This document provides guidance on developing indicators to measure the success of social and behaviour change programs. It defines indicators as things or changes that are measured, such as the number of STI tests conducted or changes in condom use. The document outlines different types of indicators including outputs, outcomes, impact, and stages of change. It recommends prioritizing the selection of a few key indicators at each level, such as the percentage of the target audience who adopt the promoted behavior for an outcome indicator. Global indicators for HIV projects and common output indicators for social and behavior change programs are also presented.

1. INDICATORS
MADE EASY!!!
Measuring the Success of social and behaviour
change (SBCC) progarms

2. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
What are INDICATORS?
 THINGS or CHANGES you measure
 petrol gauge = INDICATOR of how much gas you
have used/have left
 # STI tests done = INDICATOR of how much your
audience has responded to your messages
 things you measure = outputs
 changes you measure = outcomes

3. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
indicators
Who has seen the wind?
Neither you nor I.
But where the trees bow down their heads,
The wind is passing by
(The Wind, Chiristina Rosetti, 1830-1894)

4. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
INDICATORS
 already exist.
 cut & paste!!!!

5. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
GLOBAL INDICATORS (for HIV
projects)
INDICATOR SHORT VERSION
% men & women 15 – 24 years received HIV (STI) test
in last 12 months and who know their results
Testing
% men & women 15 – 24 years who have had sexual
intercourse before the age of 15 years
Sexual debut
% men & women 15 – 24 years who have had sexual
intercourse with more than one sexual partner in the
last 12 months
Multiple
partners
% men & women 15 – 24 years who have had sexual
intercourse with more than one sexual partner in the
last 12 months reporting the use of condoms during
their last sexual intercourse
Consistent
condom use

6. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
LAYERS OF INDICATORS
1. By 2016, 5% increase in consistent condom use by sexually
active young people 15 – 19 years in Suva-Nausori corridor.
 % youth reporting condom use at last sex.
 # of condoms distributed
 # IEC materials distributed
 # peer educators trained
2. By 2016, 20% increase in sexually active young people 15 – 19
years in Suva-Nausori corridor who have ever tested for STIs.
 % young people in S-N corridor tested for STIs and received
results.
 # STI testing kits ordered & delivered to health centres
 # health centres reporting no stock-outs
 # young people visiting Hub Clinics

7. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
Indicators: COMMON SHC
OUTPUTS
 # pamphlets produced & # distributed (by location)
 # outreach events & # people attended (age/gender/location)
 # of visits to FP service delivery point(s)
 # STI tests performed (age/gender/location) & received results
 # peer motivators (newly) trained & active
 # youth reached through group-based peer education talks
(age/gender/geographic area)
 # condoms distributed & where, by whom
These come from your ACTIVITIES
These are insufficient…
what happened as a result of
outputs?

8. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
Indicators: OUTCOMES (results)
 % new acceptors to modern contraception continuing with FP
products = continuation rates of FP service acceptors
 % young people used condom at last sex
 % youth reporting intention to test for STIs as a result of
seeing/hearing/reading campaign messages
 % of young people that can recall key campaign messages
(message recall indicator)
 % youth reporting seeing/hearing campaign messages
(reach/coverage indicator)
These come from your OBJECTIVES

9. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
Indicators: IMPACT
Impact Indicators measure the change in the
problem, generally at population level, e.g.:
YOUP PROJECT ONLY CONTRIBUTES TO
IMPACT!
 Reduction in STI prevalence among youth
 Reduction in teenage pregnancy
 Increase in contraceptive prevalence rate
(CPR)

10. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
MOST IMPORTANT SHC
INDICATORS
 % audience who have adopted the behaviour
promoted.
 % target audience (TA) recognize personal risk of behaviour
(risk perception)
 % TA recall hearing or seeing campaign messages
 % TA with a specific attitude toward behaviour
 % TA feel confident could adopt promoted behaviour (skills)
 % TA who know of a product or service.
 % TA who intend to adopt the behaviour in the future.
 % TA who encouraged friends to adopt behaviour (advocacy)

11. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
• Problem …. What problem?
PRE-
KNOWLEDGE
• Mmmm, maybe I should do
something.
RISK
PERCEPTION
• OK, let me try ….PREPARATION
• That wasn’t too bad, I’ll try it again.ACTION
• This is part of my life now…MAINTENANCE
• I will help persuade others … will be
a champion for new behaviourADVOCACY
STAGES OF CHANGE

12. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
STAGES OF CHANGE
• I don’t know about STIs and how to
protect myselfNOT AWARE
• Now I know about STI transmission &
preventionAWARE
• Now I believe I can get an STI …BELIEVE AT RISK
• I need to protect myself … let me get
some condomsPREPARE TO ACT
• Using a condom wasn’t too bad, I’ll try it
again.ACT
• Using a condom is part of my life now…KEEP ACTING

13. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
PRIORITISE!!!
many things can be measured,
but not all measures are useful
!! select indicators !!
2 most important outcome indicators
3 most important output indicators

14. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int
CONTACT
Nicol Cave
Team Leader: Strategic Health Communication
Public Health Division
Secretariate of the Pacific Community (SPC)
nicolc@spc.int

15. Nicol Cave – nicolc@spc.int