The CASPAR project addresses digital preservation challenges by implementing a framework based on the OAIS model, focusing on the long-term understandability and access to digital content amidst technological changes. It outlines preservation strategies that ensure the integrity, authenticity, and usability of digital objects while managing hardware, software, and data rights. Key innovations include a service-oriented design and mechanisms for handling digital rights and community-specific knowledge, aiming for a comprehensive preservation solution.

1. An Infrastructure for Preservation Claudio Prandoni Marlis Valentini MetaWare SpA & CASPAR

2. Programme Digital preservation threats and requisites Summary of OAIS model From OAIS to CASPAR CASPAR key components Ex. 1: Preservation step by step Demo: A simple web application Ex. 2: CASPAR answers to preservation threats A preservable architecture Interviews: Two case studies

3. Introduction How can digital data still be used and understood in the future when systems, software, and everyday knowledge continues to change? This is the CASPAR challenge .

4. Preservation Issue 1 Users may be unable to understand or use the data e.g. the semantics, format, processes or algorithms involved How to guarantee digital information may be accessed and understood in the future? How to guarantee retrieval of Archival Information? How to guarantee intelligibility of digital information within heterogeneous Designated Communities?

5. Preservation Issue 2 Non-maintainability of essential hardware, software or support environment may make the information inaccessible How to guarantee preservation actors are informed about change events ? How to guarantee appropriate actions are undertaken to preserve Archival Information against change events?

6. Preservation Issue 3 The chain of evidence may be lost and there may be lack of certainty of provenance or authenticity How to guarantee an adequate integrity and identity for any Archival Information?

7. Preservation Issue 4 Access and use restrictions may make it difficult to reuse data, or alternatively may not be respected in future How to guarantee an adequate security access with the proper rights to any resource and functionality within an Archive?

8. Preservation Issue 5 The current custodian of the data, whether an organisation or project, may cease to exist at some point in the future How to guarantee a proper information package management within and Archive? How to guarantee long-time preservation maintenance of any information package?

9. The CASPAR Project The CASPAR project is mainly based on the OAIS standard ISO:14721:2003 In this perspective, its Architecture is defined for Managing key concepts of the OAIS reference model Supporting main functionality identified in the OAIS functional model Moreover, the CASPAR project aims to define and implement interfaces and functionally independent components

10. OAIS Information Model Content Information Data Object interpreted using interpreted using Information Package Preservation Description Information Needed for long-term preservation Descriptive Information Needed for discovery Primary focus of archival preservation Representation Information Designated Community Knowledge Base

11. OAIS Functional Model Manager Consumer Producer

12. CASPAR Implementation Monitoring OAIS Environment Detect Changes/Impacts in DCKB Mapping out Preservation Strategy Provide Recommendations AIP Storage AIP Maintenance AIP Retrieval Populate Descriptive Info Maintain Descriptive Info Access Descriptive Info Receive SIP Q-check on SIP Generate AIP Extract DescInfo Coordinate updates Query Processing Retrieval Delivery Perform Transformation Security Access Control STORAGE DATA MANAGEMENT INGEST ACCESS

13. CASPAR Implementation STORAGE DATA MANAGEMENT INGEST ACCESS

14. CASPAR key components Creation, maintenance and reuse of OAIS Representation Information Allow search of an object using either a related measurable parameter or a linkage to remote values Construction and unpackaging of OAIS Information Packages Centralised and persistent storage and retrieval of OAIS Representation Information, including PDI OAIS-based Preservation Aware Storage, providing built-in support for bit and logical preservation

15. CASPAR key components Information discovery services Definition and enforcement of access control policies Registration of provenance information on digital works and retrieval of right holding information Maintenance and verification of authenticity in terms of identity and integrity of the digital objects Reception of notifications from Publishers for a specific “topic” and sending of alerts to Subscribers Definition of Designated Communities, identification of missing Representation Information

16. The CASPAR Workflow

17. Preservation step by step 1) The digital content object has to be “prepared” and “packed” in a proper way to be “ingested” in the digital archive system that will manage and maintain it for a long time. 2) The digital content object has to be “retrieved” within the digital archive, through its descriptive information, and “checked” for any restricting access right policy. 3) The digital content object within the digital archive needs to be maintained in order to be accessed, used and understood for whatever changes during its long-term lifecycle.

18. Ingestion steps

19. Ingestion Phase Information Packaging Components Ingest Content Information Create Information Package Representation Info Descriptive Info Preservation Description Info Check Information Package Store Information Package for long term OAIS Ingest Data Management Archival Storage Preservation Planning Administration Access

20. Access steps

21. Access Phase Information Access Components Search Content Information Obtain Information Packages and relative Contents and Descriptions Check Content Access Permissions OAIS Ingest Data Management Archival Storage Preservation Planning Administration Access

22. Preservation steps

23. Preservation Phase Communication Components Notify and Alert for Change Event impacting long term preservation Trigger Preservation Process OAIS Ingest Data Management Archival Storage Preservation Planning Administration Access

24. CASPAR innovations CASPAR aims at preserving not only the bits of digital objects but also the information and knowledge that is encoded in digital objects CASPAR aims at preserving digital rights on contents and at identifying mechanisms to ensure maintenance and verification of the authenticity of digital objects along the whole preservation process

25. Phaistos disk (1700 BC) We still cannot understand it (the meaning has not been preserved ) We can only understand it’s a “sequence of symbols”…

26. Rosetta Stone (196 BC) … just a “ sequence of symbols”… but… Ancient Heroglyphic Egyptian Demotic Egyptian Greek

27. Additional components Designated Community & Knowledge Management Deal with Designated Community Profile and its own Knowledge Base Identify and Provide Knowledge Gap for understanding a Content Information Provenance Management Deal with Digital Rights Guarantee Authenticity

28. Web Application

29. CASPAR answers So… Is CASPAR solution able to provide an answer to the digital preservation issues identified at the beginning?

30. Preservation Issue 1 Users may be unable to understand or use the data e.g. the semantics, format, processes or algorithms involved You need the ability to create and maintain adequate Representation Information

31. Preservation Issue 1 To guarantee a digital information may be accessed and understood in the future, you need an adequate OAIS Representation Information To guarantee retrieval of Archival Information, you need an OAIS Finding Aids To guarantee intelligibility of digital information within heterogeneous Designated Communities, you need to manage DC Profiles and their Knowledge Base

32. Preservation Issue 2 Non-maintainability of essential hardware, software or support environment may make the information inaccessible You need the ability to share information about the availability of hardware and software and their replacements/substitutes

33. Preservation Issue 2 To guarantee preservation actors are informed about change events , you need an adequate management of message exchange To guarantee appropriate actions are undertaken to preserve Archival Information against change events, you need to identify the information to be added/modified

34. Preservation Issue 3 The chain of evidence may be lost and there may be lack of certainty of provenance or authenticity You need the ability to bring together evidence from diverse sources about the Authenticity of a digital object

35. Preservation Issue 3 To guarantee an adequate integrity and identity for any Archival Information, you need an Authenticity Tool

36. Preservation Issue 4 Access and use restrictions may make it difficult to reuse data, or alternatively may not be respected in future You need the ability to deal with Digital Rights correctly in a changing and evolving environment

37. Preservation Issue 4 To guarantee an adequate security access with the proper rights to any resource and functionality within an OAIS Archive, you need a Security and DRM Management

38. Preservation Issue 5 The current custodian of the data, whether an organisation or project, may cease to exist at some point in the future You need brokering of organisations to hold data and the ability to package together the information needed to transfer information between organisations ready for long term preservation

39. Preservation Issue 5 To guarantee a proper information package management within and OAIS Archive, you need to create an adequate OAIS Information Package To guarantee long-time preservation maintenance of any information package, you need an implementation of OAIS Archival Storage

40. Conclusion Platform Operating System: Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac Java Platform DBMS: H2, Postgres Framework Development Framework: JAX-WS, GWT, Ant Application Server: Tomcat, Glassfish, WASCE KeyComponents GapManager Orchestration DataAccess&Security RepInfoToolbox Registry Packaging DataStores Virtualisation CASPAR Service Factory Authenticity SemanticWeb DigitalRights FindingAids Development Management: Hudson and JTrac The CASPAR Foundation

41. Preservable Equation Self-Contained + Well Described + Adaptable + Replaceable = Preservable Pure Service-oriented design guarantees that the component can provide functionality without requiring cooperation of other components Component analysis, design and development process is strongly based on complete – shared – open documentation at any level No Dependencies Loosely coupled Distributed Sharing know-how Open Specification Open Source Open Documentation Design choices and implementation allows to adapt and configure each component to provide always at least a minimal set of functionality independently from the deployment framework and condition Flexibility Scalability Design choices and implementation allows to replace any component in the framework with compliant one. Interoperability Mantainability

42. The Developer Community http://developers.casparpreserves.eu:8080 Shared and cooperative development community based on CASPAR Best Practices Development Management based on a detailed D1302 Overall Master Plan Refinement Specifications Development Control based on a Continuous Integration Engine Hudson + JTrac Specification, Software and Documentation available for developers & practitioners

43. CASPAR Preservation Nodes

44. Use cases Artistic Testbed – IRCAM Scientific Testbed – ESA

45. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http:// creativecommons . org / licenses /by- nc - sa /3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.