The document presents an overview of various industrial polymers including nylon-6, teflon, polystyrene, polyethylene, lithium aluminum hydride (lialh4), and lucite. It details their history, preparation methods, properties, and applications across industries such as textiles, automotive, and electronics. Each polymer is described in terms of its chemical characteristics and practical uses, highlighting their significance in modern manufacturing and product design.

1. INDUSTRIAL POLYMERS
PRESENTED TO – Dr. ASHIMA
SRIVASTAVA
GROUP PRESENTATION

2. 2
VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL POLYMERS
NYLON-6
TEFLON
POLYSTYRENE
POLYETHENE
LiAlH4
LUCITE

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I. NYLON-6
 HISTORY
 PREPARATION
 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION

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HISTORY OF NYLON-6
•In 1938 Paul Schlack of the IG Farben
company in Germany polymerized
Caprolactam and created a different form of
polymer identified as Nylon-6. It is a
homopolymer which is formed by ring opening
chain growth polymerisation

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PREPARATION
 Nylon-6 is prepared by prolonged heating of Caprolactam at 533K-
543K.
 It is formed by self condensation of a large number of molecules of
amino caproic acid.
 Since caprolactam is more easily available, it is used for
polymerisation, which is carried out in the presence of H2Oto
hydrolyse the lactum to amino acid.
 Caprolactam is obtained by Beckmann rearrangement of
cyclohexanone oxime.

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REACTIONS INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF
NYLON-6

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Properties of Nylon-6
• Nylon 6 is a synthetic polymer and a type of polyamide. It has a variety of properties that make it useful in
many applications. Here are some key properties:
• High Strength: Nylon 6 is known for its high tensile strength and durability, making it suitable for
applications requiring strong and long-lasting materials.
• Elasticity: It has good elasticity, allowing it to stretch under stress and return to its original shape when the
stress is removed.
• Chemical Resistance: It is resistant to many chemicals, including oils, solvents, and fuels, which makes it
suitable for use in automotive and industrial applications.
• Low Friction: It has a low coefficient of friction, which is beneficial for applications involving sliding or
rotating parts.
• Moisture Absorption: Nylon 6 can absorb moisture from the environment, which can affect its mechanical
properties. This hygroscopic nature means it can swell slightly and become more flexible when exposed to
high humidity.
• Thermal Stability: It has a relatively high melting point of around 220-230°C, making it suitable for
applications involving elevated temperatures.
• Electrical Insulation: Nylon 6 has good electrical insulating properties, which makes it useful in electrical and
electronic applications.

8. Applications of Nylon-6
Presentation title 8
• Nylon 6 is used in a wide range of applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and
versatility. Here are some of the main applications:
• 1. Textiles and Fabrics: -
• Clothing: Used in the production of hosiery, swimwear, activewear, and other garments. - Home Furnishings: Carpets,
upholstery, and draperies.
• 2. *Automotive Industry*: -
• Engine Components: Oil pans, timing belts, and various under-the-hood components. - Interior Parts: Seat belts, airbags, and
interior trim.
• 3. *Industrial Applications*: -
• Gears, Bearings, and Bushings: Due to its low friction and wear resistance. - Fasteners and Screws: Used where high strength
and durability are required. - Conveyor Belts and Ropes: For high-strength and abrasion-resistant needs.
• 4. *Electrical and Electronics*: -
• Insulators: Due to its good electrical insulation properties. - Connectors and Switches: Components that benefit from its
mechanical strength and electrical properties.
• 5. *Consumer Goods*: -
• Sporting Goods: Equipment such as fishing lines, rackets, and sportswear. - Kitchen Utensils: Items like spatulas, brushes,
and other kitchen tools. - Toys: Durable plastic toys that can withstand rough use.

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II. TEFLON
 WHAT IS TEFLON?
 PREPARATION
 PROPERTIES AND USES

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What is Teflon?
• Teflon is a synthetic fluoropolymer made up of
tetrafluoroethylene monomer. The chemical name of Teflon
is poly (1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethylene). It is a thermoplastic
polymer. Teflon chemical formula is (C2F4)n. The Teflon
formula shows repetitive or n numbers of C2F4 units. It has
an ability to maintain high strength, toughness, and self-
lubrication at low temperatures (around 5 K), and good
flexibility at temperatures above 194 K.

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Production of Teflon
• Teflon is produced by a free radical mechanism. The net reaction for the
production of Teflon is given below:
• nF2C=CF2 -(F
→ 2C-CF2)n-
• .
• To aid this reaction, a sulphate catalyst is used with high-pressure heating.
During the reaction of the production of the Teflon or Polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTTE), the polymer tetrafluoroethylene decomposes into tetrafluoromethane
and a carbon atom.

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Properties of Teflon
It is a white solid compound at room temperature.
Its density is about 2200 kg/m3
2.2 g/cm3
It shows good resistance towards heat and low temperature.
It is a chemical resistance compound, the only chemicals that can
affect these compounds are alkali metals.
Its melting point is 600 K.
It has a low water absorption capacity.
Structure of Teflon

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Uses of Teflon
It is used in making waterproof fabric.
It is used in making non-stick cookware.
It is used in making an anti-friction device.
It is used for coating medical appliances (surgical devices).
Due to its high resistance to corrosion, it is used for coating
the lining of laboratory appliances.

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III. POLYSTYRENE
 GENERAL INFORMATION
 PREPARATION
 PROPERTIES AND USES

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POLYSTYRENE
• GENERAL INFORMATION
POLYSTYRENE IS A
VERSATILE, LIGHTWEIGHT
PLASTIC COMMONLY USED
IN PACKAGING,
INSULATION, AND
DISPOSABLE FOOD
CONTAINERS.
• PREPARATION
• POLYSTYRENE IS PREPARED
BY THE POLYMERIZATION
OF STYRENE IN THE
PRESENCE OF BENZOYL
PEROXIDE AS INITIATOR.

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PROPERTIES
Electrical Insulation: Good dielectric properties, low dielectric constant.
Chemical Resistance: Resistant to acids and bases; dissolves in benzene
and acetone.
Non-Biodegradable: Persistent in the environment.
USES OF POLYSTYRENE
Used for preparing synthetic ion exchange resins in combination with p-
divinylbenzene.
Widely used in the manufacture of articles such as lids, jars, bottles, combs,
brushes, radio and television cabinets.
Used in the preparation of foam and bead for insulation and packing material.

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IV. POLYETHENE
 WHAT IS POLYEHTENE?
 ITS TYPES
 PROPERTIES
 MANUFACTURING AND APPLICATION

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What is Polythene?
Polythene, short for polyethylene, is a versatile and
widely used plastic material found in countless everyday
items.
Polythene is a synthetic polymer made from the
polymerization of ethylene monomers. It is classified
into various types, including low-density polyethylene
(LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and linear low-
density polyethylene (LLDPE).

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TYPES OF POLYETHE
LDPE
• LDPE is flexible
and has
excellent tear
resistance,
making it ideal
for packaging
applications,
films, and bags.
HDPE
• HDPE is known
for its rigidity
and strength,
making it
suitable for
bottles, pipes,
and other
structural
components.
LLDPE
• LLDPE combines
the flexibility of
LDPE with the
strength of
HDPE, making it
suitable for both
packaging and
industrial
applications

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Properties of Polyethene
• Low Density
• Polythene is lightweight, making it easy to transport and handle.
• Water Resistance
• It is impermeable to water, making it ideal for packaging food and other
moisture-sensitive products.
• Flexibility
• It can be easily molded and shaped into various forms, making it
adaptable for different applications.
• Durability
• Polythene is resistant to tearing and punctures, making it durable for
packaging and storage

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Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process of polythene begins with the
polymerization of ethylene monomers. This process involves
several steps, including:
Ethylene Production -Ethylene gas is extracted from natural
gas or crude oil.
Polymerization - Ethylene monomers are polymerized under
high pressure and temperature to form polyethylene chains.
 Extrusion- The molten polyethylene is extruded through a die
to form the desired shape, such as sheets, films, or pipes.
 Cooling and Packaging -The extruded polythene is cooled
and packaged for distribution

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Applications of Polyethene
Packaging
Polythene is
commonly used for
packaging food,
beverages, and other
consumer goods.
Plastic bags
 Food wraps
Bottles and
containers
Construction
Polythene is used in
construction
materials, such as
pipes, membranes,
and insulation.
Water pipes
Roofing membranes
Insulation for
buildings
Agriculture
Polythene is used in
greenhouses,
mulches, and other
agricultural
applications.
Greenhouse films
Mulch films for soil
protection
 Irrigation pipes

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V. LiAlH4
 INTRODUCTION
 PROPERTIES
 PREPARATION
 MECHANISM AND APPLICATIONS

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Introduction
White solid
Strong & versatile Reducing agent Reduction is done in
aprotic solvents
 It does not reduces C=C & CEC But if these groups are in
conjugation with Phenyl group then LiAlH4 reduces these go.

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Properties of LiAlH4
A Strong versatile reducing agent.
Highly soluble in diethyl ether.
 Decomposes at 125°c.
PREPARATION
Lithium aluminium hydride is prepared by:-

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Mechanism

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Applications

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VI. LUCITE
 GENERAL INFORMATION
 FORMATION
 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS

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What is Lucite?
• Lucite, also known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is a
transparent thermoplastic that offers exceptional clarity and
light transmission. It is derived from synthetic polymer and is
widely used as a shatter resistant alternative to glass.

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Formation of Lucite

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Properties of Lucite
Its density is about 1.18 g/cm³.
2.Its melting point is 433 kelvin (160 degrees celsius). 3
. It is fully recyclable and lightweight. 4
. It is typically processed at 240-260 degrees celsius.
5. It has a higher impact strength than glass and will not
shatter.

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Applications of Lucite
It is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles.
• It is used to make motorcycle helmet visors.
• It is commonly used for constructing residential and
commercial aquariums.
• It is also used in medicine in devices for illuminating and
visually inspecting interior organs.

33. Thank you
GROUP MEMBERS