embarrass-
ments to be hidden from view.
Moreover, it’s worth noting that
those who argue against evidence-based
change on the grounds that the under-
lying scientific evidence is not yet ripe
are often arguing for a status quo that is
based on no science. So, to the critics who
suggest that the research on false confes-
sions or racial bias is not robust enough
to merit changes: Where are the peer-
reviewed studies to support the accuracy
of current approaches? There is a long
history of trying to ensure inaction on
a variety of issues by attacking existing
findings as “unsettled.”13 The cigarette
industry managed to avoid regulation
for years by casting doubt on the scien-
tific data that suggested smoking causes
cancer, just as the fossil fuel industry has
sought to disrupt the scientific consensus
that man-made climate change is real.
The trick is that you don’t have to win
the debate, all you have to do is make it
look like one exists and you can count on
Americans’ natural inertia to ensure that
the status quo is maintained.
WHY IGNORING EMPIRICISM
ISN’T AN OPTION
In the face of such significant challenges,
we must be resolute. Ignoring empiricism
9. is simply not an option for the law. The
legitimacy of our legal system is grounded
in its strict adherence to the facts. A
system that disregards the evidence is not
a system based on the rule of law at all.
Justice is predicated on truth. It matters,
for example, whether African Americans
actually get longer sentences than white
Americans, regardless of what people
believe to be the case. It matters whether
three-strikes laws deter effectively. It
matters if existing copyright protections
don’t have much of an effect on encourag-
ing people to create works. We can build
beautiful models based on assumptions
about how rational individuals should
behave, but what really matters is if
people actually buy insurance when it is
in their best interests or breach mortgage
contracts when they’re underwater.
Even if it were justifiable to ignore
the behavioral evidence, hiding our heads
in the sand would be foolish because
sophisticated parties are already catalogu-
ing our biases and using them to their
advantage. The trial consulting industry
was started by social scientists commit-
ted to leveraging their understanding of
human behavior and the tools of their
trade to ensure fairness in the selection
of juries. But in the intervening decades,
trial consulting has turned into big busi-
ness, and the game has changed.14 Clients
pay thousands of dollars to win, not play
10. fair, and the goal has shifted to studying
the proclivities of jurors, witnesses, and
others to ensure as skewed an outcome in
the client’s favor as possible. New firms
have recently emerged that specialize in
predicting judicial behavior.15 Bloomberg
Law Litigation Analytics, for example,
sorts through legal data to offer individu-
alized analysis on questions like the prob-
ability that a specific judge will grant a
motion to dismiss, how well specific firms
fare before that judge, and how often firms
are successful in appealing.16 Though the
concern was once with snake-oil salesmen
offering dubious data to desperate clients,
the major danger today is that trial
consultants are likely to become more and
more effective. Members of the industry
are not primarily lawyers; they are scien-
tists, many with PhDs.17 The evidence
revolution is coming one way or another.
JUDICATURE 27
The only reasonable answer, then, is
to commit ourselves to evidence-based
justice. First, we must continue to collect
and analyze data. That means expanding
our capture of real-world information.
There can be a natural reluctance to expose
one’s work to quantification and assess-
ment, but it is the only way to recognize
hidden partiality and unfairness. Though
a judge may handle hundreds or thou-
11. sands of cases in a given year, the work
of a judge is generally focused narrowly
on the individual matter at hand, and it
can be hard to see broader patterns. We
must also increase funding for experimen-
tal work and foster collaboration between
researchers and police departme nts,
courts, and prisons. We learn the most
when we can run experiments with real
jurors, real judges, and real police officers,
in the field.
Second, having collected data, we
must adopt empirically-grounded best
practices. Our goal should be to have all
aspects of our legal machinery — how we
train police cadets to handle the mentally
ill, how we conduct voir dire, how we
interview witnesses — backed by strong
evidence. By its very nature, this will
be an iterative process as we continue to
collect data and hone our processes.
If embracing evidence-based justice is
our path forward, there is still the ques-
tion of just how bold we should be in our
reforms. Most people who support empir-
icism have come down in the “incremental
change” camp. For these innovators, the
aim has been to figure out what is plausi-
ble in the current climate. What propos-
als can bring together broad coalitions?
What ideas seem generally unthreatening?
What can be done without much disrup-
tion? The result has been largely accept-
ing the foundational legal myths as they
12. are and looking to what minor changes are
feasible today. So, we have seen calls for
more oversight of plea bargains, allowing
jurors to take notes during trial, requiring
open file discovery, and video recording
all interrogations, among other reforms.18
The work with eyewitness identification
procedures is a prime example of the
incremental approach. Over a period of
decades, we have seen small-scale changes
in certain jurisdictions based on research
on blind administration, lineup construc-
tion, and other subtopics.
One of the problems with incremen-
talism is that it may make our core legal
myths harder to dispel. Focusing on
getting police departments to use a more
diagnostic photo-array procedure with
eyewitnesses ends up reifying the notion
that eyewitness memory is sufficiently
reliable to act as a primary guide for detec-
tives, judges, and jurors. Incrementalism
may also lead us to settle on rules that
amount to political compromises and
aren’t defensible based on science. The
push to end solitary confinement for juve-
niles is a great example. The research on
solitary confinement suggests that it can
produce deep psychological suffering
and damage.19 Young people appear to
be particularly vulnerable. Yet, there are
other populations — most notably, those
with existing mental illness — who may
be at even greater risk. And there is no
13. scientific basis for using the age 18 as a
break point. Someone who is one day
short of his 18th birthday appears indis-
tinguishable from someone a day older.
Most importantly, even if certain groups
may fare worse in solitary than others, the
evidence suggests that such confinement
presents a significant harm for almost
everyone. In other words, the science
implies a broad ban, but incrementalism
says “we can’t.”
So, while many of the changes being
advanced by incrementalists — including
banning solitary confinement for juveniles
— are valuable and should be pursued,
they can only be part of the solution. In
some cases, they may not get us where
we ultimately want to go. In other cases,
the pace of change is simply too slow and
the injustice in the present is simply too
great. We must concurrently engage in a
broader reimagining and reformulating of
our practices, procedures, and laws.
What if we had the ability to start
anew? How would we build our legal
structures if we began with a correct
understanding of human behavior, and
we were not constrained by the existing
frameworks? We need to focus our atten-
tion on this ideal, envisioning its archi-
tecture, however infeasible it may seem
in the present. By anticipating a bold
evidence-based future now, we can better
14. design and control outcomes in a rapidly
changing environment.
BOLD IDEAS
In the United States — and in many coun-
tries around the world — to be legally
objective is to place a “veil” between your-
self and those you judge. Lady Justice is
carved with her eyes covered by a shroud.
In the words of William Penn, “Justice is
justly represented blind, because she sees
no difference in the parties concerned. She
has but one scale and weight, for rich and
poor, great and small.”20
But real justice is not blind at all. Your
appearance matters at every step of the
way. With the recent deaths of Philando
Castile, Alton Sterling, Michael Brown,
Eric Garner, and other African Americans
at the hands of the police, public atten-
tion has been particularly drawn to race.
Black people are more likely to be stopped
by the cops and more likely to have force
used against them.21 Castile, for example,
was pulled over at least 49 times in the 13
years before his fatal encounter.22 African
Americans also receive harsher treatment
when it comes to charging, bail, and
sentencing.23 In one study of interracial
murder, black men with the most stereo-
Those who argue against evidence-based change on the grounds
that the underlying scientific evidence is not yet ripe are often
arguing for a status quo that is based on no science.
15. 4
28 VOL. 101 NO. 2
typically African-American features were
more than twice as likely to receive a capi-
tal sentence as those with lighter skin and
thinner lips.24
But our eyes deceive us even when race
is placed to the side. Research shows that
people are more likely to believe more
attractive witnesses.25 Skinny female
defendants receive more lenient treatment
than obese women.26 People who avert
their gaze or fidget end up tagged as
deceitful by both police interrogators and
jurors, even though research shows that
neither “tell” is accurate.27
When Brock Turner, the Stanford
swimmer convicted of sexually assaulting
an unconscious woman behind a dump-
ster, received a sentence of just six months
in prison last year, the district attorney
lamented that the “punishment does not
fit the crime.”28 But it was no surprise:
As the prosecutor conceded in her clos-
ing argument, Turner — with his broad
smile, bright eyes, and pale, boyish face
— doesn’t “look like a rapist.”29
The legal system’s primary defense
16. against these biases has been to instruct
judges, jurors, and others simply to turn
them off. But the latest psychological
research suggests that much of the skew
is not susceptible to conscious control.
There is no magic switch to erase a life-
time of exposure to damaging stereotypes
that link the concepts of blackness and
violence, or beauty and honesty.
Rather than telling people to ignore
what they see, psychologists and legal
scholars have begun to consider a number
of promising interventions. Some incre-
mentalists have pushed for educating
judges, police officers, and prosecutors
on their implicit biases. Others have
suggested better constraining the discre-
tion of our legal actors. Perhaps most
encouraging have been efforts to make the
metaphorical “blindfold” into a real one.
Other fields have shown what’s possi-
ble. For a long time, orchestras were domi-
nated by men. That changed when major
philharmonics started auditioning musi-
cians behind screens. Once this practice
was put in place, the proportion of women
among new hires doubled quickly.30 In
an attempt to address diversity problems
in business, the Silicon Valley software
company GapJumpers began screening
job applicants so that employers could
see only the individual data that was
relevant to the position. According to the
17. company, replacing traditional résumé
review has boosted the propor-
tion of people of color, women, non-
Ivy League students, and those with
disabilities landing a first-round
interview from roughly 20 percent to
more than 60 percent.31 More broadly,
one of the reasons that medicine has
made such leaps in safety and effectiveness
in recent decades is that it is now settled
practice that neither the administrators nor
the participants know the critical aspects
of the research study. You can’t be biased
when you have no opportunity to be.
Applying these insights to the realm
of criminal justice, a number of urgent
reforms jump out. Prosecutors should not
be told the race of the defendant when
they are deciding the terms to offer in a
plea bargain, because implicit processes
lead to less favorable treatment of African
Americans. Crime-lab analysts should be
blind to all details about a case when they
are assessing a forensic sample, because
studies show that knowing a fingerprint
was provided by someone who has already
confessed or was picked out of a lineup
significantly increases their likelihood
of finding a match to the perpetrator.32
And we certainly should not instruct
jurors — as judges often do — that in
assessing witness credibility they should
focus on demeanor.
All of this should be standard practice
18. across the United States. But what if we
were bolder and tried to blind the whole
process of adjudication?
TRULY BLIND JUSTICE
Consider a future trial that takes place
entirely virtually. Jurors watch proceed-
ings remotely, with each participant
represented by a neutral avatar designed
to remove variations in attractiveness,
body shape, skin color, mannerisms, and
voice inflection. The guiding principle is
simple: If a factor like race isn’t relevant
to determining guilt, jurors shouldn’t
know the defendant’s race. The goal is to
remove the typical shortcuts that allow
jurors to jump to conclusions and provide
decision-makers with only the informa-
tion that is diagnostic to the task at hand.
The benefits of the “blinding” tech-
nology would extend to everyone in the
courtroom. Today, an attorney can easily
strike a juror based on race or gender as
long as he comes up with a nondiscrim-
inatory explanation for the exclusion.33
(“She looked bored chewing her gum.”)
But when a prosecutor doesn’t know
whether a juror is black or white, male or
female, he can’t discriminate.
With proceedings moving to the
virtual arena, it becomes possible to
record and screen everything before it
comes before the jury. And this could help
19. us address another type of bias. Currently,
when presented evidence is subsequently
deemed inadmissible, jurors are told to
forget what they just saw or heard. But
in experiments, mock jurors can’t do
that — and neither can many sitting
judges. In one seminal study of a civil
suit, three times the number of jurors
found the defendant liable when exposed
to evidence that they were later told to
disregard as when they were not exposed
to the evidence at all.34
In the criminal context, once you’ve
learned that the defendant was previously
accused of an assault, you can’t help but
The guiding principle is simple:
If a factor like race isn’t relevant to determining
guilt, jurors shouldn’t know the defendant’s race.
JUDICATURE 29
have that bit of information affect your
current determination of whether he’s
guilty of a completely unrelated murder.
With prerecording, the jury never learns
of the impermissible material. Advance
screening also allows us to cut out the dead
time. Culling bench colloquies, overruled
motions, swearing-in witnesses, adminis-
trative delays, and the like, we can greatly
streamline trials, potentially reducing
juror fatigue and improving attention.
20. To create a truly immersive experi-
ence, all courtroom participants could
use virtual-reality headsets, which would
provide everyone with the sense of being
together in a real courtroom without
anyone needing to leave her house or
office to participate. This would not only
make trials safer — reducing the possi-
bility of violence — but also address the
psychological strain entailed in providing
in-court testimony or sitting on a jury. A
rape victim would no longer have to be
in the same room as her attacker. Plus,
parties would no longer be burdened with
paying travel expenses for experts and
other witnesses, and courts would reap
serious cost and scheduling benefits from
reduced physical space requirements.
Just as important, remote access could
radically increase the diversity of our
juries and help achieve our goal of broad
public engagement. Our current approach
means that many Americans never serve
as jurors because their lives don’t allow for
it. What if one day, a person could choose
when to participate, fitting her service
into her existing schedule of work, child
care, and other responsibilities? With a
much larger percentage of the populace
in the mix, we might be able to greatly
increase the number of jurors participat-
ing in each case to address the problem of
outlier juries and ensure a truly represen-
tative cross-section of the population that
21. reflected the particular demographics of
the community.
That would require reimagining jury
deliberations (perhaps drawing upon
successful models of online collaboration in
other fields). But the ultimate result could
be vastly improved accuracy and consis-
tency. Every defendant would face a true
jury of his peers. Every defendant would
be tried in the exact same room by people
who looked, sounded, and acted the same
as in every other trial. And we’d be in a
far better position to discover and address
currently unknown biases — or ones intro-
duced by the new format itself — because
researchers could conduct experiments
using the same virtual template and equip-
ment used in real trials.
All of this might seem like science
fiction, but is it? The basic technology
for a virtual trial already exists. The first
virtual-reality headset available to the
public, the Oculus Rift, went on sale
in 2016, and industry experts predict
a rapid rise in applications and offer-
ings in the coming decade. With recent
advances, being physically present is
no longer required in many high-stakes
interactions. A surgeon can conduct a
hernia operation on a patient hundreds of
miles away. A soldier can target a pickup
truck speeding across the Afghan desert
while seated on another continent. And
22. scientists and engineers around the world
regularly cooperate on complex projects
without ever meeting in person.
Our legal system is naturally more
reluctant to embrace change, but much
of the precedent for the virtual trial
has already been established. We allow
translators when a witness doesn’t speak
English. We cover up a defendant’s swas-
tika tattoo to avoid prejudice at trial. We
permit digital re-creations of events to
be played for jurors. In certain circum-
stances, we even allow people to testify
through video-conferencing technol-
ogy, as with child sex-abuse victims and
witnesses who are too ill to travel.
That said, the virtual trial does raise
certain questions. Does prerecording
proceedings violate hearsay rules? When
a defendant views an avatar rather than a
real human, does that infringe his Sixth
Amendment right “to be confronted with
the witnesses against him”? Vigorous
confrontation, of course, is still preserved
in the form of cross-examination. What’s
missing is the ability of everyone to
observe the witness’s actual demeanor. In
light of the scientific evidence, that seems
like a dubious foundation, particularly as
the Sixth Amendment also ensures the
right to an impartial jury. Leaving the
system as it is means accepting pervasive
violation of that arguably more funda-
23. mental clause.
Still, the prospect of virtual trials
may make many uneasy, even if the legal
hurdles can be overcome. Might we be
losing something essential in moving to
avatars? We’ve always had the ability to
do trials with sworn affidavits — written
testimony — but we’ve chosen to bring
people together in a room to hash things
out. Our approach rests upon incorrect
myths about the value of such in-person
interactions, but reducing the human
element at trial may be hard for most
people to accept. We have long believed
in the common sense of the layman juror
and the gut instincts of the judge, and we
have fought hard to unfetter them. But
the confidence in our human faculties has
led us astray, and it’s worth considering
whether we might go one step further and
get rid of the human element altogether.
TRIAL BY ALGORITHM
Once we have the technological capac-
ity, why not replace trials entirely? All of
the testimony and evidence could simply
be entered into a program that would
analyze the accuracy and importance of
each element and apply the relevant law.
In the future, computers will be able to
administer eyewitness identifications,
assess forensic evidence, and consider
the plausibility of alibis all without any
human direction. Everythi ng could be
assigned precisely the weight warranted
24. by existing scientific research.
Such a program could be specifically
designed to avoid known human biases
and to focus on what we actually think
matters, disregarding the cues we’ve
deemed irrelevant but can’t seem to
ignore. Every judge knows that jurors
struggle to remember facts, understand
expert testimony, and follow jury instruc-
tions. Indeed, in studies, jurors regularly
pass over legal definitions with respect to
things like rape and insanity in favor of
their own lay definitions.35 A computer, 4
30 VOL. 101 NO. 2
though, is capable of perfect recall of facts
and law. Its understanding of a term like
“mistaken belief in consent” can incorpo-
rate every case and law review article ever
written on the subject.
That said, a computer can take into
account whatever we’d like it to consider.
Interesting new research suggests that
people are reluctant to hand over moral
decision-making to artificial intelligence
because many of us don’t trust people —
or computers — who use cold-cost bene-
fit analysis to make ethical decisions.36
Getting things right isn’t all that matters
to us — we want decisions that reflect
human emotions and seeming irrational-
25. ities. But these dynamics can be built into
our legal algorithms just like anything
else. If we want to acknowledge the diver-
sity of viewpoints on a factual matter —
that discrete subgroups of citizens can
see things differently — we can program
that in. Likewise, if we want murderers of
pedophiles to get lighter sentences than
the law implies or we want to allow for
occasional nullification, we can direct the
computer to that end. But to do so, we
must take explicit action, acknowledging
our departure from established principles
and norms, and specifying exactly when
departures are acceptable (e.g., nullifi-
cation in instances like Peter Zenger’s
seditious libel case against the Crown,
but not for the murderers of civil rights
leader Medgar Evers).37 The result would
be a far more transparent system. A person
would know exactly what caused him to
be convicted, and so would the rest of us.
With every individual’s case stored in
a computer, we could constantly update
the files. Whenever a new scientific break-
through upended an established prac-
tice, leading to it being discredited, the
computer would reweigh the evidence
against every affected individual. Those
who were no longer deemed guilty beyond
a reasonable doubt would be released. We
could use the same recalibration process
for newly discovered evidence or changes
in the law. Currently, the issue of apply-
ing new developments to old cases is
26. extremely complicated, and that complex-
ity can act to reinforce the status quo — at
the expense of fairness and accuracy. Why
did the Department of Justice choose to
ignore the scathing 2016 report by the
President’s Council of Advisors on Science
and Technology that concluded that many
forensic disciplines — including bite-
mark and shoe-tread analyses — lacked
sufficient support to be scientifically
acceptable?38 In all likelihood it had noth-
ing to do with the merits — the authors
of the report had impeccable credentials
and the findings were widely supported
by the relevant scholarly community. The
problem for Attorney General Loretta
Lynch was that accepting the truth would
throw thousands and thousands of cases
into doubt, burdening an already over-ex-
tended judiciary and correctional system.
With a computer in charge, everything
can be updated automatically.
One of the greatest benefits of replac-
ing conventional trials would be to allow
us to rigorously assess each and every case.
We simply do not have the resources to
do that now, and so we rely on danger-
ous shortcuts, most notably, plea bargains.
With trial by computer, ending plea
bargaining is a realistic possibility because
it requires no public participation and the
process can be completed nearly instanta-
neously, at a fraction of the cost.
27. No change is without risk, and we
should be aware of the threats entailed
in such major innovation. Algorithms
designed by humans can reflect human
biases — a lesson that Google and other
companies have learned the hard way, as
their search tools have been criticized for
reproducing forms of discrimination.39
In the realm of criminal law, we must do
more to eliminate the racial skew present
in certain reoffending risk assessment and
crime forecasting tools.40 But biases in
such rule-based algorithms are far easier
to detect and eradicate than biases in
flesh-and-blood human beings. Likewise,
although fears of hacking are legitimate,
they are not unique to this context. We
rely on computers for almost every other
sensitive area of our lives — from air traf-
fic control to counterterrorism operations.
In the hospital, an algorithm already
processes the electrical activity of your
heart to identify atrial fibrillation.41 And
companies like IBM’s Watson Health are
working to develop the capacity to diag-
nose a range of conditions by analyzing
patients’ medical records with the aid
of algorithms that can instantly search
through all known medical literature.42
Alzheimer’s, broken bones, lung cancer,
concussions — all will be identified by
a computer in the future. Why not guilt
and innocence?
The truth is that a system of justice
28. without human control is likely to be
more just than a system with human
control. And there is reason to think that
our reticence may itself be a bias —what
researchers have dubbed “algorithm aver-
sion.”43 In experiments, even when people
observe that algorithms significantly
outperform humans in predicting the
future — as is generally the case across a
wide range of contexts — they prefer to
put their faith in human forecasters.44 The
reason appears to be that when we see an
algorithm err we judge it far more harshly
than a human making the same mistake,
because we think humans will get better
with practice.45
But, of course, algorithms can be made
to learn — and much more effectively than
humans. Indeed, in the coming decades,
the greatest advances are likely to be made
when we can augment simple rule-based
algorithms with deep-learning-based ones.
That’s already happening in medicine, with
scientists recently training a computer to
diagnose skin cancer by showing it thou-
sands and thousands of lesion images along
with the corresponding classifications.46
The researchers didn’t just provide the
existing rules to sort out malignant from
benign; they let the computer figure out
its own system. When matched up against
real human dermatologists, the algorithm
caught more melanomas and made fewer
false positives.
29. Such innovation is possible in law as
well. Provided with all the factual details
for cases where guilt or innocence had been
established with near-certainty (including
those in the DNA exoneration database),
a computer could learn the telltale signs
of guilt or innocence that currently evade
JUDICATURE 31
us. It could develop its own classification
tools, and whenever it made a mistake it
could immediately update its approach.
A PUBLIC-HEALTH MODEL
Of course, no matter how bold we are,
redesigning our trial process doesn’t really
get at the root of the problem in our crim-
inal justice system. To do that, you’ve got
to work to reduce crime itself. The reason
we’ve come up short, despite investing a
staggering amount of resources, is that
we’ve been employing a flawed model of
why people commit crimes. We think
offending comes down to corrupt dispo-
sitions — evil hearts — and bad choices.
In recent times, we’ve generally adhered
to the view that criminals are rational
creatures who can be deterred simply
by adding more downside — longer
sentences, worse incarceration conditions,
and the like — into their calculus. Prison
should be a miserable place not only
because it further disincentivizes offend-
30. ing, but also because those who commit
crimes deserve it. Years of solitary confine-
ment, rape, brutalization — this is all
acceptable because the people behind bars
chose a life of crime with open eyes.
Although widely held, this account of
criminality is not supported by the scien-
tific literature. The more insight we gain
into the genetic and environmental influ-
ences on criminal behavior, the harder
it is to justify a world in which bad acts
are assumed to reflect the freely made
choices of evil people and offenders are
treated with scorn. Every year, we learn
more about the role of toxic substances
and nutritional deficiencies in cognitive
dysfunction linked to criminal behavior.
It is not a coincidence that more than
half of those in prison have had a trau-
matic brain injury and nearly a quarter of
the correctional population suffers from
severe mental illness.47 It is not a coinci-
dence that those who are incarcerated are
disproportionately uneducated, poor, and
survivors of childhood abuse and neglect.
Based on the latest research, incremen-
talists have advanced a number of promis-
ing initiatives to reduce crime rates. Some
have lobbied for abolishing mandatory
minimums, repealing three-strikes laws,
and reducing prison assaults by increasing
monitoring. Since having a job correlates
with a decrease in recidivism, others have
31. pushed for new job-training programs
for convicts and fought to end “check-
the-box” rules that prevent those with
criminal records from gaining employ-
ment.48 As data shows that increasing
the perception that perpetrators will be
caught is a much more effective deterrent
than increasing the harshness of punish-
ment, advocates also have pushed to shift
resources away from prisons and toward
bolstering police presence.49
Many of these efforts are likely to play
an important role in making our justice
system more just and our cities safer. But,
ultimately, they can feel somewhat arbi-
trary and overly cautious. If the evidence
shows that our experiment with mass
incarceration has been an abject failure,
is reducing sentence lengths by a small
amount going to do much? There’s also
something problematic about constantly
shifting the boundary between who is
legally responsible for their crimes and
who is not. While we already acknowledge
that some harmful acts are not the product
of free will — a man whose sudden seizure
causes him to drop his baby cannot be said
to have chosen to assault his child — the
lines we draw between compelled behavior
and intentional conduct are a convenient
fiction. They simply reflect the divide
between the unmistakable, documented
influences on human actions and the deter-
minants that remain hidden. The fact that
it is very difficult to figure out the partic-
32. ular nexus of factors that led a person to
pull that trigger, kick in that door, or write
that bad check does not mean that he freely
chose to commit a crime.
Why not follow the evidence to its
logical conclusion and reconceive efforts
to reduce crime in terms of public health?
What if we quit wasting time trying
to sort out who deserves blame and got
out of the payback business? What if we
focused instead on remedying the harm,
rehabilitating the criminal, discouraging
others from taking similar actions, and
treating the conditions that precipitated
the crime in the first place?
This may sound revolutionary, but it’s
really not so different from how we handle
outbreaks of disease. When a dangerous
virus overwhelms a town, causation is
relevant, but blame isn’t. We don’t treat
someone who has contracted Ebola or
dengue fever as sinful. We get to work
restoring the person’s health, preventing
new cases, and trying to eliminate root
causes. When an individual poses a partic-
ular threat to the public, we quarantine
him until he’s no longer a danger, but
we don’t subject him to poor treatment
and contempt on the grounds that he is a
wicked person who deserves it.
Other countries are already showing
us the path forward. The penal systems of
33. Germany and the Netherlands are orga-
nized around resocialization and rehabil-
itation. Prisoners are treated with dignity
and have their rights to vote, work, and
receive benefits restored when they are
released — things they need to become
productive citizens.
In Norway’s Halden prison, inmates
— including rapists and murderers — are
locked in their cells only in the evening
and spend their days working, studying,
cooking, exercising, or playing music.50
Rather than being denied positive human
contact as punishment, they are encour-
It is not a coincidence that more than half of those in
prison have had a traumatic
brain injury and nearly a quarter of the correctional
population suffers
from severe mental illness.
4
32 VOL. 101 NO. 2
aged to maintain their family connections.
And the staff members at Halden act as
mentors, not enforcers, helping prisoners
to overcome their problems and prepare to
reintegrate back into society. The logic is
simple: Place people in monstrous condi-
tions, and you’ll create monsters.
34. In the United States, we can catch a
glimpse of the public-health model at
work in the form of problem-solving
courts, which have been around since
the 1990s and have shown real prom-
ise in terms of reduced recidivism and
cost.51 These courts explicitly reject harsh
punishment in favor of focused treatment
for underlying problems like mental
illness and drug abuse. The key stake-
holders — prosecutors, defenders, judges,
and offenders — are not cast as adversar-
ies, but as partners, working together to
develop a path forward.
That stands in stark contrast to our
current approach, which is dominated
by powerful group divisions: criminals
versus police officers, prosecutors versus
defenders, prisoners versus guards. We
assume that such bipolarities ensure
balance and accuracy — that the truth
naturally emerges from the meritorious
battle of clashing positions. But the avail-
able evidence casts significant doubt on
that proposition and suggests that these
group divisions can produce dangerous
dynamics that encourage serious miscon-
duct, from Brady violations to prisoner
abuse. Detectives end up focused on gain-
ing confessions, rather than on gathering
reliable information. Prosecutors end up
focused on nailing down guilty pleas,
and defenders end up focused on getting
clients off, rather than ensuring accuracy
35. and fairness. With a public-health mind-
set, we are freed to replace our adversar-
ial approaches with a system dedicated to
the common goals of truth, equality, and
justice. Partisan experts and trial consul-
tants have no place in such a landscape.
Their valuable knowledge ought to be
used for the common good.
Abandoning conflict and blame as
organizing principles allows us to focus
on the needs of those harmed by crimes,
who have long been shunted to the side of
the criminal-justice process and treated as
mere props in the effort to gain a convic-
tion. Helping victims to heal should
be a central aim of our system. In some
cases, that may mean facilitating apol-
ogies and aiding victims in forgiving
those who have committed crimes against
them. Recent research suggests that such
actions can be far more effective at repair-
ing the harm than retributive punishment
of the offender.52 In fact, granting forgive-
ness may provide a victim with a height-
ened sense of justice, as well as improved
psychological well-being. In other cases,
catering to a victim’s needs may mean
figuring out how the perpetrator can
provide restitution. Even if offenders are
not treated as blameworthy, they ought to
mitigate the impact of what they’ve done.
Most importantly, a public-health
model of crime allows us to shift resources
from punishment to prevention. A reac-
36. tive criminal-justice system, like the one
we have now, is doomed to always come
up short. There is no execution that can
compensate for a victim’s murder. There
is no appeal process that can restore the
years lost to a wrongful conviction.
In the future, our major tools for
fighting crime will not be police officers,
trials, and incarceration, but better prena-
tal intervention, improved schools, and
widely available mental-health care. We’ll
screen children for risk factors — just as
we already do for learning disabilities,
head lice, and hearing — and address
them before criminal behavior ever mani-
fests itself. That will make for duller
episodes of Law & Order, but it will leave
us far safer and more just.
The biggest obstacle in our way is the
granite slab of history — an imposing
gray façade with the etched words, “We’ve
always done it this way, so how could it be
wrong?” The words have warned off many
would-be reformers, but the evidence from
psychology and neuroscience can steady
our hand this time around. Let’s get out
our chisels and hammers. A fair system is
reachable — we just need the courage to
raise our tools and not fear that we might
endanger our core institutions as we begin
to chip away at the rock of injustice.
ADAM
37. BENFORADO is
a law professor at
the Drexel Kline
School of Law. This
essay draws upon
material in his
book Unfair: The
New Science of Criminal Injustice and
articles published previously in The
Washington Post and The Chronicle of
Higher Education.
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