Indiffrence-curve
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•69 views
1. An indifference curve represents combinations of two goods that provide a consumer with equal satisfaction or utility. 2. Indifference curves have specific properties - they slope downward, are convex to the origin, and do not intersect with each other. Higher indifference curves represent greater satisfaction. 3. The indifference curve theory is based on assumptions including that the consumer has a fixed budget to spend on two goods, has not reached satiety, can rank utilities ordinally, and has a diminishing marginal rate of substitution between goods.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Indifference Curve Theory | indifference curve | indifferece curve graph
Indifference curve theory assumes that consumers will seek to maximize satisfaction when purchasing two goods given a fixed budget. An indifference curve represents all combinations of two goods that provide equal satisfaction. Properties of indifference curves include sloping downward to the right, being convex to the origin, and not intersecting, with higher curves representing greater satisfaction. The theory aims to explain consumer equilibrium when choosing between multiple options under scarcity.
Consumer behaviour and anaylsis of demand
An anaylsis of consumer behaviour i.e. how much they are rational in taking decision in term of consumption of the commodities.
Indifference curve
a curve on a graph (the axes of which represent quantities of two commodities) linking those combinations of quantities which the consumer regards as of equal value.
Presentation on Indifference Curve
A PowerPoint Presentation about Indifference Curve of Economics. Everyone should know about Indifference Curve. So watch it, download it and make your own from it.
Indifference Curve Approach.pptx
Indifference curves were first developed by Francis Ysidro Edgeworth and used by Vilfredo Pareto to show combinations of goods that provide equal utility to a consumer. Each point on an indifference curve indicates equal satisfaction. Indifference curves slope downward, are convex, do not intersect, and higher curves represent higher satisfaction levels. Consumer equilibrium occurs where a consumer maximizes satisfaction given prices and income. A price change leads to substitution and income effects that impact the quantity demanded. Revealed preference theory, developed by Paul Samuelson, studies actual consumer behavior and assumes utility as ordinal.
Ordinal utility indifference curve properties and MRS
This document discusses the ordinal approach to measuring utility using indifference curves. It provides definitions and properties of indifference curves, including:
1) Indifference curves represent combinations of two goods that provide the same level of satisfaction or utility.
2) Indifference curves have a negative slope and are convex to the origin, showing that goods are imperfect substitutes and the marginal rate of substitution decreases along the curve.
3) Higher indifference curves represent higher levels of satisfaction or utility, as they contain more of one or both goods.
10. Utility, Indifference curve and Budget line.ppt
The document discusses concepts related to consumer behavior theory including utility, marginal utility, indifference curves, and budget constraints. It defines key terms, outlines assumptions, and describes properties and implications. Specifically, it explains that indifference curves represent combinations of goods that provide equal utility, have a negative slope and convex shape, and do not intersect. The budget line shows affordable combinations given prices and income. Consumer equilibrium occurs at the tangency point of the highest attainable indifference curve and an individual's budget line.
Indiffernece Curve Analysis.pdf
This document discusses indifference curve analysis and the properties of indifference curves. It begins by summarizing criticisms of utility analysis and introducing indifference curve (IC) analysis as an alternative based on ordinal utility. The key points are:
- An indifference curve represents combinations of two goods that provide the same level of satisfaction or utility to the consumer.
- The assumptions of IC analysis include rationality, ordinal utility, and diminishing marginal rate of substitution.
- Properties of ICs include: downward sloping from left to right; convex shape; not touching the x- or y-axes; not intersecting each other; and higher curves representing higher satisfaction.
- The marginal rate of substitution is the amount of one
Recommended
Indifference Curve Theory | indifference curve | indifferece curve graph
Indifference curve theory assumes that consumers will seek to maximize satisfaction when purchasing two goods given a fixed budget. An indifference curve represents all combinations of two goods that provide equal satisfaction. Properties of indifference curves include sloping downward to the right, being convex to the origin, and not intersecting, with higher curves representing greater satisfaction. The theory aims to explain consumer equilibrium when choosing between multiple options under scarcity.
Consumer behaviour and anaylsis of demand
An anaylsis of consumer behaviour i.e. how much they are rational in taking decision in term of consumption of the commodities.
Indifference curve
a curve on a graph (the axes of which represent quantities of two commodities) linking those combinations of quantities which the consumer regards as of equal value.
Presentation on Indifference Curve
A PowerPoint Presentation about Indifference Curve of Economics. Everyone should know about Indifference Curve. So watch it, download it and make your own from it.
Indifference Curve Approach.pptx
Indifference curves were first developed by Francis Ysidro Edgeworth and used by Vilfredo Pareto to show combinations of goods that provide equal utility to a consumer. Each point on an indifference curve indicates equal satisfaction. Indifference curves slope downward, are convex, do not intersect, and higher curves represent higher satisfaction levels. Consumer equilibrium occurs where a consumer maximizes satisfaction given prices and income. A price change leads to substitution and income effects that impact the quantity demanded. Revealed preference theory, developed by Paul Samuelson, studies actual consumer behavior and assumes utility as ordinal.
Ordinal utility indifference curve properties and MRS
This document discusses the ordinal approach to measuring utility using indifference curves. It provides definitions and properties of indifference curves, including:
1) Indifference curves represent combinations of two goods that provide the same level of satisfaction or utility.
2) Indifference curves have a negative slope and are convex to the origin, showing that goods are imperfect substitutes and the marginal rate of substitution decreases along the curve.
3) Higher indifference curves represent higher levels of satisfaction or utility, as they contain more of one or both goods.
10. Utility, Indifference curve and Budget line.ppt
The document discusses concepts related to consumer behavior theory including utility, marginal utility, indifference curves, and budget constraints. It defines key terms, outlines assumptions, and describes properties and implications. Specifically, it explains that indifference curves represent combinations of goods that provide equal utility, have a negative slope and convex shape, and do not intersect. The budget line shows affordable combinations given prices and income. Consumer equilibrium occurs at the tangency point of the highest attainable indifference curve and an individual's budget line.
Indiffernece Curve Analysis.pdf
This document discusses indifference curve analysis and the properties of indifference curves. It begins by summarizing criticisms of utility analysis and introducing indifference curve (IC) analysis as an alternative based on ordinal utility. The key points are:
- An indifference curve represents combinations of two goods that provide the same level of satisfaction or utility to the consumer.
- The assumptions of IC analysis include rationality, ordinal utility, and diminishing marginal rate of substitution.
- Properties of ICs include: downward sloping from left to right; convex shape; not touching the x- or y-axes; not intersecting each other; and higher curves representing higher satisfaction.
- The marginal rate of substitution is the amount of one
Consumer surplus
Consumer's surplus is the excess of the price that a consumer would be willing to pay for a good over the actual price paid, according to its originator Alfred Marshall. It is measured using indifference curve analysis, which maps consumers' preferences for different combinations of goods through indifference curves that depict equal levels of satisfaction. A consumer achieves equilibrium when their budget constraint is tangent to the highest possible indifference curve, where the marginal rate of substitution between two goods equals the ratio of their prices.
Consumer Equilibrium by Indifference Curve Analysis
This document provides an overview of consumer equilibrium through indifference curve analysis. It defines key concepts such as indifference curves, which represent combinations of goods that provide equal satisfaction to a consumer; indifference maps, which depict a consumer's complete preferences through a set of indifference curves; and budget lines, which show the combinations of two goods that can be purchased with a fixed income and prices. It explains that consumer equilibrium is reached at the point where the budget line is tangent to the highest attainable indifference curve, maximizing satisfaction within a limited budget.
Economics-I UNIT 1 2 3 4 CPJ FAIRFIELD NOTES
This document provides an overview of microeconomics topics related to demand and supply, including the theories of demand, law of demand, demand function, elasticity of demand and supply, consumer equilibrium using utility and indifference curve approaches, and the law of demand. It defines key concepts such as utility, total utility, marginal utility, indifference curves, budget line, and examines how factors like price, income, tastes, and expectations influence individual demand. Exceptions to the law of demand like Giffen goods are also briefly discussed.
theoryofconsumerbehavior-151109140500-lva1-app6891 (1) (1).pptx
The document discusses the theory of consumer behavior and demand. It explains that consumers attempt to maximize their utility by allocating their limited income among goods. Utility can be measured cardinally using utils or ordinally using indifference curves. Consumer equilibrium occurs when marginal utility per rupee is equal for all goods, or when the indifference curve is tangent to the budget line. A change in prices or income can shift the budget line, impacting the consumer's optimal choice.
Eco chapt 3.pptx
This chapter discusses consumer preference and behavior in consuming goods and services. It explains that consumers can strictly prefer one bundle over another or be indifferent between bundles. Utility is defined as the satisfaction obtained from consumption and is subjective. The two main theories of utility are the cardinal and ordinal approaches. The cardinal view attempts to quantify utility while the ordinal recognizes utility can only be ranked. Indifference curves and budget constraints are used to explain how consumers maximize utility subject to their income. At the point of equilibrium, the marginal rate of substitution equals the price ratio between goods.
INDIFFERENCE CURVE APPROACH.pptx
The document discusses indifference curves and their properties:
1) An indifference curve represents combinations of two goods that provide equal satisfaction to a consumer, with the curve sloping downward and being convex due to diminishing marginal rates of substitution.
2) Indifference curves never intersect, with higher curves representing greater satisfaction and no curve touching the x or y axis.
3) An example shows a consumer with Rs. 40 to spend on Good X at Rs. 8 per unit and Good Y at Rs. 4 per unit, identifying potential combinations that can be purchased.
Indifference curve analysis
The document discusses indifference curves, which represent combinations of goods that provide equal satisfaction to a consumer. It defines indifference curves and outlines their key properties, including downward sloping curves that do not intersect. The document also explains how to construct indifference curves from indifference schedules and maps. It discusses the concept of marginal rate of substitution and how it diminishes along indifference curves. Finally, the document analyzes consumer equilibrium, where the slope of the indifference curve equals the slope of the price line.
Indifference Curve Analysis. lesson 3.pptx
Indifference curve analysis uses indifference curves and budget constraints to represent consumer preferences and determine consumer equilibrium. Indifference curves depict combinations of goods that provide equal satisfaction, while budget constraints show affordable combinations given prices and income. Consumer equilibrium occurs where an indifference curve is tangent to the budget constraint, indicating the most preferred affordable combination of goods.
Indifference Curve
Given by J.R. Hicks and R.G.D. Allen.
It is a reconsideration of the theory of Value. Again it was reproduced Indifference Curve theory of Consumer's demand in "Value and Capital" by Hicks.
CONSUMERS_EQUILIBRIUM_AND_DEMAND.pptx
This document discusses key concepts in consumer demand and equilibrium. It defines demand as the quantity a consumer is able and willing to purchase at a given price. The law of demand states that demand is inversely related to price - as price rises, demand falls. A demand curve graphs this relationship between price and quantity demanded. Consumer equilibrium occurs where marginal utility per rupee spent is equal across goods, which is the point where an indifference curve is tangent to the budget line. Indifference curves represent combinations of goods that provide equal utility, while the budget line shows affordable combinations given prices and income.
Microeconomcis Indifference Analysis
The document defines and explains key concepts in consumer theory, including indifference curves, indifference schedules, indifference maps, marginal rate of substitution, and budget lines. It discusses how indifference curves represent combinations of goods that provide equal utility to a consumer and have specific properties like being negatively sloped and convex. It also explains how budget lines constrain consumer choices based on income and prices and how consumers will choose the optimal bundle on the budget line where their preferred indifference curve is just tangent.
Theory of consumer behavior
Key concepts covered include the law of diminishing marginal utility, the principle of equi-marginal utility, properties of indifference curves, and how budget lines represent the constraints consumers face when making choices.
Consumer Behavior in agricultural consumption.pptx
This document discusses key concepts in consumer behavior including:
1. Consumer preferences are evaluations consumers make about products based on factors like quality, price, and taste. Preferences are assumed to be complete, transitive, and where more is better than less.
2. Budget constraints graphically represent all combinations of goods that can be purchased with a given income and prices. Changes in income or prices shift the budget line in or out.
3. Consumers make choices to maximize satisfaction within their budget constraint by locating their preferred bundle on the budget line.
Ordinal utility Managerial Economics
This document discusses indifference curve analysis, which is an approach to consumer choice developed by Edgeworth and later preferred by Hicks and Allen. It assumes consumers express their preferences over bundles of goods through indifference curves rather than quantifying utility. The key points are:
- An indifference curve represents combinations of two goods that provide equal satisfaction or utility to a consumer.
- Indifference curves have a negative slope and are convex, with the marginal rate of substitution decreasing along the curve.
- Higher indifference curves correspond to higher levels of satisfaction.
- An indifference schedule and map are used to graphically represent a consumer's preferences between combinations of goods.
4 Demand Analysis.ppt
1) Demand analysis examines how consumer demand for a product is determined based on factors like price, income, tastes, and prices of substitutes and complements. Consumer demand at the individual and market level can be modeled using demand functions.
2) At the individual level, consumers aim to maximize utility subject to a budget constraint. They allocate spending across goods until the marginal utility per rupee is equal for all goods. At the market level, demand is the sum of individual demands and is influenced by price, income, population, and other factors.
3) Demand functions express the quantitative relationship between demand for a product and its determinants. They can be linear or nonlinear. The slope of the linear demand
Indifference curves
This document discusses indifference curves and their use in analyzing consumer choice and utility maximization. It begins by explaining the concepts of cardinal and ordinal utility. It then covers key aspects of indifference curve analysis including the properties and shape of indifference curves, indifference maps, budget constraints, consumer equilibrium, substitution and income effects, and Engel curves. The document provides definitions and diagrams to illustrate these microeconomics concepts.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR.pptx
Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behaviour consists of how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour.
ORDINAL UTILITY APPROACH PPT NEW.pptx
The document discusses the ordinal utility approach to consumer behavior. It summarizes that the ordinal utility approach assumes utility can only be ranked qualitatively rather than measured cardinally. The key tools of the ordinal approach are indifference curves, which show combinations of goods that provide equal utility, and the budget line, which shows affordable combinations given prices and income. Consumer equilibrium occurs where the indifference curve is tangent to the budget line, indicating the highest attainable utility given constraints.
Consumer equilibrium.pptx
1) Utility theory holds that consumers seek to maximize their satisfaction or utility when making choices. Utility depends on context like location and season.
2) The ordinal utility approach believes utility cannot be quantitatively measured, only ranked based on preference. Consumers determine preference order among bundles of goods.
3) A budget line graphically shows all combinations of two goods a consumer can afford given prices and income that equal their budget. It has a negative slope equal to the price ratio of goods. Where it is tangent to an indifference curve is the consumer's equilibrium choice.
Indifference Curve
Indifference curves show combinations of goods that provide consumers with the same level of utility or satisfaction. They are convex and bowed inward, reflecting the principle of diminishing marginal utility. The slope of the indifference curve represents the marginal rate of substitution, which declines as consumption increases along the curve. An indifference map uses a series of indifference curves to represent different utility levels. Budget lines show affordable combinations given prices and income. The point where the highest indifference curve is tangent to the budget line indicates the utility-maximizing choice.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial Reports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
More Related Content
Similar to Indiffrence-curve
Consumer surplus
Consumer's surplus is the excess of the price that a consumer would be willing to pay for a good over the actual price paid, according to its originator Alfred Marshall. It is measured using indifference curve analysis, which maps consumers' preferences for different combinations of goods through indifference curves that depict equal levels of satisfaction. A consumer achieves equilibrium when their budget constraint is tangent to the highest possible indifference curve, where the marginal rate of substitution between two goods equals the ratio of their prices.
Consumer Equilibrium by Indifference Curve Analysis
This document provides an overview of consumer equilibrium through indifference curve analysis. It defines key concepts such as indifference curves, which represent combinations of goods that provide equal satisfaction to a consumer; indifference maps, which depict a consumer's complete preferences through a set of indifference curves; and budget lines, which show the combinations of two goods that can be purchased with a fixed income and prices. It explains that consumer equilibrium is reached at the point where the budget line is tangent to the highest attainable indifference curve, maximizing satisfaction within a limited budget.
Economics-I UNIT 1 2 3 4 CPJ FAIRFIELD NOTES
This document provides an overview of microeconomics topics related to demand and supply, including the theories of demand, law of demand, demand function, elasticity of demand and supply, consumer equilibrium using utility and indifference curve approaches, and the law of demand. It defines key concepts such as utility, total utility, marginal utility, indifference curves, budget line, and examines how factors like price, income, tastes, and expectations influence individual demand. Exceptions to the law of demand like Giffen goods are also briefly discussed.
theoryofconsumerbehavior-151109140500-lva1-app6891 (1) (1).pptx
The document discusses the theory of consumer behavior and demand. It explains that consumers attempt to maximize their utility by allocating their limited income among goods. Utility can be measured cardinally using utils or ordinally using indifference curves. Consumer equilibrium occurs when marginal utility per rupee is equal for all goods, or when the indifference curve is tangent to the budget line. A change in prices or income can shift the budget line, impacting the consumer's optimal choice.
Eco chapt 3.pptx
This chapter discusses consumer preference and behavior in consuming goods and services. It explains that consumers can strictly prefer one bundle over another or be indifferent between bundles. Utility is defined as the satisfaction obtained from consumption and is subjective. The two main theories of utility are the cardinal and ordinal approaches. The cardinal view attempts to quantify utility while the ordinal recognizes utility can only be ranked. Indifference curves and budget constraints are used to explain how consumers maximize utility subject to their income. At the point of equilibrium, the marginal rate of substitution equals the price ratio between goods.
INDIFFERENCE CURVE APPROACH.pptx
The document discusses indifference curves and their properties:
1) An indifference curve represents combinations of two goods that provide equal satisfaction to a consumer, with the curve sloping downward and being convex due to diminishing marginal rates of substitution.
2) Indifference curves never intersect, with higher curves representing greater satisfaction and no curve touching the x or y axis.
3) An example shows a consumer with Rs. 40 to spend on Good X at Rs. 8 per unit and Good Y at Rs. 4 per unit, identifying potential combinations that can be purchased.
Indifference curve analysis
The document discusses indifference curves, which represent combinations of goods that provide equal satisfaction to a consumer. It defines indifference curves and outlines their key properties, including downward sloping curves that do not intersect. The document also explains how to construct indifference curves from indifference schedules and maps. It discusses the concept of marginal rate of substitution and how it diminishes along indifference curves. Finally, the document analyzes consumer equilibrium, where the slope of the indifference curve equals the slope of the price line.
Indifference Curve Analysis. lesson 3.pptx
Indifference curve analysis uses indifference curves and budget constraints to represent consumer preferences and determine consumer equilibrium. Indifference curves depict combinations of goods that provide equal satisfaction, while budget constraints show affordable combinations given prices and income. Consumer equilibrium occurs where an indifference curve is tangent to the budget constraint, indicating the most preferred affordable combination of goods.
Indifference Curve
Given by J.R. Hicks and R.G.D. Allen.
It is a reconsideration of the theory of Value. Again it was reproduced Indifference Curve theory of Consumer's demand in "Value and Capital" by Hicks.
CONSUMERS_EQUILIBRIUM_AND_DEMAND.pptx
This document discusses key concepts in consumer demand and equilibrium. It defines demand as the quantity a consumer is able and willing to purchase at a given price. The law of demand states that demand is inversely related to price - as price rises, demand falls. A demand curve graphs this relationship between price and quantity demanded. Consumer equilibrium occurs where marginal utility per rupee spent is equal across goods, which is the point where an indifference curve is tangent to the budget line. Indifference curves represent combinations of goods that provide equal utility, while the budget line shows affordable combinations given prices and income.
Microeconomcis Indifference Analysis
The document defines and explains key concepts in consumer theory, including indifference curves, indifference schedules, indifference maps, marginal rate of substitution, and budget lines. It discusses how indifference curves represent combinations of goods that provide equal utility to a consumer and have specific properties like being negatively sloped and convex. It also explains how budget lines constrain consumer choices based on income and prices and how consumers will choose the optimal bundle on the budget line where their preferred indifference curve is just tangent.
Theory of consumer behavior
Key concepts covered include the law of diminishing marginal utility, the principle of equi-marginal utility, properties of indifference curves, and how budget lines represent the constraints consumers face when making choices.
Consumer Behavior in agricultural consumption.pptx
This document discusses key concepts in consumer behavior including:
1. Consumer preferences are evaluations consumers make about products based on factors like quality, price, and taste. Preferences are assumed to be complete, transitive, and where more is better than less.
2. Budget constraints graphically represent all combinations of goods that can be purchased with a given income and prices. Changes in income or prices shift the budget line in or out.
3. Consumers make choices to maximize satisfaction within their budget constraint by locating their preferred bundle on the budget line.
Ordinal utility Managerial Economics
This document discusses indifference curve analysis, which is an approach to consumer choice developed by Edgeworth and later preferred by Hicks and Allen. It assumes consumers express their preferences over bundles of goods through indifference curves rather than quantifying utility. The key points are:
- An indifference curve represents combinations of two goods that provide equal satisfaction or utility to a consumer.
- Indifference curves have a negative slope and are convex, with the marginal rate of substitution decreasing along the curve.
- Higher indifference curves correspond to higher levels of satisfaction.
- An indifference schedule and map are used to graphically represent a consumer's preferences between combinations of goods.
4 Demand Analysis.ppt
1) Demand analysis examines how consumer demand for a product is determined based on factors like price, income, tastes, and prices of substitutes and complements. Consumer demand at the individual and market level can be modeled using demand functions.
2) At the individual level, consumers aim to maximize utility subject to a budget constraint. They allocate spending across goods until the marginal utility per rupee is equal for all goods. At the market level, demand is the sum of individual demands and is influenced by price, income, population, and other factors.
3) Demand functions express the quantitative relationship between demand for a product and its determinants. They can be linear or nonlinear. The slope of the linear demand
Indifference curves
This document discusses indifference curves and their use in analyzing consumer choice and utility maximization. It begins by explaining the concepts of cardinal and ordinal utility. It then covers key aspects of indifference curve analysis including the properties and shape of indifference curves, indifference maps, budget constraints, consumer equilibrium, substitution and income effects, and Engel curves. The document provides definitions and diagrams to illustrate these microeconomics concepts.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR.pptx
Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behaviour consists of how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour.
ORDINAL UTILITY APPROACH PPT NEW.pptx
The document discusses the ordinal utility approach to consumer behavior. It summarizes that the ordinal utility approach assumes utility can only be ranked qualitatively rather than measured cardinally. The key tools of the ordinal approach are indifference curves, which show combinations of goods that provide equal utility, and the budget line, which shows affordable combinations given prices and income. Consumer equilibrium occurs where the indifference curve is tangent to the budget line, indicating the highest attainable utility given constraints.
Consumer equilibrium.pptx
1) Utility theory holds that consumers seek to maximize their satisfaction or utility when making choices. Utility depends on context like location and season.
2) The ordinal utility approach believes utility cannot be quantitatively measured, only ranked based on preference. Consumers determine preference order among bundles of goods.
3) A budget line graphically shows all combinations of two goods a consumer can afford given prices and income that equal their budget. It has a negative slope equal to the price ratio of goods. Where it is tangent to an indifference curve is the consumer's equilibrium choice.
Indifference Curve
Indifference curves show combinations of goods that provide consumers with the same level of utility or satisfaction. They are convex and bowed inward, reflecting the principle of diminishing marginal utility. The slope of the indifference curve represents the marginal rate of substitution, which declines as consumption increases along the curve. An indifference map uses a series of indifference curves to represent different utility levels. Budget lines show affordable combinations given prices and income. The point where the highest indifference curve is tangent to the budget line indicates the utility-maximizing choice.
Similar to Indiffrence-curve (20)
Consumer Equilibrium by Indifference Curve Analysis
Consumer Equilibrium by Indifference Curve Analysis
theoryofconsumerbehavior-151109140500-lva1-app6891 (1) (1).pptx
theoryofconsumerbehavior-151109140500-lva1-app6891 (1) (1).pptx
Consumer Behavior in agricultural consumption.pptx
Consumer Behavior in agricultural consumption.pptx
Recently uploaded
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial Reports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strategies
1：1制作加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
1.2 Business Ideas Business Ideas Busine
Business Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas Powerpoint
一比一原版(GWU,GW毕业证)加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证如何办理
GWU,GW毕业证录取书【微信95270640】一比一伪造加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校文凭@假冒GWU,GW毕业证成绩单+Q微信95270640办理GWU,GW学位证书@仿造GWU,GW毕业文凭证书@购买加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单GWU,GW真实使馆认证/真实留信认证回国人员证明
全套服务：加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单真实回国人员证明 #真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足#铸就十年品质！信誉！实体公司！可以视频看办公环境样板如需办理真实可查可以先到公司面谈勿轻信小中介黑作坊！
可以提供加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校钢印 #水印 #烫金 #激光防伪 #凹凸版 #最新版的毕业证 #百分之百让您绝对满意
印刷DHL快递毕业证 #成绩单7个工作日真实大使馆教育部认证1个月。为了达到高水准高效率
请您先以qq或微信的方式对我们的服务进行了解后如果有加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单帮助再进行电话咨询。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单如何办理：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。口水苦涩无比山娃一边游泳一边念念不忘那元门票尤令山娃气愤的是泳池老板居然硬让父亲买了一大一小二条巴掌般大的裤衩衩走出泳池山娃感觉透身粘粘乎乎散发着药水味有点痒山娃顿时留恋起家乡的小河潺潺活水清凉无比日子就这样孤寂而快乐地过着寂寞之余山娃最神往最开心就是晚上无论多晚多累父亲总要携山娃出去兜风逛夜市流光溢彩人潮涌动的都市夜生活总让山娃目不暇接惊叹不已父亲老问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦在
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership Networks
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
快速办理(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdf
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trendsLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
How will new technology fields affect economic trade?
一比一原版(UCL毕业证)伦敦大学|学院毕业证如何办理
UCL硕士学位证成绩单【微信95270640】《如何办理伦敦大学|学院毕业证认证》【办证Q微信95270640】《伦敦大学|学院文凭毕业证制作》《UCL学历学位证书哪里买》办理伦敦大学|学院学位证书扫描件、办理伦敦大学|学院雅思证书！
国际留学归国服务中心《如何办伦敦大学|学院毕业证认证》《UCL学位证书扫描件哪里买》实体公司，注册经营，行业标杆，精益求精！
专业为留学生办理伦敦大学|学院伦敦大学|学院毕业证offer【100%存档可查】留学全套申请材料办理。本公司承诺所有毕业证成绩单成品全部按照学校原版工艺对照一比一制作和学校一样的羊皮纸张保证您证书的质量！
如果你回国在学历认证方面有以下难题请联系我们我们将竭诚为你解决认证瓶颈
1所有材料真实但资料不全无法提供完全齐整的原件。【如：成绩单丶毕业证丶回国证明等材料中有遗失的。】
2获得真实的国外最终学历学位但国外本科学历就读经历存在问题或缺陷。【如：国外本科是教育部不承认的或者是联合办学项目教育部没有备案的或者外本科没有正常毕业的。】
3学分转移联合办学等情况复杂不知道怎么整理材料的。时间紧迫自己不清楚递交流程的。
如果你是以上情况之一请联系我们我们将在第一时间内给你免费咨询相关信息。我们将帮助你整理认证所需的各种材料.帮你解决国外学历认证难题。
国外伦敦大学|学院伦敦大学|学院毕业证offer办理方法：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询伦敦大学|学院伦敦大学|学院毕业证offer）；
2开始安排制作伦敦大学|学院毕业证成绩单电子图；
3伦敦大学|学院毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4伦敦大学|学院毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5伦敦大学|学院成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一上床就呼呼大睡山娃却辗转反侧睡不着山娃一次又一次摸索着爬起来一遍又一遍地用暖乎乎的冷水擦身往水泥地板上一勺一勺的洒水也不知过了多久山娃竟迷迷糊糊地睡着了迷迷糊糊地又闻到了闹钟刺耳的铃声和哐咣的关门声待山娃醒来时父亲早已上班去了床头总们
Recently uploaded (20)
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership Networks
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership Networks
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
Tumelo-deep-dive-into-pass-through-voting-Feb23 (1).pdf
Tumelo-deep-dive-into-pass-through-voting-Feb23 (1).pdf
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
Indiffrence-curve
- 1. INDIFFERENCE CURVE - Pulkit Choudhary
- 2. Indifference Curve Indifference curve may be defined as locus of points, each representing a different combination of two substitute goods, which yield the same utility or level of satisfaction to the consumer. • Explains behavior of consumer in terms of his preferences. • An indifference curve is a graph showing combination of two goods that give the consumer equal satisfaction and utility. • Each point on an indifference curve indicates that a consumer is indifferent between the two and all points give him the same utility.
- 3. Combination Units of Y Units of X Total Utility A 25 3 U B 15 6 U C 8 9 U D 4 12 U E 2 15 U Indifference Curve Indifference Map Indifference curve is derived from indifference schedule.
- 4. Properties Of Indifference Curve Negatively sloping/Slope downwards. Convex to the origin. Never intersect with one another. Higher the indifference curve represent a higher level of satisfaction.
- 5. . 1. Indifference Curve Slope Downwards to Right: • An indifference curve can neither be horizontal line nor an upward sloping curve. This is very important. • When a consumer wants to have more of a commodity, he/she will have to give up some of the other commodity, given that the consumer remains on the same level of utility at constant income. • As a result, the indifference curve slopes downward from left to right.
- 6. . 2. Indifference Curve is Convex to the Origin: • It is This is an important property of indifference curves. They are convex to the origin (bowed inward). This is equivalent to saying that as the consumer substitutes commodity X for commodity Y, the marginal rate of substitution diminishes of X for Y along an indifference curve. • In this figure as the consumer moves from A to B to C to D, the willingness to substitute good X for good Y diminishes. This means that as the amount of good X is increased by equal amounts, that of good Y diminishes by smaller amounts. The marginal rate of substitution of X for Y is the quantity of Y good that the consumer is willing to give up to gain a marginal unit of good X. The slope of IC is negative convex to the origin.
- 7. . 3. Indifference Curve Cannot Intersect Each Other: • Each indifference curve is a representation of particular level of satisfaction. • The level of satisfaction of the consumer for any given combination of two goods is same throughout the curve, that's why indifference curve cannot intersect each other.
- 8. . 4. Higher Indifference Curve Represents Higher level of Satisfaction: • Higher the indifference curves, higher will be the level of satisfaction. This means any combination of two goods on the higher curve give higher level of satisfaction to the consumer then the lower one.
- 9. Assumptions of Indifference Curve The indifference curve theory is based on some assumptions. These assumptions are – •Two Commodities: It is assumed that the consumer has fixed amount of money, all of which is to be spent only on two goods while prices of both goods are constant. •Non Satiety: Satiety means full satisfaction. Indifference curve theory assume that the consumer has hot yet reached the point of satiety. It implies that the consumer still has the will to consume more of both the goods. ❖ Ordinal Utility: According to this theory, utility is a psychological phenomenon and thus it is unquantifiable. However, the theory assumes that a consumer can express utility in terms of rank. The consumer can do it by the basis of satisfaction yielded from each combination of goods. •Diminishing Marginal Rate of Substitution: Marginal rate of substitution may be defined as the amount of a commodity that a consumer is willing to trade off for another commodity, as long as the second commodity provides the same level of utility as the first one. •Rational Consumer: A consumer always behaves in a rational manner, .e. a consumer always aims to maximize his total satisfaction.
- 10. . .