The document discusses various features of PHP including initializing and accessing arrays, classes, database connectivity, image generation/manipulation, mailing functions, LDAP and XML support. It provides examples of initializing arrays using indexing or associative arrays. It also describes how to access array elements using list, each, current, key and next functions as well as array_walk. Classes in PHP define templates for objects with properties and methods. PHP supports connecting to databases like Oracle and provides functions for sending/receiving emails using SMTP/IMAP as well as working with images using the GD library.

1. Introduction to PHP
Initializing Arrays
• No of ways to initialize the array.
– For e.g.
• $ncststaff[] = “amrish”;
$ncststaff[] = “murali”;
$ncststaff[] = “narayan”;
• $ncststaff[123] = “amrish”;
$ncststaff[122] = “murali”;
$ncststaff[121] = “narayan”;
• $ncststaff = array (“amrish”, “murali”, “narayan”);
– to change the indices of the array use => operator.
A. Chaubal 1

2. Introduction to PHP
Accessing the Array Elements
• The elements in the array can be accessed by
using the list and each constructs
– for e.g
while(list($key,$value) = each(countries))
echo(“$value<BR>n”);
– current(<arrayname>) gives the current value
being accessed. key(<arrayname>) gives the index
of the current element that is being accessed.
– prev(<arrayname>) gives the previous element.
– next(<arrayname>) gives the next element.
A. Chaubal 2

3. Introduction to PHP
Accessing the Array Elements (cont.)
– Array_walk(<arrayname>,<function_name>)
• function_name is the function that is written for every
member of an array.
• For e.g
$ncststaff = array (“amrish”, “murali”, “narayan”);
array_walk ($ncststaff, printstaff);
// function to print each element of the array
function printstaff($names) {
echo “<B>$names</B><BR>n”;
}
A. Chaubal 3

4. Introduction to PHP
Arrays (cont.)
• $ncststaff = array (“dake” => array(“amrish”, “lakshana”, “venkat”),
“spc” => array(“narayan”, “murali”,“prasad”));
– creates a two dimensional array.
• Sorting Functions
– sort() : sorts the elements in the numeric and
alphabetical order.
– rsort() : sorts the elements in the reverse order.
– asort() : sorts the elements in the array without
changing the indices.
– ksort() : sorts the arrays by key.
A. Chaubal 4

5. Introduction to PHP
Classes
• Class is a template of an object and includes
the properties and methods that describe an
object and behavior.
• Class in PHP is defined using class statement.
A. Chaubal 5

6. Introduction to PHP Classes (cont.)
• For e.g
<?
class company {
// define the properties
var $companyname;
// define the methods
function company($cname) {
$this->companyname = $cname;
}
function getnames($idcode) {
//return the name of the employee for the required idcode
}
}
?>
A. Chaubal 6

7. Introduction to PHP
PHP Richness
• PHP comes with myriad of options i.e.
supports several APIs and interfaces to other
programming tools such as
– Database connectivity.
– LDAP
– XML
– Mail protocols such as IMAP, SMTP
– Image functions
etc….
A. Chaubal 7

8. Introduction to PHP
Support for Regular Expressions
• Not pretty things to look at and work with.
– E.g. ^.+@.+..+$
• PHP takes over the headache from the
programmers for explicitly coding for pattern
matching.
• Functions:
– ereg() and eregi()
– ereg_replace() & eregi_replace()
– split()
A. Chaubal 8

9. Introduction to PHP
Image Generation & Manipulation
• PHP offers powerful set of functions for
generating and manipulating the images.
– Rendering regular geometric figures, modifying
images
– manipulate text, font and color and even the pixels
in the image.
• ….creating the images on the fly.
A. Chaubal 9

10. Introduction to PHP
Image Generation & Manipulation
(cont.)
• PHP uses the GD library for the most of the image
functionality that it offers.
• GD library is used for generating the two-dimensional
graphics.
• PHP API’s provides us with functions to:
– Create, delete, resize and modify images.
– Draw basic geometric figures
– Manipulate text and fonts
– Manipulate colors
– Interlace and manipulate pixels
– Handle PostScript files
A. Chaubal 10

11. Introduction to PHP
Mailing functions
• Sending E-Mails
– Mail()
• Used to send simple text messages.
• Depends on the local mail delivery system.
– Using SMTP
• Accepts the e-mail for every recipient and goes through trouble
of delivering the e-mails.
• Receiving E-Mails
– PHP works out well with the IMAP protocol.
– Rich set of support functions
• Imap_open, impa_delete, imap_close, imap_mail_copy,
imap_mail_move etc.
A. Chaubal 11

12. Introduction to PHP
PHP-Database Connectivity
• Supports APIs for accessing large number of
databases.
• ODBC is a standard API for accessing a
database that has PHP support.
A. Chaubal 12

13. Introduction to PHP
PHP-Database Connectivity
• Some of Oracle 8.x functions.
– OCILogon
– OCILogoff
– OCIParse
– OCIFetch; OCIFetchInto; OCIFetchStatement
– OCIExecute
– OCIFreeStatement
A. Chaubal 13

14. Introduction to PHP
LDAP Support in PHP
• PHP provides LDAP API’s that allows the
programmers to create LDAP clients; by
providing transparent access to backend LDAP
directory servers.
– For e.g.
• Web based e-mail client.
• Telephone Directory.
A. Chaubal 14

15. Introduction to PHP
XML Support in PHP
• PHP supports a set of functions that can be
used for writing PHP-based XML applications.
• These functions are used for parsing well
formed XML document.
A. Chaubal 15

16. Introduction to PHP
References
• Professional PHP programming
– By Jesus Castagnetto, Chris Schollo et al
• www.phpbuilder.com
• www.php.net
A. Chaubal 16

17. Introduction to PHP
THANK YOU
A. Chaubal 17