Indonesia digital landscape
brief overview
250
4th
73
Source: eMarketer Indonesia Online, March 2013
million
people
largest population
in the world
million online population
by the end of 2013
Source: Google 2012, Bloomberg , April 2012, in On Device Research 2013
*Google measured speeds on desktop and mobile devices in 50 countries
#1 Slowest desktop internet
speed in the world*
slowest mobile internet
speed in the world*#9
but cheapest for mobile
data plan
and internet penetration is
still Growing rapidly
Source: eMarketer Indonesia Online, March 2013
online growth
internet users (in million)
59.6
72.7
83.6
93.4
2012 2013 2014 2015
Indonesia online population
is growing rapidly
demographic profileSource: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012, comScore Media Metrix, March 2013
MALE Female
48.4%
51.6%
female internet users
started to catch up with
the proportion of male
internet users
Source: comScore, Media Metrix, March 2013
in general, women are more likely to visit family, home, and retail
sites, while men gravitate towards sports, auto, and technology
fragrances/cosmestics 168
flowers/gift/greetings 152
lifestyles - food 140
department stores 137
jewellery/accessories 137
teens 133
family/parenting 130
(highest)
f-to-m
reach index
politics 78
technology - news 78
automotive 77
gaming information 76
online gambling 75
sports 74
online trading 69
(lowest)
f-to-m
reach index
demographic profileSource: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
9.9%
10.9%
11.6%
14.2%
11.8%
10.9%
10.1%
9.1%
6%
3.1%
2.5%60-65
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
12-14
years old
DIGITAL IMMIGRANT
Older generation, knew
internet when they were
adults, often feel the need
to always learn to adapt
with new technologies
!
DIGITAL Native
Younger generation, born
and living in the internet
era. Tend to make trends in
cyberspace
demographic profileSource: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
internet users are dominated
by younger Generation.
Digital immigrant
41.6%
58.4%
Digital Native
demographic profileSource: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
1.3%
20.8%
11.1%
47.9%
11.3%
7.5%Elementary school
Middle school
High School
diploma
graduate
post-graduate
Internet users are predominated by people
with higher education
demographic profile
Housewives group is rapidly
growing because of the needs
to socialise, seek information
or conduct a business
58.4% 16.6%
15.3%
9%
5.8%
Workers
Students
Housewives
college Students
unemployments
Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
demographic profile
15.1%
21.5%
63.4%
White collar
blue collar
entrepreneur
blue collar
using internet to socialise
rather than directly to work
!
white collar
intensely accessing the
internet anytime anywhere to
obtain information, both work
and personal purposes
Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
Mobile internet is making
gains, aided by affordable
smartphones along with
more affordable data
packages
Device used
66%
52%
45%
2%
mobile desktop notebook tablet
Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
shares of device page traffic on a typical workday
Device used
Source: comScore Device Essentials, July 2013
Device usage varies significantly by time of day.
Mobiles brighten the commutes, Desktops take
up work hours, while tablets rule evenings.
2.6%
3.6%
5.3%
5.9%
18.5%
22.4%
57.9%
62.1%
68.3%
68.9%
87.8%
reasons to go online
Social media
Browsing
news
dl/uL video
email
chatting
online game
video call
blog
voip
file sharing
internet users has not been seriously harness the
power of technology for productive activities. It is
still largely used only for social media, browsing, or
to find the latest news updates
Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
Source: comScore Media Metrix, March 2013
top 10 most visited
categories87% 86%
80%
72%
63% 63% 59% 53% 52%
29%
sns search blog news multimedia lifestyle email games photosent.
Source: comScore Media Metrix, March 2013
top 5 most visited
sites by category
Category: Retail
AVG.com 1,435
Amazon Sites 1,347
Lazada Sites 1.260
Indonetwork.co.id 778
apple.com worldwide sites 703
Category: travel
priceline.com INCORPorated 970
LIONAIR.CO.ID 561
airasia 513
tripadvisor inc 396
garuda-indonesia.com 381
Category: entertainment
youtube.com 7.171
OMG! from Yahoo! 2.172
kapanlagi.com 2.133
cbs interactive 1.808
VEVO 1.636
mobile internet users
demographic profile: Age
indonesia has the
youngest mobile
internet user base
in southeast asia
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
14%
33%
32%
21%under 18
18-24
25-35
above 35
19%*
28%*
32%*
21%*
* SEA AVERAGE
demographic profile: gender
indonesia has one of
the highest male to
female ratio among
mobile internet users
in southeast asia
MALE Female
29%
71%
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
63%*
37%*
* SEA AVERAGE
demographic profile: education
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
30% of mobile internet users in Indonesia
are graduates or post graduates
* SEA AVERAGE
9%
31%
29%
30% 36%*
27%*
10%*
27%*
graduate/post graduate
diploma/undergraduate
schooling up to 12 years
uneducated
demographic profile: occupation
1/4th of mobile internet users in indonesia are
businessmen or self employed professionals
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
16% business
9% self-employed
12% part time job
39%full time job 16% student
4% housewives
4% not working/retired
product
ownership
only 1/4th of mobile
internet users in indonesia
own an automobile
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
33% 27%
computers tablet
Consumer Durables automobiles payment cards
18%33% 22%
affluent lifestyle
only 1/3rd of mobile internet users in indonesia
went into a restaurant in the last month
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
* SEA AVERAGE
58%
46%
32%
58%*
47%*
41%*restaurant
movie theatre
shopping mall/market
Source: eMarketer, April 2012
phone types
2012 2013 2014 2015
users (in million)
23.8 38.5 57.7 71.6
148.9
160.5
169.7
179
mobile phone users
smartphone users
operating system
Source: IDC Indonesia via Jakarta Post, 5 January 2013
although android has
quickly become
majority, blackberry
(Until now) remains a
significant player
53%
35%
9%
android blackberry windows apple iOS
4%
device usage
Source: InMobi, Mobile Consumption Indonesia 2013
indonesian people are more likely to
use their mobile phones when they
were alone and it is cannibalising
print media
69%
35%
29%
17%
14%
lying in bed
while waiting
watching TV
spending time with family
while commuting
6%
8%
12%
14%
16%
20%
24%social media
entertainment
general info
email
games
shopping
local search
online
activity
Source: InMobi, Mobile Consumption Indonesia 2013
growth in indonesian mobile
usage in the coming years is
likely to come from social
media & entertainment
Source: Redwing Asia (2012), InMobi (2012)
Mobile ADS
Mobile ads grew
by 99% in 2012
200 billion ad impressions in 2012
2nd largest market in mobile ads
after the us
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
* SEA AVERAGE
users love mobile ads
that help them..
22%
33%
36%
67%
27%*
36%*
42%*
55%*download mobile content
find a good deal on something
learn about the brand
locate something nearby
downloaded
content
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
1/4th of mobile internet
users in indonesia download
all types of mobile content
in a month, highest in sea
70%
49% 44%
33%
game/app video music theme
social network activities
INDONESIANS and
social media
Source: Multiple Resources in On Device Research, 2013
People are using social media to
make their voice heard
It has a higher user-to-usage
ratio than most other countries
politicians are now taking social
media seriously
it got worldwide attention for
politics-related discussion
Social media creates a sense of
community & IT’s Growing strong
Source: eMarketer, August 2012
social network 79.2
users (in million)
% of internet users
80%
34.4
52.1
67.1
87.5%
92.3%
94.8%
2011 2012 2013 2014
TOP Social Networks
Source: comScore Media Metrix, March 2013
4.9%
5.9%
10.5%
26.4%
80.2%
facebook
twitter
LinkedIn
yahoo! Profile
tumblR
although Facebook is
still very popular, its
popularity may be
declining among the
digital savvy users in
larger cities who are
now turning to path
photo Sharing sites
hand in hand with other
social networking sites,
photo sharing are
becoming popular in the
country
Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013
28.8%
Reach of the category
7.1 min
time spent per visitor
social messaging
Source: On Device Research, 2013
instant messaging has become a multi-faceted platform —where
people can chat, play games and buy things- all in one place
43%
whatsapp
37%
blackberry
chat
line facebook
messenger
twitter Wechat kakaotalk Skype yahoo
messenger
36% 23% 23% 20% 16% 16% 15%
average instant messaging installed per person: 4.2. “indicate friends using
different apps” and “having different features” are two biggest reasons for having
multiple instant messaging apps.
Indonesians have caught
Into the sticker culture
Source: On Device Research, 2013
and 19% of sticker users have
paid for them at least once
46%
use daily
84%
have used at
least once
13%
do not use
e-Commerce in Indonesia
Source: TechinAsia, November 2013
E-commerce stats
29.8%penetration
4.6million
have shopped
in 2013
1.8billion $
spent in 2013
users (in million)
% of internet users
17.5%
43
2011 2012 201520142013 2016
59.6
74.6 83.6 93.4 102.8
24% 29.8% 33% 36.5% 39.8%
Source: eMarketer, March 2013
Market Growth
Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, Dec 2012
shopping
behaviour
clothing
handphone
plane/show ticketS
laptop & Acc
bags
books
electronics
shoes
77.1%
2.1%
8.7%
3.8%
11.1%
5.2%
2.2%
5%
39.1%
17.8%
16.9%
16.1%
1.4%
11%
9%
8.8%
fashion and female
are the top
category & buyer
respectively
Market reluctance
Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
2.4%
4%
4.1%
4.7%
5.2%
6%
9.3%
12.7%
13.8%
21.5%
34.6%fear of fraud
items cannot be touched/seen
high prices
not interested/not needed
quality of products is not guaranteed
do not know how
not practical
items do not match offer
items are not in accordance with anyone’s liking
items do not match picture
long process
payment method
Source: Indonesia Credit Card Association, 2013
57%
bank transfer
7%
credit card
28%
cash on delivery
8%
others
bank transfer is still the most
preferred method of payment
because many users are still
unfamiliar with online payment and
worry about online security
Source: Veritrans & Daily Social, eCommerce in Indonesia, August 2012, eComScore Metrix, March 2013
Majority of digital
buyers prefer C2c
model. Seller & Buyer
negotiation made
through any
platforms, including
phone calLs, SMS,
Facebook, BBM,
Whatsapp & Twitter
top 10 sites
for online purchase in 2012
1 Facebook 50%
2 Kaskus 49.2%
3 Disdus 19.5%
4 Toko Bagus 13.6%
5 Deal Keren 11.9%
6 Amazon 8.9%
7 E-Bay 8.5%
8 Bhinneka 5.5%
9 Multiply 5.5%
10 Blibli 4.7%
Growing
player in 2013
with 84%
growth from Sep
2012 to Mar 2013
Source: PriceArea.Com, 2013
key Players
c2c categoryB2c category
2013
indonesia
in spotlights
internet user number in indonesia still grows at a high
pace in the past years, and is still dominated by younger
generation. although indonesians have already adopted
multiple platforms and devices, mobile phone is still
the key of internet penetration in the country. Social
networking and entertainment still capture majority
of online activities across platforms in which Facebook and
Youtube continue to be the number one in the category
respectively. SOCIAL Messaging receives positive
acceptance and provides opportunities to be monetised.
e-commerce is beginning to capture indonesian market and
provides a lots of headroom for growth. both B2C and c2c
model shows positive growth although securitY remains
an issue that prevented the audience to shop online.
thank you

Indonesia Digital Landscape

  • 1.
  • 2.
    brief overview 250 4th 73 Source: eMarketerIndonesia Online, March 2013 million people largest population in the world million online population by the end of 2013
  • 3.
    Source: Google 2012,Bloomberg , April 2012, in On Device Research 2013 *Google measured speeds on desktop and mobile devices in 50 countries #1 Slowest desktop internet speed in the world* slowest mobile internet speed in the world*#9 but cheapest for mobile data plan and internet penetration is still Growing rapidly
  • 4.
    Source: eMarketer IndonesiaOnline, March 2013 online growth internet users (in million) 59.6 72.7 83.6 93.4 2012 2013 2014 2015 Indonesia online population is growing rapidly
  • 5.
    demographic profileSource: APJII,Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012, comScore Media Metrix, March 2013 MALE Female 48.4% 51.6% female internet users started to catch up with the proportion of male internet users
  • 6.
    Source: comScore, MediaMetrix, March 2013 in general, women are more likely to visit family, home, and retail sites, while men gravitate towards sports, auto, and technology fragrances/cosmestics 168 flowers/gift/greetings 152 lifestyles - food 140 department stores 137 jewellery/accessories 137 teens 133 family/parenting 130 (highest) f-to-m reach index politics 78 technology - news 78 automotive 77 gaming information 76 online gambling 75 sports 74 online trading 69 (lowest) f-to-m reach index
  • 7.
    demographic profileSource: APJII,Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012 9.9% 10.9% 11.6% 14.2% 11.8% 10.9% 10.1% 9.1% 6% 3.1% 2.5%60-65 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 12-14 years old DIGITAL IMMIGRANT Older generation, knew internet when they were adults, often feel the need to always learn to adapt with new technologies ! DIGITAL Native Younger generation, born and living in the internet era. Tend to make trends in cyberspace
  • 8.
    demographic profileSource: APJII,Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012 internet users are dominated by younger Generation. Digital immigrant 41.6% 58.4% Digital Native
  • 9.
    demographic profileSource: APJII,Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012 1.3% 20.8% 11.1% 47.9% 11.3% 7.5%Elementary school Middle school High School diploma graduate post-graduate Internet users are predominated by people with higher education
  • 10.
    demographic profile Housewives groupis rapidly growing because of the needs to socialise, seek information or conduct a business 58.4% 16.6% 15.3% 9% 5.8% Workers Students Housewives college Students unemployments Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
  • 11.
    demographic profile 15.1% 21.5% 63.4% White collar bluecollar entrepreneur blue collar using internet to socialise rather than directly to work ! white collar intensely accessing the internet anytime anywhere to obtain information, both work and personal purposes Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
  • 12.
    Mobile internet ismaking gains, aided by affordable smartphones along with more affordable data packages Device used 66% 52% 45% 2% mobile desktop notebook tablet Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
  • 13.
    shares of devicepage traffic on a typical workday Device used Source: comScore Device Essentials, July 2013 Device usage varies significantly by time of day. Mobiles brighten the commutes, Desktops take up work hours, while tablets rule evenings.
  • 14.
    2.6% 3.6% 5.3% 5.9% 18.5% 22.4% 57.9% 62.1% 68.3% 68.9% 87.8% reasons to goonline Social media Browsing news dl/uL video email chatting online game video call blog voip file sharing internet users has not been seriously harness the power of technology for productive activities. It is still largely used only for social media, browsing, or to find the latest news updates Source: APJII, Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012
  • 15.
    Source: comScore MediaMetrix, March 2013 top 10 most visited categories87% 86% 80% 72% 63% 63% 59% 53% 52% 29% sns search blog news multimedia lifestyle email games photosent.
  • 16.
    Source: comScore MediaMetrix, March 2013 top 5 most visited sites by category Category: Retail AVG.com 1,435 Amazon Sites 1,347 Lazada Sites 1.260 Indonetwork.co.id 778 apple.com worldwide sites 703 Category: travel priceline.com INCORPorated 970 LIONAIR.CO.ID 561 airasia 513 tripadvisor inc 396 garuda-indonesia.com 381 Category: entertainment youtube.com 7.171 OMG! from Yahoo! 2.172 kapanlagi.com 2.133 cbs interactive 1.808 VEVO 1.636
  • 17.
  • 18.
    demographic profile: Age indonesiahas the youngest mobile internet user base in southeast asia Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 14% 33% 32% 21%under 18 18-24 25-35 above 35 19%* 28%* 32%* 21%* * SEA AVERAGE
  • 19.
    demographic profile: gender indonesiahas one of the highest male to female ratio among mobile internet users in southeast asia MALE Female 29% 71% Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 63%* 37%* * SEA AVERAGE
  • 20.
    demographic profile: education Source:MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 30% of mobile internet users in Indonesia are graduates or post graduates * SEA AVERAGE 9% 31% 29% 30% 36%* 27%* 10%* 27%* graduate/post graduate diploma/undergraduate schooling up to 12 years uneducated
  • 21.
    demographic profile: occupation 1/4thof mobile internet users in indonesia are businessmen or self employed professionals Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 16% business 9% self-employed 12% part time job 39%full time job 16% student 4% housewives 4% not working/retired
  • 22.
    product ownership only 1/4th ofmobile internet users in indonesia own an automobile Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 33% 27% computers tablet Consumer Durables automobiles payment cards 18%33% 22%
  • 23.
    affluent lifestyle only 1/3rdof mobile internet users in indonesia went into a restaurant in the last month Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 * SEA AVERAGE 58% 46% 32% 58%* 47%* 41%*restaurant movie theatre shopping mall/market
  • 24.
    Source: eMarketer, April2012 phone types 2012 2013 2014 2015 users (in million) 23.8 38.5 57.7 71.6 148.9 160.5 169.7 179 mobile phone users smartphone users
  • 25.
    operating system Source: IDCIndonesia via Jakarta Post, 5 January 2013 although android has quickly become majority, blackberry (Until now) remains a significant player 53% 35% 9% android blackberry windows apple iOS 4%
  • 26.
    device usage Source: InMobi,Mobile Consumption Indonesia 2013 indonesian people are more likely to use their mobile phones when they were alone and it is cannibalising print media 69% 35% 29% 17% 14% lying in bed while waiting watching TV spending time with family while commuting
  • 27.
    6% 8% 12% 14% 16% 20% 24%social media entertainment general info email games shopping localsearch online activity Source: InMobi, Mobile Consumption Indonesia 2013 growth in indonesian mobile usage in the coming years is likely to come from social media & entertainment
  • 28.
    Source: Redwing Asia(2012), InMobi (2012) Mobile ADS Mobile ads grew by 99% in 2012 200 billion ad impressions in 2012 2nd largest market in mobile ads after the us
  • 29.
    Source: MMA &VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 * SEA AVERAGE users love mobile ads that help them.. 22% 33% 36% 67% 27%* 36%* 42%* 55%*download mobile content find a good deal on something learn about the brand locate something nearby
  • 30.
    downloaded content Source: MMA &VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 1/4th of mobile internet users in indonesia download all types of mobile content in a month, highest in sea 70% 49% 44% 33% game/app video music theme
  • 31.
  • 32.
    INDONESIANS and social media Source:Multiple Resources in On Device Research, 2013 People are using social media to make their voice heard It has a higher user-to-usage ratio than most other countries politicians are now taking social media seriously it got worldwide attention for politics-related discussion Social media creates a sense of community & IT’s Growing strong
  • 33.
    Source: eMarketer, August2012 social network 79.2 users (in million) % of internet users 80% 34.4 52.1 67.1 87.5% 92.3% 94.8% 2011 2012 2013 2014
  • 34.
    TOP Social Networks Source:comScore Media Metrix, March 2013 4.9% 5.9% 10.5% 26.4% 80.2% facebook twitter LinkedIn yahoo! Profile tumblR although Facebook is still very popular, its popularity may be declining among the digital savvy users in larger cities who are now turning to path
  • 35.
    photo Sharing sites handin hand with other social networking sites, photo sharing are becoming popular in the country Source: MMA & VSERV.mobi, The Mobile Internet Consumer Indonesia 2013 28.8% Reach of the category 7.1 min time spent per visitor
  • 36.
    social messaging Source: OnDevice Research, 2013 instant messaging has become a multi-faceted platform —where people can chat, play games and buy things- all in one place 43% whatsapp 37% blackberry chat line facebook messenger twitter Wechat kakaotalk Skype yahoo messenger 36% 23% 23% 20% 16% 16% 15% average instant messaging installed per person: 4.2. “indicate friends using different apps” and “having different features” are two biggest reasons for having multiple instant messaging apps.
  • 37.
    Indonesians have caught Intothe sticker culture Source: On Device Research, 2013 and 19% of sticker users have paid for them at least once 46% use daily 84% have used at least once 13% do not use
  • 38.
  • 39.
    Source: TechinAsia, November2013 E-commerce stats 29.8%penetration 4.6million have shopped in 2013 1.8billion $ spent in 2013
  • 40.
    users (in million) %of internet users 17.5% 43 2011 2012 201520142013 2016 59.6 74.6 83.6 93.4 102.8 24% 29.8% 33% 36.5% 39.8% Source: eMarketer, March 2013 Market Growth
  • 41.
    Source: APJII, IndonesianInternet Profile, Dec 2012 shopping behaviour clothing handphone plane/show ticketS laptop & Acc bags books electronics shoes 77.1% 2.1% 8.7% 3.8% 11.1% 5.2% 2.2% 5% 39.1% 17.8% 16.9% 16.1% 1.4% 11% 9% 8.8% fashion and female are the top category & buyer respectively
  • 42.
    Market reluctance Source: APJII,Indonesian Internet Profile, December 2012 2.4% 4% 4.1% 4.7% 5.2% 6% 9.3% 12.7% 13.8% 21.5% 34.6%fear of fraud items cannot be touched/seen high prices not interested/not needed quality of products is not guaranteed do not know how not practical items do not match offer items are not in accordance with anyone’s liking items do not match picture long process
  • 43.
    payment method Source: IndonesiaCredit Card Association, 2013 57% bank transfer 7% credit card 28% cash on delivery 8% others bank transfer is still the most preferred method of payment because many users are still unfamiliar with online payment and worry about online security
  • 44.
    Source: Veritrans &Daily Social, eCommerce in Indonesia, August 2012, eComScore Metrix, March 2013 Majority of digital buyers prefer C2c model. Seller & Buyer negotiation made through any platforms, including phone calLs, SMS, Facebook, BBM, Whatsapp & Twitter top 10 sites for online purchase in 2012 1 Facebook 50% 2 Kaskus 49.2% 3 Disdus 19.5% 4 Toko Bagus 13.6% 5 Deal Keren 11.9% 6 Amazon 8.9% 7 E-Bay 8.5% 8 Bhinneka 5.5% 9 Multiply 5.5% 10 Blibli 4.7% Growing player in 2013 with 84% growth from Sep 2012 to Mar 2013
  • 45.
    Source: PriceArea.Com, 2013 keyPlayers c2c categoryB2c category 2013
  • 46.
    indonesia in spotlights internet usernumber in indonesia still grows at a high pace in the past years, and is still dominated by younger generation. although indonesians have already adopted multiple platforms and devices, mobile phone is still the key of internet penetration in the country. Social networking and entertainment still capture majority of online activities across platforms in which Facebook and Youtube continue to be the number one in the category respectively. SOCIAL Messaging receives positive acceptance and provides opportunities to be monetised. e-commerce is beginning to capture indonesian market and provides a lots of headroom for growth. both B2C and c2c model shows positive growth although securitY remains an issue that prevented the audience to shop online.
  • 47.