The document discusses the relationship between tourism development and local resilience, emphasizing the roles of self-organization and community empowerment in recovering from natural hazards. It poses key questions about how state regulation and local identity influence resilience in tourist destinations, with case studies including Christiania, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, and Port Fairy. The research aims to analyze these dynamics through a mixed-methods approach, incorporating interviews, observations, and grounded theory analysis.

1. InfUr Symposium | 3rd December 2018
Tourism Development and Local
Resilience: Self-Organisation and
Community Empowerment
Perspectives
Dr Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes
Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Resilience and Urban Planning

2. University of Melbourne
ECR Grants Scheme 2019
Co-funded by the Faculty of
Architecture, Building and Planning
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

3. The challenge
“The intention is to build resilience here… What is the right
level of government intervention in recovery? Where do you
push hard and where do you go hands off?” (Nous Group,
2017, p. 51)
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

4. Primary Questions #1
How can tourism
development affect social-
ecological resilience to
natural hazards in tourist
destinations presenting
different manifestations of
local self-organisation and
subject to different degrees
of state regulation?
Tourism
Development
State
Regulation
Local Self-
Organisation
Resilience to Natural Hazards
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

5. Primary Questions #2
What are key elements of
tourism development
policy and planning that
should be addressed in
policies and strategies
aiming to build local
community resilience?
Policies
Tourism
Development
Resilience to Natural Hazards
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

6. Secondary Questions # 1
What are the roles of local
empowerment, social
cohesion, attachment to
place and local identity to
the manifestation of local
self-organisation and the
building of resilience to
natural hazards in these
tourist destinations?
Local Self-
Organisation
Adaptive Capacity
Resilience to Natural Hazards
Local
Empowerment
Attachment to
Place
Local Identity
Social Cohesion
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

7. Secondary Questions #2
How does state
regulation affect the
manifestation of local
self-organisation in
these tourist
destinations?
State
Regulation
Local Self-
Organisation
Local
Empowerment
Attachment to
Place
Local Identity
Social Cohesion
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

8. Secondary Questions # 3
How can tourism
development affect
state regulation and
local self organisation
of communities in these
tourist destinations?
Policies
Tourism
Development
State
Regulation
Local Self-
Organisation
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

9. Secondary Questions #4
How do state regulation
and local self-
organisation help shape
specific types of tourism
development in these
tourist destinations?
Tourism
Development
State
Regulation
Local Self-
Organisation
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

10. Project Summary
Policies
Tourism
Development
State
Regulation
Local Self-
Organisation
Adaptive Capacity
Resilience to Natural Hazards
Local
Empowerment
Attachment to
Place
Local Identity
Social Cohesion
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

11. Self-Organisation » Inherently linked with system’s dynamic
» Implies the idea of organisation from within and not from
external control
» Implies the existence of boundaries that help define internal
and external
» Bridges structure and agency
» Shapes community’s capacity to respond to the unexpected
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

12. Research Design » Multiple case study:
– 2 core sites
– 2 reference sites
» Data collection:
– Interviews with key stakeholders
– Sourcing of relevant reference documents and social media data
– Direct observation of social dynamics
» Data Analysis:
– Grounded Theory approach (Charmaz, 2006)
– Mixed-methods research software (NVivo 12)
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

13. Secondary Questions
Christiania, Copenhagen, Denmark
Lord Howe Island, NSW
Port Fairy, VIC
Norfolk Island
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd December 2018
Case Study Sites
Google Earth, 2018

14. Core Case #1
Christiania, Copenhagen, Denmark
» Self-organising and self-proclaimed Freetown
community occupying a former military base in the
district of Christianhavn;
» An island of self-governance and informal
urbanism within Copenhagen – ranked three times
the world most liveable city by Monocle magazine;
» Different Danish government acknowledgement
through Acts of Parliament over the decades since
the 1970s;
» An insightful example of state regulation formally
recognising an informal settlement;
» Prone to suffer from storms, floods, sea-level
rising and cloudbursts.
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

15. Core Case #2
Norfolk Island, Australia
» Isolated small oceanic Australian island;
» History of different degrees of self-government
and Commonwealth control since the 1970s;
» Despite being part of Australia, it once held its
own tax and healthcare systems;
» Recent government reforms are transitioning the
island to greater Commonwealth control;
» Can illuminate questions of local empowerment
and social cohesion to resilience building;
» Tsunamis, cyclones, storms and droughts are
key natural hazards threatening the island.
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018
Google Earth, 2018

16. Reference Case #1
Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia
» Isolated small oceanic NSW island;
» State appointed administrator responding to a state-
local mixed board;
» Stable level of self-organisation over the decades is
an interesting counterpoint to the other cases;
» Unique model of shared governance informing
reflection on the cases of Norfolk Island and Christiania;
» Management of tourism and population growth
provide relevant reference to Port Fairy and Christiania;
» Tsunamis, cyclones, storms, droughts and coral
bleaching are key natural hazards threatening the
island.
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018
Google Earth, 2018

17. Reference Case #2
Port Fairy, VIC, Australia
» Isolated small town on the Great Ocean Road;
» Rich in heritage, festivals and local identity;
» Voted the world’s most liveable community of
towns with a population of under 20,000 in 2012
(Williams, 2015);
» Greater state regulation through applicable
standard Victorian governance and planning
provisions, legislation and regulation.
» Despite differences in scale to Melbourne, can
illuminate issues of protecting liveability amidst
natural hazards, growth and tourism development;
» Sea-level rising, storms, land erosion and
floods are key natural hazards for the settlement.
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018
Google Earth, 2018

18. References » Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory - a
practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: SAGE.
» Google Earth (2019). Google Earth Satellite Projections.
» Nous Group. (2017). Review of the Wye River and
Separation Creek Fire Recovery. Emergency Management
Victoria.
» Williams, S. (2015, 08/02/2015). Port Fairy, Victoria: The
world's most liveable town. Traveller. Retrieved from
http://www.traveller.com.au/port-fairy-victoria-the-worlds-most-
liveable-town-131scp
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd
December 2018

19. For further
information, please
contact:
Dr. Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes
leonardo.moraes@unimelb.edu.au
Tourism Development and Local Resilience: Self-Organisation and Community Empowerment Perspectives | Leonardo Nogueira de Moraes | InfUr Symposium | 3rd December 2018