Indian History and Indian army regiments

4. The British East India Company came to India as traders in spices, a very
important commodity in Europe back then as it was used to preserve meat. Apart
from that, they primarily traded in silk, cotton, indigo dye, tea and opium. They
landed in the Indian subcontinent on August 24, 1608, at the port of Surat.
Mughal emperor Jahangir granted a farman to Captain William Hawkins
permitting the English to erect a factory at Surat in 1613. In 1615, Thomas Roe,
the Ambassador to James I, got an imperial farman from Jahangir to trade and
establish factories all across the Mughal empire.

5. English traders frequently engaged in hostilities with their Dutch and Portuguese
counterparts in the Indian Ocean. The company achieved a major victory over
the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally in 1612, at Suvali in Surat. The company
decided to explore the feasibility of gaining a territorial foothold in mainland
India, with official sanction from both Britain and the Mughal Empire, and
requested that the Crown launch a diplomatic mission.The company, which had
established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay – Portugal later ceded Bombay to England
as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza on her marriage to King Charles II. The East
India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company (VOC)
on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure EIC ports in
China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras(1639), Bombay (1668),
and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of
a factor or master merchant and governor, and 90 employees in India. The major factories
became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay
Castle.

7. From 1850 to 1947 India's GDP in 1990 international dollars grew from $125.7 billion to $213.7
billion, a 70% increase or an average annual growth rate of 0.55%. This was a higher rate of growth
than during the Mughal era from 1600 to 1700 where it had grown by 22%, an annual growth rate of
0.20%. Or the longer period of mostly British East Indian company rule from 1700 to 1850 where it
grown 39% or 0.22% annual.
British investors built a modern railway system in the late 19th century—it became
the then fourth largest in the world and was renowned for quality of construction
and service. The government was supportive, realising its value for military use,
as well as its value for economic growth. All the funding and management came
from private British companies. The railways at first were privately owned and
operated, and run by British administrators, engineers and skilled craftsmen. At
first, only the unskilled workers were Indians.

8. .

9. Warren Hastings (1732-
1818)
20 October 1773
East India Company (1773–
1858)
John Macpherson (acting)
(1745–1821)
8 February 1785
Charles Cornwallis The
Marquess Cornwallis
(1738–1805)
12 September 1786
John Shore (1751–1834) 28 October 1793

14. BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY
• A British company that basically ran India.
• Gained control after a decisive victory at the Battle of
Plassy in 1757
• Controlled an area that included modern
Bangladesh, most of southern India, and nearly all
the territory along the Ganges River in the north.
• Cotton cloth woven by Indian weavers imported into Britain in
huge quantities to supply a worldwide demand for cheap,
washable, lightweight fabrics for dresses and furnishings.
•This private profit-seeking corporation was allowed by the
British government to rule India by itself through Company Rule in
which the British government allowed it to act as
representatives of the British and make laws as it saw fit in the
areas of India it controlled.
•Gained control after a decisive victory at the Battle of Plassey in
1757
•Worked with compliant Indian leaders to get rich trading India’s
cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, tea and opium.

24. Bhagat Singh 28 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was an
Indian socialist revolutionary whose two acts of dramatic
violence against the British in India and execution at age 23
made him a folk hero of the Indian independence movement.

27. The Special forces of India refer to those Special
forces units which are serving the Republic of
India and are specifically organised, trained, and are
equipped to conduct and support special operations.
The three branches of the Indian Armed Forces have
separate special forces units, namely the Para
SF of Indian Army, MARCOS of Indian Navy and
the Garud Commando Force of Indian Air Force.
However, small groups from these units are deputed in
the Armed Forces Special Operations Division, which
has a unified command and control
structure. The Research and Analysis Wing, the
external Intelligence agency of India, has its separate
special forces unit called Special Group.

29. Para (Special Forces), commonly This
unit was created in 1966 by the Indian Army.
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, a small ad-
hoc force comprising volunteers from most
infantry units from North India under Maj Megh
Singh of the Brigade of the Guards, operated along
and behind enemy lines. The performance of this
force made the powers that be sit up and take
notice of the contribution and necessitated the
raising of unconventional forces. Forming the
nucleus of the new force from the volunteers of
the then-disbanded Meghdoot Force, a battalion
was raised to be part of the Brigade of Guards, but
paratrooping being an integral part of commando
tactics, the unit was transferred to the Parachute
Regiment. Raised in July 1966, 9th Battalion, The
Parachute Regiment (Commando) was the first
special operations unit

30. MARCOS
Main article: MARCOS
This unit was created in 1987 by the Indian Navy. They saw action
during Operation Pawan in 1988. They were a part of Operation Cactus in 1988.
They have also been deployed in Wular Lake which is considered a major
infiltration point for armed militants.]
During the 2008 Mumbai Attacks, MARCOS had participated in the operations
along with the National Security Guards. The MARCOS, which had a base
in Alibag, could have been called in much earlier, but were delayed due to
bureaucratic indecision. The MARCOS are capable of undertaking operations in
all types of terrain, but are specialised in maritime operations. The force has
undertaken numerous joint exercises with special forces from around the world.

31. It is an Indian Air Force unit which was
unveiled in September 2004. It primarily
protects Indian Air Force bases and ins
tallations from terrorist attacks.[8] Garud
commandos are also involved in search
and rescue during peace and hostilities and disaster relief during
calamities.
Garud trainees undergo a 72-week probation training course,
which is the longest among all the Indian special forces.The initial
12 months training is to make them hardened soldiers, the total
duration of training before a trainee can qualify as a fully
operational Garud is around three years.
Garuds have diverse responsibilities. Besides base protection
force to protect airfields and key assets in hostile environments,
some advanced Garud units are trained like Army Para
Commandos and the Naval MARCOS to undertake missions deep
behind enemy lines.[8]