"Cognition is the mechanisms by which sentient systems acquire, process, store, and act on information from within the system and from the environment with which they interact." Cognition is the ability to process information, apply knowledge, and change the circumstance. Cognition is associated with intent and its accomplishment through various processes that monitor and control a system and its environment. Cognition is associated with a sense of “self” (the observer) and the systems with which it interacts (the environment or the “observed”). Cognition distinguishes sentient from non-sentient systems.
Cognition requires more than mere book-keeping provided by the Turing machines and certain aspects of cognition such as self-identity, self-description, self-monitoring and self-management can be implemented using parallel extensions to current serial von-Neumann stored program control (SPC) Turing machine implementations. Cognition goes beyond current AI/ML/DL. Can we build true cognitive systems that become sentient (requiring no-reboot)?
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Infusing cognition into computing v5
1. What is Cognition and How Does it Impact
Current Information Technologies
https://www.se4cog2018.com/
2. What is Cognition?
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
cog·ni·tion ˌ(kɒɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/noun: "The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and
understanding through thought, experience, and the senses."
Synonyms: perception, discernment, apprehension, learning, understanding, comprehension,
insight; more reasoning, thinking, thought (https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cognition )
However, today we also talk about embodied, embedded, enacted and extended cognition going
beyond mental processes (http://www.ummoss.org/pcs/eeee.html ) and
“A perception, sensation, idea, or intuition resulting from the process of cognition.“
This reflects current state of confusion about the concept of cognition. Calling it "mental action"
does not make it a definition because we have no idea what "mental is" and even less what
"mental action" might be
3. Why Sudden Interest in Cognition?
Cognition has become the word on which IT is making a big
bet and big businesses, Venture Capitalists and IT pundits
are pronouncing the future is here with cognitive business
systems. One only has to look at these headlines to see the
euphoria, let alone the investment hype and the marketing
promise associated with the word.
Artificial Intelligence Investing Gets Ready For Prime Time
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
4. Hype, Hope or Real?
“Ginni Rometty: Forget digital—cognitive business is the future”
(Cognition = Digital +AI)
“In a rousing keynote, Microsoft's CEO introduces the Microsoft Bot Framework
and several new Cognitive Services”
(Cognition = AI +Automation)
“The era of cognitive mobile and IoT is upon us”
“The Hype—and Hope—of Artificial Intelligence”
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
5. Cognition and Intelligence
In all cases above, a closer look of the word cognition in this context
immediately reveals that the word is used to describe a very narrow application
to describe a neural network model that uses a set of algorithms to process
large sets of data to discern the underlying patterns and correlations that cannot
be easily obtained with conventional computing using symbolic computing..
What is the relationship between “cognition” and “Intelligence?”
The dictionaries give you a circular definition
Study of the evolution of natural intelligence, on the other hand, suggests that
cognition is the essence of sentient beings.
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
Current AI - there is nothing sentient about it!
6. Cognition is….
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
……………….. The mechanisms by which sentient systems
acquire, process, store, and act on information from within the
system and from the environment with which they interact.
As Sara Shettlewerth points out, not all agree with such an
inclusive definition. Cognitive often is associated with
“declarative” rather than “procedural” knowledge. “Declarative
knowledge is “knowing that” whereas procedural knowledge is
“knowing how, or knowing what to do*.
* Sara J. Shettlewerth “Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior” Oxford University Press, 2010
7. Minimal Cognition
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
• The field of Cognitive Robotics is exploring the idea of “minimal cognition” in
a similar way as Shettlewerth explores animal cognition as different cognitive
architectures, and different levels or degrees of cognition – embodied,
embedded, enacted or extended
• Those who only see cognition in humans loose the possibility of application
in computing machinery that is not at human level but sentient.
• More importantly, sentient systems and cognition are tightly coupled and
without infusing cognition sentient systems can not be designed
8. First Order and Second Order Processes
“The declarative knowledge a chipmunk might gain from moving about its
territory could be map like: “Home burrow is south of that big rock.” Or the
chipmunk might store information as procedural knowledge such as “Turn
left at the rock.”
The first kind of representation implies more flexible behaviour than the
second, but in both cases behaviour results from processing and storing
information about the world.
A related distinction is that between first-order and higher order processes,
only the latter of which may be regarded as interestingly cognitive.
First-order processes operate directly on perceptual input, as when a
stimulus triggers a response or creates a trace in memory.
Second-order processes operate on first order processes, as in evaluating
the strength of one’s memory for an event”
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
* Sara J. Shettelwerth “Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior” Oxford University Press, 2010
9. Cognition in Computing
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
* Turing, A. M. (2004). In B. J. Copeland (Ed.), The Essential Turing. Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press.
11. Cognition in Computing
Second Order (Cognitive) Processes:
1. Cognitive Control Overlay: A managed Turing Machine
implementation* that assures there are enough resources to
execute functional requirements in the face of fluctuations in
both demand for resources and their availability. (Implements
non-functional requirement execution without disturbing the
functional requirement execution (Sentient Systems)
*See a successful implementation of this model at
https://youtu.be/tu7EpD_bbyk
* R. Mikkilineni, Infusing Intent and Its Management into Turing Machine: A Path to Cognitive Distributed
Computing” Advances in Research, ISSN: 2348-0394,Vol.: 2, Issue.: 4 (April) 2014.
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
12. Cognition in Computing
Second Order Processes
2. Neural network modeling of data analytics:
Discerning hidden correlations to gain insights –
Current State of the Art of AI/ML/DL
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
16. Further Reading
https://magazine.cioreview.com/magazines/September2017/
Application_Management/#page=10
“Pioneering an era of “Self-Managing” Applications
http://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/1/3/213
“Lessons from Biology: Genes, Neurons, Neocortex and the New
Computing Model for Cognitive Information Technologies†”
http://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/1/3/186
“Cognitive Computing Architectures for Machine (Deep)
Learning at Scale† “
http://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/1/3/188
“Self-Managing Distributed Systems and Globally Interoperable
Network of Clouds†”
SE4COG 2018 The 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Cognitive Services 28 – 29 May 2018, ICSE, Gothenburg, Sweden
