This critical review was the result of reviewing 300+ articles and selecting the most rigorous studies to conduct review of Infant Massage for the Preliminary requirements into Doctoral Candidacy. This results in 33 articles, representing 13 countries, in a variety of settings.
Francesca Martinelli MedicReS World Congress 2013MedicReS
The document discusses the history and activities of the Quality of Life Department (QLD) within the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). It details how QLD was established in 1993 to centralize and professionalize quality of life assessments in EORTC clinical trials. Over the years, QLD has developed standardized quality of life questionnaires, trained collaborators, monitored compliance, and disseminated findings to improve cancer patients' quality of life. A key trial showed that adding temozolomide chemotherapy to radiation therapy improved survival and did not negatively impact quality of life for glioblastoma patients.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of an after-school programming called Get Out Get Active! on body mass index (BMI), body composition, and activity levels of students from kindergarten to 5th grade. The study found no significant changes in BMI or body composition but saw significant increases in daily steps for younger grades. It concluded that one day a week of after-school activity may not be enough to significantly impact childhood obesity rates and more parental involvement could help improve programs. Future studies with longer durations are recommended.
Weight Control And Healthy Eating for Women in SingaporeAzmiSuhaimi
This document summarizes a research study on weight control and healthy eating among female undergraduates in the National University of Singapore. The study found that over 67% of female undergraduates were controlling their weight, primarily through exercise and dietary changes. While intention to control weight was positively correlated with attitude, subjective norms, and self-efficacy, subjective norms had the strongest relationship. There was a positive correlation between intention and attitude towards healthy eating but a negative correlation between intention and frequency of healthy eating practices. The findings provide insight into weight control behaviors and perceptions among female university students.
The study surveyed 198 Greek students aged 15-17 years on their physical activity levels using the stages of change model. The majority (63%) were physically active in stages 4 or 5, with 53% in stage 5 having maintained an active lifestyle for over 6 months. Boys showed higher activity levels than girls at 75% versus 54%. Younger students (1st grade) had higher activity levels than older students (78% versus 50% for 3rd grade). Thus, inactivity seemed more pronounced among girls and older students. The researchers concluded that physical activity programs and services should emphasize girls and older students more prone to inactivity.
This critical review was the result of reviewing 300+ articles and selecting the most rigorous studies to conduct review of Infant Massage for the Preliminary requirements into Doctoral Candidacy. This results in 33 articles, representing 13 countries, in a variety of settings.
Francesca Martinelli MedicReS World Congress 2013MedicReS
The document discusses the history and activities of the Quality of Life Department (QLD) within the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). It details how QLD was established in 1993 to centralize and professionalize quality of life assessments in EORTC clinical trials. Over the years, QLD has developed standardized quality of life questionnaires, trained collaborators, monitored compliance, and disseminated findings to improve cancer patients' quality of life. A key trial showed that adding temozolomide chemotherapy to radiation therapy improved survival and did not negatively impact quality of life for glioblastoma patients.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of an after-school programming called Get Out Get Active! on body mass index (BMI), body composition, and activity levels of students from kindergarten to 5th grade. The study found no significant changes in BMI or body composition but saw significant increases in daily steps for younger grades. It concluded that one day a week of after-school activity may not be enough to significantly impact childhood obesity rates and more parental involvement could help improve programs. Future studies with longer durations are recommended.
Weight Control And Healthy Eating for Women in SingaporeAzmiSuhaimi
This document summarizes a research study on weight control and healthy eating among female undergraduates in the National University of Singapore. The study found that over 67% of female undergraduates were controlling their weight, primarily through exercise and dietary changes. While intention to control weight was positively correlated with attitude, subjective norms, and self-efficacy, subjective norms had the strongest relationship. There was a positive correlation between intention and attitude towards healthy eating but a negative correlation between intention and frequency of healthy eating practices. The findings provide insight into weight control behaviors and perceptions among female university students.
The study surveyed 198 Greek students aged 15-17 years on their physical activity levels using the stages of change model. The majority (63%) were physically active in stages 4 or 5, with 53% in stage 5 having maintained an active lifestyle for over 6 months. Boys showed higher activity levels than girls at 75% versus 54%. Younger students (1st grade) had higher activity levels than older students (78% versus 50% for 3rd grade). Thus, inactivity seemed more pronounced among girls and older students. The researchers concluded that physical activity programs and services should emphasize girls and older students more prone to inactivity.
This study investigated the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among female group fitness instructors, including yoga and Pilates teachers, in Norway. The key findings were:
1) 26.3% of the 685 female instructors reported experiencing UI, with most reporting stress UI that occurred during physical activity or exercise.
2) Yoga and Pilates instructors had a similar prevalence of UI to other fitness instructors, with 25.9% reporting UI.
3) Older instructors and those with longer teaching careers had a significantly higher prevalence of UI, while use of oral contraceptives was protective against UI.
This study examined the relationship between academic performance, as measured by GPA, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity, sleep, work, and study habits in college students. A survey of 253 students found a significant positive relationship between GPA and hours worked per week. There were also strong trends toward higher GPAs being associated with more hours studied per week and greater use of the student recreation center. However, the study found no significant relationship between GPA and the amount of physical activity or exercise reported. The limitations included a small sample size and potential recall bias in self-reported surveys.
Summary of Research Supporting the SCERTS® ModelMedical Net Srl
An interesting document with references on the use and results of the SCERTS model.
The SCERTS model is
based on a developmental framework and has incorporated evidence-based practices from the
recommendations of the National Research Council (NRC, 2001) based on its review of
educational treatments for children with ASD and more current research.
G112 Ito & Shiromaru (2009). Patients’ coping strategies before and after ab...Takehiko Ito
G112 Ito & Shiromaru (2009). Patients’ coping strategies before and after abdominal surgery: A questionnaire survey. The 1st International Nursing Research Conference of World Academy of Nursing Science, Kobe: Program & Abstracts, 235.
Psychosocial aspect of bariatric surgeryAndri Andri
1) This study examined changes in employment impairment and productivity in 164 patients one year after bariatric surgery.
2) It found significant reductions in work impairment and improvements in work productivity, as well as improved quality of life and reduced depression and anxiety symptoms.
3) Pre-surgery depression, anxiety, and quality of life scores were significant predictors of changes in work outcomes after surgery, but a history of psychiatric illness was not a predictor. Patients with greater pre-surgery work impairment and psychopathology experienced the greatest employment improvements.
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
The document describes a study that retrospectively analyzed patient information from 25 individuals diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head/neck who were treated with radiation therapy over 5 weeks. Weight change over this period was calculated and statistically analyzed to examine average weight loss and potential risk factors. While results did not reach statistical significance, average weight loss was 3.12% (2.38 kg) over 5 weeks. Female gender and oral tumor site were identified as potential risk factors for greater weight loss.
Effects of Virtual Reality with Cerebral Palsy Childrenspastudent
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of virtual reality (VR) physiotherapy on balance in children with cerebral palsy. The study hypothesized that VR would have no additional effects beyond conventional physiotherapy in improving balance. The study involved 12 children who received either conventional therapy alone or conventional therapy plus VR games for 6 weeks. Results found no significant differences in balance improvements between the two groups, supporting the hypothesis that VR provided no additional benefits beyond conventional therapy alone for balance in children with cerebral palsy.
1) The study examined relationships between sleep patterns, self-reported academic performance measures, and demographic/lifestyle factors in 50 college students.
2) Results found that lower sleep quality was associated with lower academic performance, with most students reporting less than 8 hours of sleep per night and feeling groggy.
3) Female students had higher GPAs than male students on average, and students were more likely to drop varsity sports as they neared graduation. While some relationships between sleep and academic performance were observed, the hypothesis that less sleep directly causes lower performance was not supported.
This study examined the feasibility of using Fitbit Flex activity trackers in a 7-week walking program for 12 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Participants received weekly step count goals and meetings to discuss physical activity. Most participants increased daily step counts, and reported improvements in performance and satisfaction with activities. While no changes in body composition were found, participants identified the Fitbit, step count increases, and praise as motivators for physical activity. Medication side effects were the primary barrier reported. The study demonstrates that wearable trackers may help track and encourage walking in individuals with SSD.
This study analyzed data from 316 children referred to the W82GO obesity treatment program. Key findings include:
- 55% of participants who completed exercise testing were classified as hypertensive or pre-hypertensive.
- Participants had significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels compared to studies of other obese children, putting them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
- The majority of children presented with severe obesity and impaired cardiovascular health, demonstrating the need for obesity treatment programs to also address reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
This document summarizes a presentation on physiotherapy for non-cancer chronic pain. It discusses that physiotherapy aims to restore and promote optimal physical function and quality of life for those with persistent pain. It provides an overview of evaluation processes in physiotherapy and various treatment modalities. It also summarizes evidence on approaches for common persistent pain conditions like low back pain, whiplash associated disorder, and osteoarthritis. Screening tools for risk of long-term disability are also briefly covered.
Long term benefit of microbiota transfer therapy on autism symptoms and gut m...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Many studies have reported abnormal gut microbiota in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), suggesting a link between gut microbiome and autism-like behaviors.
Modifying the gut microbiome is a potential route to improve gastrointestinal (GI) and behavioral symptoms in children with ASD, and fecal microbiota transplant could transform the
dysbiotic gut microbiome toward a healthy one by delivering a large number of commensal microbes from a healthy donor. We previously performed an open-label trial of Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) that combined antibiotics, a bowel cleanse, a stomach-acid suppressant, and fecal microbiota transplant, and observed significant improvements in GI symptoms, autism-related symptoms, and gut microbiota. Here, we report on a follow-up with the same 18 participants two years after treatment was completed. Notably, most improvements in GI symptoms were maintained, and autism-related symptoms improved even more after the end of treatment. Important changes in gut microbiota at the end of treatment remained at follow-up, including significant increases in bacterial diversity and relative abundances of Bifidobacteria and Prevotella. Our observations demonstrate the longterm safety and efficacy of MTT as a potential therapy to treat children with ASD who have GI problems, and warrant a double-blind, placebo- controlled trial in the future.
This study examined the effects of short-term food deprivation on concentration and perseverance in undergraduate students. Participants were deprived of food for either 0, 12, or 24 hours before completing a concentration task and perseverance puzzle task. Food deprivation had no significant effect on concentration scores. However, those in the 12-hour deprivation group spent significantly less time on the perseverance task than the control and 24-hour groups, suggesting short-term deprivation may impact some cognitive functions but not others. The researchers speculate this may be due to hunger or motivation levels influencing perseverance after 12 hours of deprivation.
The prevalence and correlates of low back pain in adultsYounis I Munshi
This study examined the prevalence and correlates of low back pain in adults in Southern India. A total of 804 adults (401 men and 403 women) aged 20 years and older participated in the study. The key findings were:
1. The overall prevalence of low back pain was 40.7%, with the prevalence being higher in women (52.9%) compared to men (28.4%).
2. Height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and BMI were not associated with low back pain in both men and women.
3. In women, those who had undergone caesarean sections or sterilization were more likely to experience low back pain.
4. Both men and women
This document outlines a proposed intervention to increase physical activity among freshmen at Kansas State University. The intervention includes physical activity classes, laboratory sessions teaching exercises, and providing exercise kits for dorms. An evaluation plan involves initial and final surveys of freshmen to assess changes in physical activity, as well as monthly process surveys to track program participation and feedback. The goal is to increase physical activity knowledge and self-efficacy, leading to higher physical activity levels and potential long-term health benefits for students.
024 treating depression and depression-like behavior with physical activityGiliano Campos
This article reviews studies examining the neuroimmunomodulatory effects of physical activity on the brain in depression and depression-like behaviors. The review finds that physical activity enhances beneficial and reduces detrimental effects on the neuroimmune system. Specifically, physical activity appears to increase anti-inflammatory cytokines and factors while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors. The effects are thought to occur both centrally in the brain and peripherally. Investigation of the neuroimmune effects of physical activity is a rapidly developing area that may help understand the biological mechanisms of physical activity's effects and inform new therapeutic approaches for depression.
Este documento descreve o Congresso Internacional sobre as Ilhas que irá ocorrer em Funchal, Madeira entre 26 e 30 de julho de 2010. O congresso será organizado pelo Centro de Estudos de História do Atlântico e irá incluir apresentações sobre vários temas relacionados aos estudos insulares, como turismo sustentável, transnacionalismo, e economias insulares. O objetivo é promover o intercâmbio de pesquisadores de diferentes espaços insulares.
This study investigated the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among female group fitness instructors, including yoga and Pilates teachers, in Norway. The key findings were:
1) 26.3% of the 685 female instructors reported experiencing UI, with most reporting stress UI that occurred during physical activity or exercise.
2) Yoga and Pilates instructors had a similar prevalence of UI to other fitness instructors, with 25.9% reporting UI.
3) Older instructors and those with longer teaching careers had a significantly higher prevalence of UI, while use of oral contraceptives was protective against UI.
This study examined the relationship between academic performance, as measured by GPA, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity, sleep, work, and study habits in college students. A survey of 253 students found a significant positive relationship between GPA and hours worked per week. There were also strong trends toward higher GPAs being associated with more hours studied per week and greater use of the student recreation center. However, the study found no significant relationship between GPA and the amount of physical activity or exercise reported. The limitations included a small sample size and potential recall bias in self-reported surveys.
Summary of Research Supporting the SCERTS® ModelMedical Net Srl
An interesting document with references on the use and results of the SCERTS model.
The SCERTS model is
based on a developmental framework and has incorporated evidence-based practices from the
recommendations of the National Research Council (NRC, 2001) based on its review of
educational treatments for children with ASD and more current research.
G112 Ito & Shiromaru (2009). Patients’ coping strategies before and after ab...Takehiko Ito
G112 Ito & Shiromaru (2009). Patients’ coping strategies before and after abdominal surgery: A questionnaire survey. The 1st International Nursing Research Conference of World Academy of Nursing Science, Kobe: Program & Abstracts, 235.
Psychosocial aspect of bariatric surgeryAndri Andri
1) This study examined changes in employment impairment and productivity in 164 patients one year after bariatric surgery.
2) It found significant reductions in work impairment and improvements in work productivity, as well as improved quality of life and reduced depression and anxiety symptoms.
3) Pre-surgery depression, anxiety, and quality of life scores were significant predictors of changes in work outcomes after surgery, but a history of psychiatric illness was not a predictor. Patients with greater pre-surgery work impairment and psychopathology experienced the greatest employment improvements.
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
The document describes a study that retrospectively analyzed patient information from 25 individuals diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head/neck who were treated with radiation therapy over 5 weeks. Weight change over this period was calculated and statistically analyzed to examine average weight loss and potential risk factors. While results did not reach statistical significance, average weight loss was 3.12% (2.38 kg) over 5 weeks. Female gender and oral tumor site were identified as potential risk factors for greater weight loss.
Effects of Virtual Reality with Cerebral Palsy Childrenspastudent
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of virtual reality (VR) physiotherapy on balance in children with cerebral palsy. The study hypothesized that VR would have no additional effects beyond conventional physiotherapy in improving balance. The study involved 12 children who received either conventional therapy alone or conventional therapy plus VR games for 6 weeks. Results found no significant differences in balance improvements between the two groups, supporting the hypothesis that VR provided no additional benefits beyond conventional therapy alone for balance in children with cerebral palsy.
1) The study examined relationships between sleep patterns, self-reported academic performance measures, and demographic/lifestyle factors in 50 college students.
2) Results found that lower sleep quality was associated with lower academic performance, with most students reporting less than 8 hours of sleep per night and feeling groggy.
3) Female students had higher GPAs than male students on average, and students were more likely to drop varsity sports as they neared graduation. While some relationships between sleep and academic performance were observed, the hypothesis that less sleep directly causes lower performance was not supported.
This study examined the feasibility of using Fitbit Flex activity trackers in a 7-week walking program for 12 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Participants received weekly step count goals and meetings to discuss physical activity. Most participants increased daily step counts, and reported improvements in performance and satisfaction with activities. While no changes in body composition were found, participants identified the Fitbit, step count increases, and praise as motivators for physical activity. Medication side effects were the primary barrier reported. The study demonstrates that wearable trackers may help track and encourage walking in individuals with SSD.
This study analyzed data from 316 children referred to the W82GO obesity treatment program. Key findings include:
- 55% of participants who completed exercise testing were classified as hypertensive or pre-hypertensive.
- Participants had significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels compared to studies of other obese children, putting them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
- The majority of children presented with severe obesity and impaired cardiovascular health, demonstrating the need for obesity treatment programs to also address reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
This document summarizes a presentation on physiotherapy for non-cancer chronic pain. It discusses that physiotherapy aims to restore and promote optimal physical function and quality of life for those with persistent pain. It provides an overview of evaluation processes in physiotherapy and various treatment modalities. It also summarizes evidence on approaches for common persistent pain conditions like low back pain, whiplash associated disorder, and osteoarthritis. Screening tools for risk of long-term disability are also briefly covered.
Long term benefit of microbiota transfer therapy on autism symptoms and gut m...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Many studies have reported abnormal gut microbiota in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), suggesting a link between gut microbiome and autism-like behaviors.
Modifying the gut microbiome is a potential route to improve gastrointestinal (GI) and behavioral symptoms in children with ASD, and fecal microbiota transplant could transform the
dysbiotic gut microbiome toward a healthy one by delivering a large number of commensal microbes from a healthy donor. We previously performed an open-label trial of Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) that combined antibiotics, a bowel cleanse, a stomach-acid suppressant, and fecal microbiota transplant, and observed significant improvements in GI symptoms, autism-related symptoms, and gut microbiota. Here, we report on a follow-up with the same 18 participants two years after treatment was completed. Notably, most improvements in GI symptoms were maintained, and autism-related symptoms improved even more after the end of treatment. Important changes in gut microbiota at the end of treatment remained at follow-up, including significant increases in bacterial diversity and relative abundances of Bifidobacteria and Prevotella. Our observations demonstrate the longterm safety and efficacy of MTT as a potential therapy to treat children with ASD who have GI problems, and warrant a double-blind, placebo- controlled trial in the future.
This study examined the effects of short-term food deprivation on concentration and perseverance in undergraduate students. Participants were deprived of food for either 0, 12, or 24 hours before completing a concentration task and perseverance puzzle task. Food deprivation had no significant effect on concentration scores. However, those in the 12-hour deprivation group spent significantly less time on the perseverance task than the control and 24-hour groups, suggesting short-term deprivation may impact some cognitive functions but not others. The researchers speculate this may be due to hunger or motivation levels influencing perseverance after 12 hours of deprivation.
The prevalence and correlates of low back pain in adultsYounis I Munshi
This study examined the prevalence and correlates of low back pain in adults in Southern India. A total of 804 adults (401 men and 403 women) aged 20 years and older participated in the study. The key findings were:
1. The overall prevalence of low back pain was 40.7%, with the prevalence being higher in women (52.9%) compared to men (28.4%).
2. Height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and BMI were not associated with low back pain in both men and women.
3. In women, those who had undergone caesarean sections or sterilization were more likely to experience low back pain.
4. Both men and women
This document outlines a proposed intervention to increase physical activity among freshmen at Kansas State University. The intervention includes physical activity classes, laboratory sessions teaching exercises, and providing exercise kits for dorms. An evaluation plan involves initial and final surveys of freshmen to assess changes in physical activity, as well as monthly process surveys to track program participation and feedback. The goal is to increase physical activity knowledge and self-efficacy, leading to higher physical activity levels and potential long-term health benefits for students.
024 treating depression and depression-like behavior with physical activityGiliano Campos
This article reviews studies examining the neuroimmunomodulatory effects of physical activity on the brain in depression and depression-like behaviors. The review finds that physical activity enhances beneficial and reduces detrimental effects on the neuroimmune system. Specifically, physical activity appears to increase anti-inflammatory cytokines and factors while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors. The effects are thought to occur both centrally in the brain and peripherally. Investigation of the neuroimmune effects of physical activity is a rapidly developing area that may help understand the biological mechanisms of physical activity's effects and inform new therapeutic approaches for depression.
Este documento descreve o Congresso Internacional sobre as Ilhas que irá ocorrer em Funchal, Madeira entre 26 e 30 de julho de 2010. O congresso será organizado pelo Centro de Estudos de História do Atlântico e irá incluir apresentações sobre vários temas relacionados aos estudos insulares, como turismo sustentável, transnacionalismo, e economias insulares. O objetivo é promover o intercâmbio de pesquisadores de diferentes espaços insulares.
Este documento descreve o programa de um Congresso Internacional sobre as Ilhas que irá ocorrer em Funchal, Madeira, de 26 a 30 de julho de 2010. O congresso irá incluir apresentações sobre diversos tópicos relacionados ao estudo de ilhas, como organização institucional, políticas territoriais, desenvolvimento econômico, literatura de viagens, turismo sustentável e mobilidade humana. Haverá também painéis de debate sobre insularidade e economias insulares.
This critical review analyzed research on the benefits of infant massage for infants and their parents or caregivers. The review identified studies from multiple countries that used experimental and quasi-experimental designs to measure outcomes. The research consistently showed positive benefits for both infants and parents, including decreased infant crying and stress, and improved parent-infant interaction and decreased parental stress, anxiety and depression. The review concluded that infant massage can effectively increase infant relaxation and sleep as well as the quality of the parent-infant relationship.
This document summarizes research on the benefits of infant massage for infants and parents or caregivers. It reviewed 31 peer-reviewed studies from 14 countries on the effects of parents and caregivers massaging infants. The research found benefits for both infants and parents, including for infants decreased crying, improved sleep and growth, and for parents decreased stress, anxiety and depression symptoms, increased interaction with their infants and satisfaction in their lives. Fathers in particular increased quality time with their infants after massage. The review found no reported negative outcomes of infant massage.
An Experimental Study On Academic Procrastination Effects Of Weekly HomeworkJeff Nelson
This study examined the effects of weekly homework assignments, reflective writings, and presentations on students' academic procrastination and self-regulation. 114 undergraduate students completed procrastination and self-control scales before and after the semester. While the strategies did not significantly impact procrastination levels, students' self-regulation scores improved from pre- to post-test, suggesting the tasks helped develop their self-regulatory behaviors. The results provide additional evidence that weaknesses in self-regulation are associated with higher academic procrastination.
Research Topic and Methodology Form—Unit 4Use the research s.docxbrittneyj3
Research Topic and Methodology Form—Unit 4
Use the research study approved for the Unit 2 assignment to complete this form.
1. Write the APA-formatted reference for your article.
2. Paste the persistent link for your article here.
3. Identify and describe the main topic of the research article. Note: This is the overall, general topic the researchers are investigating. It is not the same thing as the purpose of the article.
4. Identify the research problem the researchers investigated in the article. In one to two paragraphs, describe a few of the research findings the researchers report in their literature that are closely related to the research problem. Use appropriate citations for secondary sources.
5. List the research question or questions the researchers used. Make sure these are formed as questions and that they are answerable using research methods. In one to two paragraphs, explain how answering these research questions would help solve the research problem identified in number 4.
6. Identify the methodology, either qualitative or quantitative, and the approach the researchers used to answer the research question or questions. Recall:
· Qualitative approaches include case study, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and generic qualitative inquiry.
· Quantitative approaches are experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental.
7. Describe the findings in the literature review that are closely related to the research problem in the chosen research.
8. Explain how the answers to the research question or questions will help the researchers solve the research problem in the chosen research.
In one paragraph, explain how the methodology and approach allow the researchers to answer the research question or questions listed in number 5.
1
Article
Are parents identifying
positive aspects to parenting
their child with an intellectual
disability or are they just
coping? A qualitative
exploration
Carole Beighton
Kingston & St. Georges University of London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Jane Wills
London South Bank University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Date accepted: 30 May 2016
Abstract
Although acknowledging the stress of raising their child with intellectual disabilities, parents also
report that their child has brought about many positive changes in themselves and family. This
study reports what parents perceive to be a positive aspect of parenting their child, as currently
what constitutes a ‘positive’ is unclear. Seven key themes were identified; an increased sense of
personal strength and confidence, changed priorities, greater appreciation of life, pleasure in the
child’s accomplishments, increased faith/spirituality, more meaningful relationships and the positive
effect that the child has on the wider community. Interpretive examination of the themes reveals
that the positive aspects identified consist mostly of meaning-focused coping strategies. T.
This document outlines an assignment for a student named Awing Mukat to complete a study on the challenges of raising autistic children in families in Malaysia. The study will employ qualitative research methods, including interviews with 8 mothers of autistic children. The student will explore the experiences of mothers in raising autistic children and adapting within their families, as well as factors that contribute to well-being. The literature review discusses research on the impact of autism on families globally and in Asia, including common challenges like stress, as well as protective factors like social support. The methodology section provides details of the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach that will be used to analyze interview data.
1. Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the TatianaMajor22
1. Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the instructor-assigned article?
Not only does labor pain have negative effects on pregnant women and fetuses, women’s psychological and emotional states have a great effect on levels of perceived pain.
There is a limited number of studies regarding labor dance.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of labor dance on perceived labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes.
A labor dance that a pregnant woman performs with her partner reduces perceived pain
and increases the woman’s satisfaction with birth.
2. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for the instructor assigned article?
Not only does labor pain have negative effects on pregnant women and fetuses, women’s psychological and emotional states have a great effect on levels of perceived pain.
There is a limited number of studies regarding labor dance.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of labor dance on perceived labor pain, birth satisfaction, and neonatal outcomes.
A labor dance that a pregnant woman performs with her partner reduces perceived pain
and increases the woman’s satisfaction with birth.
3. According to Grove & Gray (2019), which of the following statements is important when considering the significance and relevance of a study's problem and purpose?
Does it predict the non-significant findings anticipated in the study?
Does it specifically influence nursing education in university settings?
Does it identify the future research to be generated by the study?
Does it promote theory testing or development?
Does it identify extraneous variables?
4. When considering the feasibility of a study's problem and purpose, Grove & Gray (2019) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article?
(Select all that apply.)
Funding sources for the study were clearly identified in the article.
The author's credentials to design and conduct research are described.
Evidence of protection of the subjects' rights was mentioned in this article.
100% of the eligible subjects contacted participated in the study.
5. According to Grove & Gray (2019), which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL):
Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem
Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem
Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built
To explain the reasons behind the selection of the statistics used in the study.
6. Select two MAJOR topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below:
This experimental and prospective study aims to evaluate the effects of labor dance.
Labor pain has major effects on both mother and fetus.
Patients were excluded if they under ...
This document is a thesis submitted by Christopher Kear to the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse to fulfill requirements for a Master of Science degree in Exercise and Sport Science. The thesis examines how interpersonal factors from the Theory of Triadic Influence predict adolescents' physical activity levels in physical education classes. Seventy-one high school students completed surveys assessing social constructs from the theory and wore accelerometers during five physical education lessons playing flag football. Results showed the social constructs predicted physical activity intentions but not actual physical activity levels during class. Further research is needed to identify additional factors that predict adolescents' physical activity behavior in physical education.
- Investing in multiple types of capital, especially human capital, can increase the prospects for improving nutrition when integrated into agricultural projects.
- Many studies of the agriculture-nutrition link have weak study designs that limit the ability to assess the relationship.
- Future programs should be carefully monitored and evaluated to ensure performance can be continually tracked and improved.
The document summarizes research on school-based childhood obesity interventions. It finds that interventions using social cognitive theory were most effective, especially when incorporated into teacher curricula. A study using concepts from social cognitive theory and intervention mapping with parent/teacher involvement also showed success. A gardening program had benefits but its effects on obesity require more research. The least effective intervention saw limited student change as they already understood nutrition/activity importance. While many interventions have been conducted, school-based approaches using social cognitive theory can effectively reduce obesity among youth by addressing lifestyle environment, situations, expectations, self-efficacy and control.
This research study aims to examine the effects of self-advocacy and self-efficacy on rates of depression, suicide, and quality of care for elderly adults receiving care. The study will interview both care recipients and caregivers, using questionnaires and observations, to assess perceptions of physical, emotional, and environmental care quality. Previous research has identified variables that impact care quality and caregiver stress, but have focused on caregivers rather than examining care from the recipient's perspective. This study aims to address that gap by centering the care recipient's perception of care quality, depression, and suicide risk.
The efficacy of using HW in PEKory Hill.docxmehek4
The efficacy of using HW in PE
Kory Hill
Introduction
Of the many barriers to quality physical education, limited time and resources are some of the most formidable (Barroso, McCullum‐Gomez, Hoelscher, Kelder, & Murray, 2005; Morgan & Hansen, 2008). In an effort to overcome such barriers, some experts have suggest the use of a tool that has traditionally been used by classroom teachers (Gill & Schlossman, 2004a) but seldomly by physical educators (Mitchell, Stanne, & Barton, 2000; van Sluijs, McMinn, & Griffin, 2007) – homework (Novak & Lynott III, 2015; St. Ours & Scrabis-Fletcher, 2013a). Some of the criticisms of homework use for classroom subjects are that it promotes rote practice and busy work (Kohn, 2006). However, those same factors may be a seen as assets in a physical education context. When learning a motor skills, rote practice (# of practice trials/hours of practice) is arguably the most important variable for improvment (Schmidt, Lee, Winstein, Wulf, & Zelaznik, 2018). Additionally, when encouraging children to accumulate at least an hour of daily physical activity, what some call busy work, may be useful. After all, anything that keeps a child physically active is likely helping to meet national or state standards regarding physical activity (Hill, 2009; Novak & Lynott III, 2015).
The purpose of this study will be to investigate the efficacy of motor skill homework in elementary physical education classes. This inquiry is significant because there is very little in the current literature on the topic. Most of the current body of literature focuses on active homework (Duncan et al., 2011; Fairclough et al., 2013) or the attitudes and opinions of stakeholders (Barney & Strand, 2008; Kinchin & O’Sullivan, 2003; Smith & Madden, 2014). Furthermore, children are not as physically active as they should be to maintain optimal health (Roman-Viñas et al., 2016; Tremblay et al., 2016) and research shows that such inactivity can result from being physically illiterate (Whitehead, 2010). Inquiries such as this are valuable because they contribute to the body of knowledge regarding best practices in the utilization of homework in physical education contexts. When children engage in programs that improve physical literacy, they are more likely to lead physically active lives (Behringer, Heede, Matthews, & Mester, 2011; Clark & Metcalfe, 2002; Harris, 2014) and thus healthier lives (Reiner, Niermann, Jekauc, & Woll, 2013).
Delimitations
This study will be delimited to 5th grade students at a public elementary school. The classes must be left in-tact and the participants will be volunteers so the sample is on of convenience. Measures of skill achievement will be made via a skills test of a novel skill – juggling a footbag. Homework compliance will be reported from self record forms signed by parents/guardians. Students failing to submit the required approval forms or choosing to drop out will not be included.
Limitations
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The document summarizes research supporting the SCERTS model, an intervention framework for children with autism spectrum disorders. It describes the SCERTS model as being based on developmental frameworks and evidence-based practices. Research supporting the model is categorized into four levels of evidence, from experimental group studies to descriptive research. Tables list references for each evidence level and how they relate to the three domains (social communication, emotional regulation, transactional support) and components of the SCERTS model.
Effect of Postpartum Violence Research.pdfsdfghj21
This study examined the effect of postpartum intimate partner violence on mother-infant bonding. The researchers surveyed 200 mothers 4-6 weeks postpartum at hospitals in Turkey. Mothers who experienced violence from their partners during the postpartum period, such as being ignored, scolded, abused, or forced into sexual intercourse, had lower mother-infant bonding scores. In contrast, mothers who planned their pregnancy, were satisfied with their baby's sex, breastfed within 30 minutes of birth, and had a marriage initiated by both partners had higher bonding scores. The study suggests intimate partner violence during the postpartum period can negatively impact mother-infant bonding.
This essay is the first in a series of three essays that will deal.docxchristalgrieg
This essay is the first in a series of three essays that will deal with a single issue or event in the world today. In this essay, you will be explaining the facts of your event or issue, not presenting the various perspectives or your own personal view on your issue. This is the place where you present a view of the data the upcoming perspectives are based on.
You may choose to approach this assignment in one of several ways, depending on your issue. You may choose to present a timeline of events leading up to present day. You may choose to present the basic concepts on which your issue rests. You may choose to combine these approaches. However you approach this assignment, you need to remember to retain an empirical stance while striving to present your data in a unique, interesting way.
Some tips to completing this assignment successfully:
· Try to find a unique angle or presentation for you issue in order to engage the reader.
· Focus on one aspect of your broad issue--you're going for depth, not breadth of coverage
· Remember to stick to an empirical stance. You will have the chance to present the different sides of your issue, as well as your own position, at a later date.
This essay must be at least 4 pages long, set in Times New Roman font with 1-inch margins. Your text must be double-spaced and you must use MLA format. Also, remember to cite all information that you cull from outside sources.
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Literature Review: Childhood Obesity
Student’s name
Institution
Date
Literature Review: Childhood Obesity
The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has increased at such a rapid rate that this has been considered a serious healthcare issue. This issue has attracted the attention of policy makers, government agencies, and the community. Due to the extent of the problem, a large number of researchers have investigated a number of factors relating to childhood obesity. One of the factors that have been investigated is the impact of changing the attitudes of the patients towards obesity and lifestyle factors that cause a risk factor. In this study, the main factor being investigated is the impact of education on exercise and diet on patients who have a BMI of more than 30. The following is a summary of a review of the literature used to determine the impact of educating patients on exercise and diet changes.
Comparison of Research Questions
Most of the literature analyzed for this study focuses on the intervention strategies for childhood obesity. Cheung et al. seeks to understand the extent of the childhood obesity in America. The research asks about the incidence of childhood obesity in America in a bid to demonstrate the extent of the problem.
Ickes et al. (2014) research question compares the intervention strategies used in the American schools and international ones. The main aim of this study is to determine the gaps in the intervention used in American school ...
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Discrete Trial Training (DTT) effect on children with ASD
Introduction
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects the development of an individual affecting their behaviour and the ability to communicate (Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2021). In most cases, this disorder exhibits its symptoms within the initial two years of an individual, despite its diagnosis being plausible for individuals of all ages. Persons diagnosed with this disorder often have repetitive behaviours and restricted interests, find it difficult to partake in social interactions and communication with others, and show other symptoms that may impede the individual's ability to perform well in school, work and several other aspects of life ("Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2021). The individuals diagnosed with the disorder will, in some cases, be reliant on their families and individuals close to them for help and support. Despite the disorder's potency as a life-long condition, some services and treatments are provided, helping an individual diagnosed with the condition improve the quality of their life. It is also important to note that the disorder has several different variations; hence, the spectrum of different characteristics, unique to every diagnosed individual.
According to studies conducted, one in fifty-four children is diagnosed with the disorder in the United States, occurring in children of all racial backgrounds and socioeconomic groups ("Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder | CDC," 2021). According to the same report, the disease is four times more likely to occur in boys than in girls. Between 2009 to 2017, the number of children aged between 3-17 years diagnosed with development disorders, inclusive of ASD, increased from 16.2% to 17.8%. (Ünlü et al., 2018). In the use of discrete trial training (DTT), children are taught a plethora of skills, which include academic, language, and social skills, necessary to facilitate their development. In the treatment of ASD, options are limited. However, early diagnosis, coupled with behaviour interventions, is considered to have the best outcomes in managing the disorder's symptoms (Masi et al., 2017).
The prevalence of ASD in children has been noted to rise significantly in the population (Masi et al., 2017; "Data and Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder | CDC," 2021), affecting a larger portion of the population. This number of affected individuals is projected to rise even higher in the coming years, a problem in society that needs to be addressed. In the treatment of the disorder, drug interventions, while widely used, have failed to prove their efficiency in improving or managing symptoms in most cases (Masi et al., 2017). The treatment options for the disorder are also very limited. The use of drug interventions, early diagnosis, and early behavioural interventions is very expensive and inaccessible to many individuals affected by the condition. Identifying the disorder i ...
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Taiwanese Nursing Ho.docxwilcockiris
This study investigated the attitudes toward and perceived barriers and facilitators of evidence-based practice among 89 registered nurses working in nursing homes in Taiwan. The nurses expressed positive attitudes toward research and EBP. The most frequently cited barriers were related to insufficient authority to change practice, difficulty understanding statistical analyses, and isolation from knowledgeable colleagues. Perceived facilitators included improved computer/Internet access, more effective research training, and collaboration with academic nurses. The findings were similar to prior Western research and indicate further research education for nursing home nurses could be beneficial.
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...
Infant Massage1
1. Infant massage benefits for infants and parents/caregivers: A critical review FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HUMAN SCIENCES M. Kay Keller, M.P.A., S.S.W., C.I.M.I. January 2010
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10. Potentially relevant studies identified and screened for retrieval (n=201) Ineligible studies excluded not an infant massage intervention, participants not parents or caregivers or duplicate articles(n= 157) Abstracts of studies retrieved (n=44) Studies excluded if not an intervention study or not measuring health outcome (n=6) Potentially appropriate studies for review. Studies evaluated in detail to determine relevance to inclusion criteria (n=38) Studies excluded from review if results presented did not relate outcomes to the benefit of parents/caregivers & infant (n=7) Studies with usable information by outcome (n=31) Quorum Flowchart
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18. Methods Author Measurement Design Analysis strategy Reliability & Validity Citations Multiple Post-tests Detailed description of Infant Massage Description of Instructor’s credentials Arikan et al., 2007 Physical (crying) Experimental Intention to Treat Reliability Coefficient Citations Arora et al, 2005 Physical Experimental Attrition Rates X X Cullen et al., 2000 Interaction Experimental Validity Citation References X X Diego et al., 2007 Physical Experimental X X Elliot et al., 2002 Physical & Interaction Experimental Reliability Coefficient Citations/ Validity Citation References X Feij’o et al., 2006 Interaction Experimental
19. Methods Author Measurement Design Analysis strategy Reliability & Validity Citations Multiple Post-tests Detailed description of Infant Massage Description of Instructor’s credentials Field et al., 1998 Interaction Quasi Intention to Treat X X Field et al., 1996 Physical Experimental Field et al., 1996 Interaction Experimental Reliability Coefficient Citations X Ferber et al., 2005 Interaction Experimental Attrition Rates Ferber et al. 2002 Physical Experimental Intention to Treat X Ferber et al., 2002 Physical Experimental X Fujita et al., 2006 Interaction Experimental Intention to Treat X
20. Methods Author Measurement Design Analysis strategy Reliability & Validity Citations Multiple Post-tests Detailed description of Infant Massage Description of Instructor’s credentials Gitu et al., 2002 Physical Quasi Glover et al., 2002 Both Quasi X Gonzales et al., 2009 Physical Experimental Attrition Rates Reliability Coefficient Citations X Huhtula et al., 2000 Physical (crying) Experimental X Jump et al., 2006 Physical Experimental Intention to Treat/ Attrition Rates X X Kelmanson & Adulas, 2005 Physical Quasi
21. Methods Author Measurement Design Analysis strategy Reliability & Validity Citations Multiple Post-tests Detailed description of Infant Massage Description of Instructor’s credentials Kim et al., 2003 Physical Experimental Reliability Coefficient Citations/ Validity Citation References X X Massaro et al., 2009 Physical Experimental Attrition Rates X X Mathai et al., (2003) Physical Experimental X Mendes & Procianoy, 2008 Physical Experimental Attrition Rates X O’Higgins, 2008 Interaction Experimental X X Ohgi, 2004 Physical Experimental
22. Methods Author Measurement Design Analysis strategy Reliability & Validity Citations Multiple Post-tests Detailed description of Infant Massage Description of Instructor’s credentials Onozawa, 2001 Interaction Experimental Intention to Treat Reliability Coefficient Citations X X Pelaez-Nogueras 1996 Interaction Experimental Reliability Coefficient Citations/ Validity Citation References X X Sankaranarayanan et al, 2005 Physical Experimental Attrition Rates Validity Citation References X X Scafidi & Field, 1996 Physical Experimental Validity Citation References X Scholz & Samuels, 1992 Interaction Experimental Reliability Coefficient Citations X X Teti et al., 2009 Interaction Experimental Intention to Treat X