1. TETRA is an open standard digital trunked radio system that provides advantages over analog systems like security, IP connectivity, and simultaneous voice and data.
2. TETRA networks can optimize public transportation systems by enabling applications like automatic vehicle location (AVL), voice communications, and data transmission between vehicles and control centers.
3. Case studies show how TETRA has been implemented successfully in public transportation networks like the Barcelona bus system and Port Tanjung Pelepas in Malaysia to track vehicles and enable communications.
This document summarizes the features and specifications of an IP camera. The camera supports network protocols like TCP/IP, DHCP, and DDNS. It can stream MPEG-4 video with 2-way audio and supports up to 10 users on a PC and 5 users on mobile devices simultaneously via RTSP. The camera has features like motion detection, digital input, and PELCO P/D pan/tilt control and is powered by PoE or a 12V DC/24V AC power supply.
TU2.L09.1 - COMPACT POLARIMETRY AT THE MOON: THE MINI-RF RADARSgrssieee
The document describes the Mini-RF radar system used on lunar missions Chandrayaan-1 and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. It discusses the hybrid polarimetric architecture that transmits circular polarization and receives both linear polarizations to measure Stokes parameters and circular polarization ratio. It explains how calibration is performed using nadir returns to correct for imperfect circular transmission. Results show craters imaged using total power and circular polarization ratio, and characteristic floor-wall backscatter signatures. The hybrid polarimetric design allows compact polarimetry to maximize science with minimal hardware.
GR-3 is the world's first G3 (GPS / GLONASS GALILEO) enabled GNSS receiver for Surveying.
Measure position at sub-centimeter accuracy with stability without downtime thanks to the increased number of satellites.
1. The Skyworth ALI-HD is a small combo receiver that includes both DVB-S2 and DVB-T tuners, measuring just 260mm wide and 210mm deep.
2. It has a range of connections including HDMI, Scart, component, and audio/video outputs and performs fast blind scans of satellites in just a few minutes.
3. In addition to basic receiver functions, it includes a well-designed media player interface that can access and play back files from a connected USB device.
This document provides a short overview and selection guide for Satel radio modems:
- It describes Satel's mission to provide wireless data communication solutions and lists their product families, including UHF, VHF, licence-free, and IP67 radio modems.
- A selection guide chart compares the main features of Satel's radio modem models, such as frequency range, interfaces, power levels, housing types, and more.
- Brief product descriptions are given for some digital UHF radio modem models with additional features like TCP/IP connectivity, Linux OS, and network management systems.
This document summarizes the features and specifications of an IP camera. The camera supports network protocols like TCP/IP, DHCP, and DDNS. It can stream MPEG-4 video with 2-way audio and supports up to 10 users on a PC and 5 users on mobile devices simultaneously via RTSP. The camera has features like motion detection, digital input, and PELCO P/D pan/tilt control and is powered by PoE or a 12V DC/24V AC power supply.
TU2.L09.1 - COMPACT POLARIMETRY AT THE MOON: THE MINI-RF RADARSgrssieee
The document describes the Mini-RF radar system used on lunar missions Chandrayaan-1 and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. It discusses the hybrid polarimetric architecture that transmits circular polarization and receives both linear polarizations to measure Stokes parameters and circular polarization ratio. It explains how calibration is performed using nadir returns to correct for imperfect circular transmission. Results show craters imaged using total power and circular polarization ratio, and characteristic floor-wall backscatter signatures. The hybrid polarimetric design allows compact polarimetry to maximize science with minimal hardware.
GR-3 is the world's first G3 (GPS / GLONASS GALILEO) enabled GNSS receiver for Surveying.
Measure position at sub-centimeter accuracy with stability without downtime thanks to the increased number of satellites.
1. The Skyworth ALI-HD is a small combo receiver that includes both DVB-S2 and DVB-T tuners, measuring just 260mm wide and 210mm deep.
2. It has a range of connections including HDMI, Scart, component, and audio/video outputs and performs fast blind scans of satellites in just a few minutes.
3. In addition to basic receiver functions, it includes a well-designed media player interface that can access and play back files from a connected USB device.
This document provides a short overview and selection guide for Satel radio modems:
- It describes Satel's mission to provide wireless data communication solutions and lists their product families, including UHF, VHF, licence-free, and IP67 radio modems.
- A selection guide chart compares the main features of Satel's radio modem models, such as frequency range, interfaces, power levels, housing types, and more.
- Brief product descriptions are given for some digital UHF radio modem models with additional features like TCP/IP connectivity, Linux OS, and network management systems.
This document provides a review of the Technotrend TT-micro S320 satellite receiver. It notes that the receiver uses HDMI to digitally transmit video and audio to compatible TVs. While it can only receive MPEG-2 channels currently, it upscales the signal to near HDTV quality. The receiver is small, lightweight, and energy efficient. It has a full program guide, teletext, and fast channel switching. However, it does not allow editing the overall channel list or connecting a rotating dish.
This project aims to design and develop a multi-format video converter to convert analog video signals from target detection systems to digital formats for transmission to and processing by computing devices. The converter will convert analog video signals to compressed digital formats and transfer the data over USB or Ethernet ports. The development of this converter is motivated by the benefits of digital signal transmission, storage, and processing compared to analog.
Anywave Technical Seminar July 2016 OFDM ISDB-T2Frank Massa
The document summarizes an Anywave technical presentation focused on ISDB-T standards and transmission systems. The presentation covers:
1. An overview of ISDB-T standards for digital television broadcasting
2. Basics of transmission system design, including transmitter power output, transmission line efficiency, antenna gain, effective radiated power, and cost considerations.
3. Factors to consider in transmitter design, including lowering manufacturing costs through efficient technology and including new features.
Anywave Communications Corporate presentation 2016Frank Massa
Corporate and Product Overview of Anywave Technologies Co LTD Digital and Analog TV Transmitters, Exciters, streaming and Encoders for ATSC, DVBT2, ISDB-T2
The document discusses MPEG Transport Stream (TS) logging and quality of experience (QoE) monitoring capabilities provided by Volicon's Observer TS product. The Observer TS allows networks, broadcasters, cable, and IPTV operators to continuously log and monitor MPEG transport streams to troubleshoot issues, ensure regulatory compliance, and analyze content quality. It provides native MPEG TS logging, QoE analysis and alerting, metadata monitoring, and content export abilities in an interface familiar to users of Volicon's Observer products.
The document describes the MT8880C/MT8880C-1 integrated DTMF transceiver chip. It features a complete DTMF transmitter and receiver with low power consumption. The chip includes a call progress filter that allows a microprocessor to analyze call progress tones. It has a standard microprocessor interface and is directly compatible with 6800 series microprocessors. The chip provides precise tone bursts for DTMF signaling and can detect call progress tones within a specified passband when in call progress mode.
This document provides an overview and explanation of the key components and configuration options of the L300 concentrator device. It includes labeled diagrams identifying the power input, indicators, ports, slots and antennas used for GPRS, WiFi, Ethernet, PSTN and backup communication functions. Contact information is provided for technical support.
This document describes a communications interoperability system that:
1. Uses a software-as-a-service platform to provide 24/7 connectivity between various communication devices over satellite, internet, and radio networks.
2. The system employs an open architecture and open standards to flexibly connect devices like radios, phones, laptops, and servers from any location using protocols like VoIP, SIP, and COTS equipment.
3. It works by encoding source data into the IP layer and using "soft-switches" to transmit the data between connected interfaces and provide full interoperability without requiring device upgrades.
SCA To Date and Motivation for Change. These slides will discuss why the JTRS Program Executive Office (JPEO) is aggressively procuring Software Defined Radio (SDR) consortium and industry assistance to spearhead a high impact evolution of the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) intended to deliver better radio performance along with a smaller footprint for waveforms and radio software. The webcast audience will learn about innovative SCA change proposal details and identified opportunities for near term radio performance impact with rapid market availability of these new capabilities via highly motivated COTS SDR software and development tool vendors.
The document provides an overview of ATSC Mobile TV and how it works. It discusses the challenges of mitigating mobile fading and maintaining backward compatibility with legacy receivers. It introduces the dual stream system used by ATSC Mobile TV to transmit an HDTV/SDTV stream and a separate mobile stream. It describes the cross-layer design of ATSC Mobile TV, which uses new channel coding, training signals, and signaling to address mobile fading while maintaining compatibility. It also outlines the basic blocks of the ATSC Mobile TV transmitter and receiver.
The document provides details about the Promax TV Explorer II+ universal signal analyzer. It can measure signals from satellites, terrestrial broadcasts, and cable TV. The analyzer covers a wide frequency range and supports both analog and digital modulation types. It has a large screen, intuitive menu system, and can accurately measure signal quality metrics like signal strength, bit error rate, and carrier-to-noise ratio. The analyzer comes with a carrying case and accessories to support installation and service of satellite TV systems.
The document discusses media VoIP protocols and technologies. It provides an overview of:
- RTP and RTCP protocols for transporting audio and video over IP networks. RTP provides sequencing and time stamping while RTCP provides quality feedback.
- Common audio and video codecs like G.711, H.261, H.263 that are used to compress media.
- Mechanisms for mixing and translating streams to connect networks of different capabilities.
- DTMF signaling which can be carried in-band or out-of-band using SIP INFO.
Design and implementation of sdr based qpsk transceiver using fpgaTarik Kazaz
Software-defined radio (SDR) technology enables
implementation of wireless devices that support multiple air interfaces and modulation formats, which is very important
if consider the proliferation of wireless standards. To enable such functionality SDR is using reconfigurable hardware platform such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this paper, we present design procedure and implementation result of SDR based QPSK modulator on Altera Cyclone IV FPGA. For design and implementation of QPSK modulator we used Altera DSP
Builder Tool combined with Matlab/Simulink, Modelsim and
Quartus II design tools. As reconfigurable hardware platform
we used Altera DE2-115 development and education board with
AD/DA daughter card. Software and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)
simulation was conducted before hardware implementation and
verification of designed system. This method of design makes
implementation of SDR based modulators simpler ad faster.
Index Terms—SDR, FPGA, QPSK, DSP Builder, NCO, RRC
1. The document tests and reviews two DVB-C tuners from TBS - the TBS 6618 PCIe card and TBS 5680 USB tuner - that allow receiving cable TV signals on a PC.
2. It evaluates the tuners using several TV software applications, finding that Windows Media Center (WMC) was difficult to configure properly for DVB-C without online help, while ProgDVB and DVBDream provided easier setup experiences.
3. Overall, both TBS tuners performed well once configured, allowing the user to view and record cable TV channels on their PC. However, the review found the setup process can be challenging without clear instructions, particularly for WMC
A Glimpse into Developing Software-Defined Radio by PythonAlbert Huang
Software-defined radio~(SDR) has been emerging for many years in
various fields, including military, commercial communication
systems, and scientific research, e.g. space exploration. GNU Radio
is an open source SDR framework written in Python. This talk will introduce from basic concept of software-defined radio and various
front-end hardware, and then illustrate how to use Python to develop
SDR.
The document describes three products from Zodiac Data Systems: the Cortex RTR integrated telemetry receiver, the Radio Signal Recorder/Reproducer (RSR), and the modular DATaRec 4 data acquisition systems. The Cortex RTR provides dual-channel reception in P, L, and S bands with excellent phase noise compatibility. The RSR offers multi-channel IF signal recording and reproduction. The DATaRec 4 is available in standard and ruggedized configurations and can accommodate applications from low to very high channel counts.
The document provides an agenda for an Ethernet OAM tutorial. The agenda includes reviewing Metro Ethernet technologies and Ethernet OAM, Ethernet OAM deployment overview, 802.1ag connectivity fault management, 802.3ah Ethernet in the first mile connectivity verification, MEF-16 E-LMI for rapid service deployment, and Ethernet OAM interworking. The tutorial will cover key concepts in managing Ethernet services and networks using Ethernet OAM standards and protocols.
This document discusses the ETERNITY PLCC EPAX, a digital switching system for private line carrier circuits (PLCC). It can support up to 516 ports and features integrated voice and data capabilities. The system uses digital PCM switching technology and supports a variety of trunk and extension interfaces. It provides calling features for PLCC applications such as alternate routing and call routing progression tones. Programming and administration can be done through analog phones, digital key phones, or a web-based GUI tool.
Trans Data Management provides railway communication and station management solutions. They were originally established to distribute Ascom infrastructure operator systems and later acquired Ascom's division. Their solutions include operational telecom, emergency call systems, public address, CCTV integration, and help points installed on various railway networks globally such as London Underground, Swiss Federal Railways, and Eurotunnel.
1) LTE utilizes technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO to improve data rates and spectral efficiency over previous standards. It employs an all-IP architecture with eNodeB base stations that connect directly to the EPC core instead of a central controller.
2) While LTE meets many 4G requirements, its peak rates are still below the standard's definition and it retains some circuit-switched elements.
3) Future enhancements like LTE-Advanced aim to fully comply with 4G through higher data rates and further network improvements.
The document discusses using an ADSP processor to generate 3D images. It describes how the generated image can be rotated in three axes using the processor's assembly instruction set flexibility. X, Y coordinates of the image are input and used to generate deflection signals that control DACs and produce the image on a CRT. The system loads a program from boot memory on reset to execute the image generation program.
This document discusses automation of next generation networks (NGNs) to deliver multicast services. It covers planning issues for deploying multicast across inter-domain networks, including using path computation elements (PCEs) and hierarchical PCEs. Extensions to RSVP signaling are presented as a solution for point-to-multipoint transport across domains. The use of PCEs can offload complex path computations and consider constraints to efficiently deliver services using multicast trees.
This document provides a review of the Technotrend TT-micro S320 satellite receiver. It notes that the receiver uses HDMI to digitally transmit video and audio to compatible TVs. While it can only receive MPEG-2 channels currently, it upscales the signal to near HDTV quality. The receiver is small, lightweight, and energy efficient. It has a full program guide, teletext, and fast channel switching. However, it does not allow editing the overall channel list or connecting a rotating dish.
This project aims to design and develop a multi-format video converter to convert analog video signals from target detection systems to digital formats for transmission to and processing by computing devices. The converter will convert analog video signals to compressed digital formats and transfer the data over USB or Ethernet ports. The development of this converter is motivated by the benefits of digital signal transmission, storage, and processing compared to analog.
Anywave Technical Seminar July 2016 OFDM ISDB-T2Frank Massa
The document summarizes an Anywave technical presentation focused on ISDB-T standards and transmission systems. The presentation covers:
1. An overview of ISDB-T standards for digital television broadcasting
2. Basics of transmission system design, including transmitter power output, transmission line efficiency, antenna gain, effective radiated power, and cost considerations.
3. Factors to consider in transmitter design, including lowering manufacturing costs through efficient technology and including new features.
Anywave Communications Corporate presentation 2016Frank Massa
Corporate and Product Overview of Anywave Technologies Co LTD Digital and Analog TV Transmitters, Exciters, streaming and Encoders for ATSC, DVBT2, ISDB-T2
The document discusses MPEG Transport Stream (TS) logging and quality of experience (QoE) monitoring capabilities provided by Volicon's Observer TS product. The Observer TS allows networks, broadcasters, cable, and IPTV operators to continuously log and monitor MPEG transport streams to troubleshoot issues, ensure regulatory compliance, and analyze content quality. It provides native MPEG TS logging, QoE analysis and alerting, metadata monitoring, and content export abilities in an interface familiar to users of Volicon's Observer products.
The document describes the MT8880C/MT8880C-1 integrated DTMF transceiver chip. It features a complete DTMF transmitter and receiver with low power consumption. The chip includes a call progress filter that allows a microprocessor to analyze call progress tones. It has a standard microprocessor interface and is directly compatible with 6800 series microprocessors. The chip provides precise tone bursts for DTMF signaling and can detect call progress tones within a specified passband when in call progress mode.
This document provides an overview and explanation of the key components and configuration options of the L300 concentrator device. It includes labeled diagrams identifying the power input, indicators, ports, slots and antennas used for GPRS, WiFi, Ethernet, PSTN and backup communication functions. Contact information is provided for technical support.
This document describes a communications interoperability system that:
1. Uses a software-as-a-service platform to provide 24/7 connectivity between various communication devices over satellite, internet, and radio networks.
2. The system employs an open architecture and open standards to flexibly connect devices like radios, phones, laptops, and servers from any location using protocols like VoIP, SIP, and COTS equipment.
3. It works by encoding source data into the IP layer and using "soft-switches" to transmit the data between connected interfaces and provide full interoperability without requiring device upgrades.
SCA To Date and Motivation for Change. These slides will discuss why the JTRS Program Executive Office (JPEO) is aggressively procuring Software Defined Radio (SDR) consortium and industry assistance to spearhead a high impact evolution of the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) intended to deliver better radio performance along with a smaller footprint for waveforms and radio software. The webcast audience will learn about innovative SCA change proposal details and identified opportunities for near term radio performance impact with rapid market availability of these new capabilities via highly motivated COTS SDR software and development tool vendors.
The document provides an overview of ATSC Mobile TV and how it works. It discusses the challenges of mitigating mobile fading and maintaining backward compatibility with legacy receivers. It introduces the dual stream system used by ATSC Mobile TV to transmit an HDTV/SDTV stream and a separate mobile stream. It describes the cross-layer design of ATSC Mobile TV, which uses new channel coding, training signals, and signaling to address mobile fading while maintaining compatibility. It also outlines the basic blocks of the ATSC Mobile TV transmitter and receiver.
The document provides details about the Promax TV Explorer II+ universal signal analyzer. It can measure signals from satellites, terrestrial broadcasts, and cable TV. The analyzer covers a wide frequency range and supports both analog and digital modulation types. It has a large screen, intuitive menu system, and can accurately measure signal quality metrics like signal strength, bit error rate, and carrier-to-noise ratio. The analyzer comes with a carrying case and accessories to support installation and service of satellite TV systems.
The document discusses media VoIP protocols and technologies. It provides an overview of:
- RTP and RTCP protocols for transporting audio and video over IP networks. RTP provides sequencing and time stamping while RTCP provides quality feedback.
- Common audio and video codecs like G.711, H.261, H.263 that are used to compress media.
- Mechanisms for mixing and translating streams to connect networks of different capabilities.
- DTMF signaling which can be carried in-band or out-of-band using SIP INFO.
Design and implementation of sdr based qpsk transceiver using fpgaTarik Kazaz
Software-defined radio (SDR) technology enables
implementation of wireless devices that support multiple air interfaces and modulation formats, which is very important
if consider the proliferation of wireless standards. To enable such functionality SDR is using reconfigurable hardware platform such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this paper, we present design procedure and implementation result of SDR based QPSK modulator on Altera Cyclone IV FPGA. For design and implementation of QPSK modulator we used Altera DSP
Builder Tool combined with Matlab/Simulink, Modelsim and
Quartus II design tools. As reconfigurable hardware platform
we used Altera DE2-115 development and education board with
AD/DA daughter card. Software and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)
simulation was conducted before hardware implementation and
verification of designed system. This method of design makes
implementation of SDR based modulators simpler ad faster.
Index Terms—SDR, FPGA, QPSK, DSP Builder, NCO, RRC
1. The document tests and reviews two DVB-C tuners from TBS - the TBS 6618 PCIe card and TBS 5680 USB tuner - that allow receiving cable TV signals on a PC.
2. It evaluates the tuners using several TV software applications, finding that Windows Media Center (WMC) was difficult to configure properly for DVB-C without online help, while ProgDVB and DVBDream provided easier setup experiences.
3. Overall, both TBS tuners performed well once configured, allowing the user to view and record cable TV channels on their PC. However, the review found the setup process can be challenging without clear instructions, particularly for WMC
A Glimpse into Developing Software-Defined Radio by PythonAlbert Huang
Software-defined radio~(SDR) has been emerging for many years in
various fields, including military, commercial communication
systems, and scientific research, e.g. space exploration. GNU Radio
is an open source SDR framework written in Python. This talk will introduce from basic concept of software-defined radio and various
front-end hardware, and then illustrate how to use Python to develop
SDR.
The document describes three products from Zodiac Data Systems: the Cortex RTR integrated telemetry receiver, the Radio Signal Recorder/Reproducer (RSR), and the modular DATaRec 4 data acquisition systems. The Cortex RTR provides dual-channel reception in P, L, and S bands with excellent phase noise compatibility. The RSR offers multi-channel IF signal recording and reproduction. The DATaRec 4 is available in standard and ruggedized configurations and can accommodate applications from low to very high channel counts.
The document provides an agenda for an Ethernet OAM tutorial. The agenda includes reviewing Metro Ethernet technologies and Ethernet OAM, Ethernet OAM deployment overview, 802.1ag connectivity fault management, 802.3ah Ethernet in the first mile connectivity verification, MEF-16 E-LMI for rapid service deployment, and Ethernet OAM interworking. The tutorial will cover key concepts in managing Ethernet services and networks using Ethernet OAM standards and protocols.
This document discusses the ETERNITY PLCC EPAX, a digital switching system for private line carrier circuits (PLCC). It can support up to 516 ports and features integrated voice and data capabilities. The system uses digital PCM switching technology and supports a variety of trunk and extension interfaces. It provides calling features for PLCC applications such as alternate routing and call routing progression tones. Programming and administration can be done through analog phones, digital key phones, or a web-based GUI tool.
Trans Data Management provides railway communication and station management solutions. They were originally established to distribute Ascom infrastructure operator systems and later acquired Ascom's division. Their solutions include operational telecom, emergency call systems, public address, CCTV integration, and help points installed on various railway networks globally such as London Underground, Swiss Federal Railways, and Eurotunnel.
1) LTE utilizes technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO to improve data rates and spectral efficiency over previous standards. It employs an all-IP architecture with eNodeB base stations that connect directly to the EPC core instead of a central controller.
2) While LTE meets many 4G requirements, its peak rates are still below the standard's definition and it retains some circuit-switched elements.
3) Future enhancements like LTE-Advanced aim to fully comply with 4G through higher data rates and further network improvements.
The document discusses using an ADSP processor to generate 3D images. It describes how the generated image can be rotated in three axes using the processor's assembly instruction set flexibility. X, Y coordinates of the image are input and used to generate deflection signals that control DACs and produce the image on a CRT. The system loads a program from boot memory on reset to execute the image generation program.
This document discusses automation of next generation networks (NGNs) to deliver multicast services. It covers planning issues for deploying multicast across inter-domain networks, including using path computation elements (PCEs) and hierarchical PCEs. Extensions to RSVP signaling are presented as a solution for point-to-multipoint transport across domains. The use of PCEs can offload complex path computations and consider constraints to efficiently deliver services using multicast trees.
This document provides a test report of the Satcatcher Digipro T Max digital terrestrial television (DVB-T) signal meter. The device allows users to accurately align antennas to receive optimal DVB-T signals. It provides easy-to-read signal strength readings and includes features like multiple language support, rechargeable batteries, and a protective carrying case for portability. The report examines the device's specifications and usability.
CDMA2000 networks are continuing to evolve to meet increasing demand for data. Rev. B is being commercially deployed and offers multicarrier capability to triple data rates. 1x Advanced will provide 4x the voice capacity of 1x. DO Advanced will maximize performance on existing EV-DO networks. As networks expand with LTE, 1x will remain for voice and EV-DO for ubiquitous data coverage.
Tranzeo TR – SL5 Series (quantumwimax.com)Ari Zoldan
The document summarizes Tranzeo's new TR-SL5 Series 5.3/5.4/5.8 GHz client adapter (CPE). It features low power requirements of only 4 Watts, making it suitable for solar and alternative power sources. It also includes client NAT routing with QoS for network traffic prioritization and shaping. Additional features include WPA security, alignment LEDs for easier installation, a high gain output of +13dBm, and multiple MAC bridge support. Specifications include frequency range, receiver sensitivity, output power, antennas, management capabilities, security, dimensions, power supply, and operating temperature.
TR-156 Monitoring features provides a complete, fast and reliable tool for GPON diagnosis. It describes network architectures and deployment scenarios for Ethernet-based GPON aggregation networks including:
- Fiber To The Home (FTTH), Fiber Into The Home (FITH), and Fiber To The Office (FTTO) deployments.
- Traffic control facilities in ONUs for upstream and downstream traffic including GEM ports, T-CONTs, and priority control.
- Residential N:1 VLAN tagging where traffic is single-tagged with an S-Tag throughout the aggregation network.
- An example residential N:1 VLAN configuration translating between C-VLAN and S-VLAN
This document discusses the avionics architecture of the SARAS aircraft. It begins by providing background on modern avionics systems and integrated modular avionics. It then describes the SARAS avionics suite, which uses a federated architecture with six groups of systems. The document outlines the ARINC 429 digital communication bus used in SARAS. Finally, it discusses current and future technologies being developed for SARAS, including integrated modular architecture and improved autopilot, engine, and flight data systems.
Digital to Analog Converter by LDCE studentsMitul Lakhani
This document describes interfacing a microcontroller with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to generate a sine wave signal. It includes a circuit diagram and components list for the interface, as well as an algorithm, assembly language program, and lookup table to output sine wave voltage values from the DAC. The program uses a pointer to step through the table storing sine amplitudes and sends the digital values to the DAC port to produce the analog sine wave output. An oscilloscope image confirms the generated sine wave signal.
CCTV CAMERA, DOME CAMERA, C MOUNT CAMERA, CS MOUNT CAMERA, ECONOMY CAMERA, BOX CAMERA, IR CAMERA, PAN TILT DOME CAMERA, VANDAL PROOF DOME CAMERA, VARI FOCAL AUTO IRIS CAMERA, ELEGANT DOME CAMERA, SPEED DOME CAMERA, DVR CARDS, 4 CHANNEL DVR CARD, 8 CHANNEL DVR CARD, 16 CHANNEL DVR CARD, 32 CHANNEL DVR CARD, 64 CHANNEL DVR CARD, SWITCHERS, WEB SERVERS, POWER SUPPLIES, ACCESSORIES, VIDEO DISTRIBUTOR AMPLIFIER, SURGE PROTECTOR, TELEMETRY RECEIVER
CCTV CAMERA, DOME CAMERA, C MOUNT CAMERA, CS MOUNT CAMERA, ECONOMY CAMERA, BOX CAMERA, IR CAMERA, PAN TILT DOME CAMERA, VANDAL PROOF DOME CAMERA, VARI FOCAL AUTO IRIS CAMERA, ELEGANT DOME CAMERA, SPEED DOME CAMERA, DVR CARDS, 4 CHANNEL DVR CARD, 8 CHANNEL DVR CARD, 16 CHANNEL DVR CARD, 32 CHANNEL DVR CARD, 64 CHANNEL DVR CARD, SWITCHERS, WEB SERVERS, POWER SUPPLIES, ACCESSORIES, VIDEO DISTRIBUTOR AMPLIFIER, SURGE PROTECTOR, TELEMETRY RECEIVER
Tranzeo is announcing their new TR-5plus Series of 5.3/5.4/5.8 GHz radios. These all-in-one units can be configured as an access point, point-to-point bridge, or client adapter. They have a high gain output of +23dBm, dual Ethernet ports, support for tunneling protocols, and low power requirements of only 7 watts. The radios also have new features such as wireless distribution system, WPA encryption, alignment LEDs, and IP-based remote management.
This document provides product documentation for Onkyo home theater equipment, including:
- Diagrams and descriptions of Onkyo AV processors and powered subwoofers.
- Instructions for setup and connection of speakers and audio/video components to the processors.
- Illustrations of product features and controls.
- Technical specifications and part numbers.
PERFORMANCES OF ORTHOGONAL WAVELET DIVISION MULTIPLEX (OWDM) SYSTEM UNDER AWG...IJCNCJournal
Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplexing (OWDM) has been considered as an alternative of Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in the recent years. OWDM has lower computational complexity
and higher flexibility compared to its OFDM counterpart. The core component of OWDM is wavelet.
Wavelet has been a much investigated and applied topic in digital image processing for a long time.
Recently, it has drawn considerable attention of the researchers working in communication field. In this
work we investigate the performances of OWDM under different channel conditions. We consider three
channel conditions namely Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Rayleigh, Ricean, and frequency
selective. We consider a number of wavelets namely Haar, Daubechies, Biorthogonal, Reverse
Biorthogonal, Coiflets, and Symlets in OWDM design. For system model we choose Digital Video
Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T). Originally DVB-T system was designed based on OFDM. In this work
we use OWDM instead. The simulation results show OWDM outperforms OFDM in terms of bit error rate
(BER), noise resiliency, and peak-to-average ration. The results also show that the Haar wavelet based
OWDM outperforms other wavelets based OWDM system under all three considered three channel
conditions.
The document summarizes the research and development work on LTE being done at the Galician Research and Development Center for Advanced Telecommunications. The center has expertise in LTE physical layer design, prototyping of RF subsystems, and testing of quality and performance parameters. It has hardware and software tools for LTE protocol stack development and participated in early LTE field trials. The center also organizes workshops and lectures on topics like emergency communications and LTE positioning.
This white paper discusses future technologies for fixed-mobile convergence including LTE and SAE. It defines fixed-mobile convergence as providing consistent services via any fixed or mobile access point. The paper describes the motivation for convergence including mobility and consistent services. It outlines the LTE/SAE introduction and technologies including the evolved packet core and all-IP architecture. Key aspects of LTE such as physical layer channels and protocols are also summarized. The purpose is to support an integrated network through the IP Multimedia Subsystem for high-speed mobile experiences comparable to fixed broadband.
This document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE technology. It discusses the evolution of 3GPP standards and the advancement needed for high data rates, including the use of OFDM(A) and SC-FDMA. It provides a brief introduction to LTE including its radio interface architecture, downlink and uplink transmissions, and cell search procedure. Relevant 3GPP specifications for LTE are also listed.
The document discusses the evolution of mobile network architectures from GSM to LTE and SAE. It introduces LTE and SAE, describing them as the radio access network and core network respectively for 3GPP's Evolved Packet System. It provides an overview of the SAE architecture, which includes the Evolved Packet Core and eUTRAN. The core network provides access to external networks and performs functions like QoS, security and mobility management, while the radio access network handles radio interface functions.
This document proposes a concatenated coding scheme with iterative decoding for a bit-shift channel. Specifically, it considers the serial concatenation of an outer error-correcting code and an inner modulation code, possibly preceded by an accumulator. It searches for optimal encoder mappings from an iterative decoding perspective for the inner code, which has been designed to correct single bit-shift errors and have large average power. This is important for inductively coupled channels, as the receiver gets its power from the received signal and the information should maximize the power transferred.
The document proposes LTE Release 10 and beyond (LTE-Advanced) as a candidate radio interface technology for IMT-Advanced. It provides an overview of 3GPP standardization activities, including LTE Release 8 and the work underway in 3GPP to develop LTE-Advanced to meet IMT-Advanced requirements. Key aspects of LTE-Advanced include utilizing carrier aggregation to support wider bandwidth up to 100MHz and advanced MIMO techniques with up to 8-layer transmission to achieve peak data rates of 1Gbps.
The document summarizes radio frequency aspects of 3GPP Release 10 LTE-Advanced technology. Key points discussed include operating bands and transmission bandwidth configurations up to 100MHz supported by carrier aggregation. Feasibility studies covered aspects like UE and base station transmitter/receiver architectures, power levels and emissions for supporting wider channel bandwidths through multiple component carriers. Radio resource management requirements were also addressed to ensure good mobility performance across networks utilizing LTE-Advanced.
This document discusses enhancements to the physical layer of LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release 10). It describes the downlink and uplink physical layer designs, including orthogonal multiple access schemes, reference signals, control signaling, and data transmission methods. It also covers support for time division duplexing, half-duplex frequency division duplexing, and UE categories defined in 3GPP Release 8. The goal of LTE-Advanced is to further improve the LTE standard to meet the requirements of IMT-Advanced.
LTE was developed to meet increasing demands for mobile data by offering significantly higher data rates, lower latency, and improved system capacity compared to HSPA. It transitions to a simplified all-IP architecture. Key LTE technologies include flexible bandwidths up to 20 MHz, OFDMA, MIMO, and channel-dependent scheduling. LTE is expected to provide peak data rates of over 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink for high-end devices.
Mobile broadband growth has led to increased traffic, subscriptions, and revenue for many mobile operators globally. This growth is challenging existing mobile networks and driving operators to evolve their networks to LTE, which can provide significantly higher capacity to support ongoing growth in demand. The mobile industry is largely converging on LTE as the next generation mobile standard, with over 100 operators committed or exploring deployment. LTE promises benefits like lower costs per bit and higher speeds to better meet consumer and business needs in a mobile world.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE). It discusses the motivation for LTE to evolve UMTS towards a packet-only system with higher data rates. The workplan for LTE included feasibility studies from 2004-2006 and standardization work beginning in 2007. Key requirements for LTE included improved peak data rates, latency, spectral efficiency, and reduced infrastructure costs. The LTE air interface uses OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink with adaptive modulation up to 64-QAM. Multiple antenna techniques including beamforming, spatial multiplexing, and diversity are supported.
The document proposes LTE Release 10 and beyond (LTE-Advanced) as a candidate radio interface technology for IMT-Advanced. It provides an overview of 3GPP standardization activities, including LTE Release 8 which focused on improving spectral efficiency and reducing latency. LTE-Advanced is being studied to further evolve LTE to meet ITU-R requirements for IMT-Advanced and future needs, with a feasibility study currently ongoing in 3GPP.
This document discusses estimating the performance of concatenated coding schemes. It introduces the Information Processing Characteristic (IPC) which can be used to lower bound the performance of any concatenated coding scheme. The IPC is obtained through asymptotic analysis using EXIT charts or the Approximate Message Passing Convergence Analyzer (AMCA). This provides a lower bound on the IPC that can be achieved with infinite interleaving and iterations. Estimates for realistic schemes with a limited number of iterations are also possible. The IPC can then be used to estimate the resulting bit error ratio.
This document summarizes the key technologies that enable LTE-Advanced, which is an enhancement of LTE to meet the requirements for IMT-Advanced. LTE-Advanced introduces carrier aggregation to support transmission bandwidths up to 100MHz by aggregating multiple LTE carriers. It also enhances multiple antenna technologies to support up to 8 antennas in the downlink and 4 antennas in the uplink. Other technologies introduced include coordinated multipoint transmission and reception, enhanced uplink transmission schemes, and the use of intelligent relay nodes.
This document provides an overview of the book "Understanding UMTS Radio Network Modelling, Planning and Automated Optimisation". It discusses radio network modelling and planning for UMTS/3G cellular networks. The book contains chapters on propagation modelling, theoretical models, planning fundamentals, network design aspects, compatibility of UMTS systems, and specialised network design topics. It aims to help readers understand the theory and practice of UMTS radio network modelling, planning and optimization.
This document provides a summary of key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring performance in UMTS terrestrial radio access networks (UTRAN). It begins with the basics of performance measurement, including what KPIs are, how performance data is captured and filtered in UTRAN, and definitions from 3GPP. It then describes selected KPIs to measure aspects like block error rate, radio link quality, throughput, handover success rates, call setup rates, and more. The document aims to provide a practical guide for understanding and using KPIs to evaluate UTRAN network performance.
The document is a preface and table of contents for a book about UMTS networks and radio access technology. It introduces the growth of mobile communications and the requirements for 3G systems, including new services and radio access aspects. It also briefly discusses enhancing technologies for 3G like smart antennas, multi-user detection, software defined radio, and integration challenges. The preface and contents set up the topics to be covered in the book at a high level.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "HSDPA/HSUPA for UMTS: High Speed Radio Access for Mobile Communications". The book is edited by Harri Holma and Antti Toskala of Nokia Networks, Finland. It covers the standardization of HSDPA and HSUPA in 3GPP, the key technologies and principles of HSDPA and HSUPA including new physical channels and protocols, radio resource management, performance metrics such as bit rates and capacity, and applications over HSPA such as voice-over-IP.
This document is the third edition of the book "WCDMA for UMTS" which provides an overview of the WCDMA radio access technology for third generation mobile communications. It was edited by Harri Holma and Antti Toskala of Nokia and covers topics such as the standardization process, network architecture, protocols, and services supported by UMTS networks using WCDMA. The book serves as a technical reference for 3G cellular communication standards and their implementation.
WiMAX is a wireless technology that provides broadband connections over long distances. It allows high-speed wireless data, voice and video connectivity. The technology uses various standards and frequency bands to provide broadband access up to 30 miles. Products supporting WiMAX standards are expanding and include chips, modules, customer premise equipment and base stations. Many companies are developing WiMAX network infrastructure and devices to deliver wireless internet access using this technology.
1. Optimised Voice & Data
Applications for
Transportation Systems
using TETRA
Mr. Ignacio Callen
VP, Sales & Marketing
TELTRONIC
2. Contents
1. TETRA ADVANTAGES
2. TETRA NETWORK MODEL
3. BUSES AND TRAMS - OPTI MISING AVL
TMB BARCELONA BUSES NETWORK CASE
4. PORT TANJUNG PELEPAS NETWORK CASE
5. METRO AND RAILWAY APPLICATION MODEL
TETRA IN AUTOMATED METRO
SOME REFERENCES
6. RAILWAY MODEL
7. CONCLUSIONS
3. TETRA: Advantages
Open standard (several suppliers of terminals)
Security: Encryption and authentication
Ethernet/IP Connectivity
Enhanced Data Transmission Capabilities =>
Allow to implement ITS applications & voice
using the same network
Simultaneous voice and data support
Full duplex communications: hands free
Benefits for Surface transport: built-in GPS for
AVL
Worldwide implemented in Transport and
Public Safety
5. •Half duplex and full duplex call with Control Centre
Driver &
•Direct connection with PABX & PSTN.
Maintenance
•Voice Communications between maintenance personal
Voice Services
and Control Centre & Depots.
Vehicle •Status Messages (i.e. start of route indication)
Sensors •Short Data Message (i.e. sporadic bus data interrogation
ONE Transmission – Fuel level)
ONE
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY • Key Requirement: buses sending its position (GPS) on a
FOR ALL
FOR ALL Localisation periodic basic.
SERVICES
SERVICES Data (AVL) •If not handle correctly can affect to the others service of
PROVIDING the system.
PROVIDING
COST
COST Passenger • Controlled by the Control Centre for give information to
OPTMISATION.
OPTMISATION. informative passengers (i.e. bus stations)
panels • Suitable for Short Data Messages
• Emergency pedals or buttons enabling silent ambience
Security call from Control Centre.
Systems • Alarm triggers allowing communications between
passengers and Control Centre.
6. Network DEPOTS
Bus / on board systems WIFI Zona
Red Ethernet Franca Ponent
SAE SAM I ROND ROND
A DEL
A DEL
MIG MIG
GPS CPU
Gateway CAN Bus
A
A ND AL
ND AL RO OR
SPV RO OR
T LI
T
SC-WiFi LI
Lutxana
Billing CPU Wifi Link
Wi-Fi Router Horta
DE
A
DE ND T
A
ND T RO DAL
SIC GPRS Triangle RO DAL
SC-Radio
External Info Panels
CPU TETRA FONT FOTOGRAFIA: BARCELONA
REGIONAL, S.A.
SIU
PA system TFT SEV
CPU Video
BUSES COMMAND CENTRE
TSC
PA
Bus link BX Sun
FEP
Depot link
PD SER
TETRA NETWORK H VER
Sun
SwM
Ges I
Control Centre Link
to
7. TETRA
On-board equipment GPS
Antenna Antenna
Control unit
Bus
TETRA MS engine,
driver’s Telemetry speed,
MMI PEI sensors doors...
Bus driver’s
audio system
Audio control
- PTT
interface Billing
- Emergency
button system
-Call request
- Driver Login Passenger data
information
Hands-free system PANEL Other
audio kit
Ambience peripheral
listening s
microphon
e
Handset
8. On-board equipment
Bus
system
Control interface
unit
TETR
A
radio
Passenger
information
system
Micro
speaker &
hands-free
Driver’s MMI mic
console
9. Buses & Trams – Optimising AVL
• Automatic regulation – Efficiency mostly
depends on the refreshment periods which
can be achieved
• Old analogue systems – Control of radio
channels (PTT-CD signals) by AVL
Applications
• TETRA = TDMA. How to overcome the gap
between the AVL Application and TETRA
transport layers?
10. Synchronous Data Manager – How it works
• Optimised polling
– Polling avoids random access collisions – 100% channel uplink v. 37%
under normal circumstances
– Synchronous access is achieved by sending a status message asking
for “slot granting”. 20-byte data is sent with the ACK reply to this status
message
• Multiple secondary control channels (SCCH)/base station
- increases capacity
• Synchronisation of control channels
• Definition of new commands – to manage sequential & cyclical polling lists
• SDM is based on the controlled use of a portion of the control channel to
avoid the “avalanche” of random access radio collisions
12. TMB, Barcelona Buses
• Migration from analogue PMR to TETRA
• Innovation, applications, coverage
• SDM/AVL server application integrated to SAE business model
software:
• Each SBS – 20 bytes/bus at a rate of 24 buses/second
• Not just data, needs to integrate with voice comms.
• Control Centre integration via VoIP
• TETRA Dispatcher Protocol (TDP -SIP format–).- Interface with
TETRA infrastructure
• On-board, AT commands are used over radio’s PEI (Peripheral
Equipment Interface)
• System integrates buses (special units) and management hand-
portables
14. NAVIS-TETRA Gateway
Voice (1)
Instruction (2)
Confirmation (2)
SPARCS
Radio Server
TOS GPS(3)
Instruction (2)
Voice (1)
Confirmation(2)
GPS data
Real time
Location (3) MDT-400
TETRA
Gateway
POSH
TETRA
BASE
16. Functional Overview
– TETRA Gateway Server Application
• Maintain connection with SPARCS Radio Server
• Receiving XMLRDT message through the connection with SPARCS Radio
Server
• Encapsulate the XMLRDT message and then transmit SDS to MDT-400
using N2A.
( If encapsulated data is over max SDS size, it divide encapsulation data
to send)
• Receiving the SDS from NEBULA with N2A
• Recode the transmitted data or log
– TETRA Terminal(MDT-400)
• Shows received SDS message from XMLRDT server
• Confirm the received message and send back confirm message
18. TETRA Network Model
SBS 1 SBS 2 SBS n-1 SBS n
…
ASYNCHRONOUS BACKBONE
Central ISDN
Switch
API
ATC System
Management IP Network
System
Analog Radio
Radio Network
Dispatchers Dispatching
Centre
19. Typical requirements in Metro and Railway:
• Full and half duplex calls (private and group)
• Built-in emergency button
• Status and short data
• Operational console integrated into the driving dashboard
• Interaction with the Passenger Information System
• Interaction with the Train Control and Monitoring System (TCMS).
• Integration of TETRA and analog communications
• Railways – Fulfilling of ETCS Requirements
20. Functions:
• Voice calls to and from the Dispatching Centre
• Public addressing and ambience listening
• Emergency braking activation
• Fire extinguishers activation
• Train switch on / switch off
• Update of the information panels
• Discreete location (beacons)
• Update of the TCMS parameters
21. On Board Subsystems:
MMI Console
Communications rack
To the train control
system (TCMS)
Display Teclado Input/Output Lines
Antivandálico CPU
MVB Connection (TCN
Network)
Maintenance
LED CPU VHF TETRA
Indicators Auxiliary Analog Radio TETRA Antenna
Buttons Radio
VHF Antenna
AUDIO INTERFACE To passenger
Hands free information system
Handset system (addressing)
To redundant rack and console
22. Typical configuration
(2 Racks & 2 consoles, up to 200 meters between both
systems)
MMI MMI
Console Console
Train Control System
Communications Rack Communications Rack
(TETRA + VHF) (TETRA + VHF)
23. On Board Subsystems:
High customisation is required to adapt to:
- Different train manufacturers
(CAF, Alstom, Siemens, Ansaldobreda, Bombardier, …).
- Differente power supply voltages and signalling
(+110v DC, +72v DC, +24v DC).
- Different operational requirements
- Higher MTBF figures
- Space available for rack mounting
- Several types of interfaces to TCMS (MVB, Ethernet,
RS-485, …)
- Customized on-board subsystem
24. Barcelona Subway, Line 9 (Spain)
The Barcelona Underground Line 9 is the largest
underground line in whole Europe:
• 46.6 Km.
• 51 stations
• 90 millions passengers per year
26. TETRA in Automated Metros
• Security
• Exploitation
• Maintenance
• Can act as an emergency backup of
the Automatic Train Control (ATC)
system
27. Application Model
ds
TETRA Network
m an
C om
Commands
On Board TETRA
Subsystem Control Centre
TCMS
28. SDS TL based Protocol
TETRA
SDS TL Service
Application - Control
29. SDS TL based Protocol
PROTOCOL ID = C0H (ETSI registered)
TYPE OF MESSAGE ACK SS ST
MESSAGE REFERENCE (counter)
TEXT SCHEME = 01H (8-bit latin alphabet)
PROPIETARY APPLICATION CODE
COMMAND
TRAIN NUMBER / TYPE OF TRAIN
COMMAND PARAMETERS
30. Security Commands
TYPES OF COMMANDS
EMERGENCY BRAKING
BYPASS OF BRAKE / TRACTION LOOP
PUBLIC ADDRESSING MESSAGE
DISABLE SERVICE BRAKE
FIRE DETECTION / FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
ACTIVATION
DETECT ALARM HANDLE UNATTENDED
DOORS OPEN / CLOSE
31. Exploitation Commands
TYPES OF COMMANDS
TRAIN SWITCH ON / SWITCH OFF
TRAIN BIRTH (Number and Type of Train, Driver)
EXTERNAL / INTERNAL PANELS CONTENT
LIGHTS / MUSIC / VIDEO / CLIMATIZATION
TCMS CONFIGURATION/ DRIVING MODE
TRAIN LOCATION (SBS or BEACONS)
VOICE GROUP CHANGE (SBS or BEACONS)
32. Maintenance Commands
TYPES OF COMMANDS
DIAGNOSIS / REQUEST / SENDING ALARMS
TRAIN TIME SETUP
PANTOGRAPH UP / DOWN
NEUMATIC SUSPENSION DISABLE / ENABLE
VOLTAGE INTERRUPTOR
REMOTE SOFTWARE DOWNLOADING (circuit data)
ATP SYSTEM RESET
33. Example: Start-up Sequence with TL_REPORT
CCC RADIO
Start Up
TCMS TL_REPORT
Start Up
Accepted
TL_REPORT
Initiated
Initiated
TL_REPORT
Train Switched On
Train Switched On
TL_REPORT
CCC = Command & Control Centre
TCMS = Train Control & Monitoring System
34. Example: Start-up Sequence without TL_REPORT
CCC RADIO
Start Up
TCMS
Start Up
Accepted
Initiated
Initiated
Train Switched On
Train Switched On
CCC = Command & Control Centre
TCMS = Train Control & Monitoring System
36. TETRA Rail Forum
At the end of 2006, the TETRA association (TETRA MoU)
created the TETRA Rail Forum
The goal is to analyse the railways requirements and decide
whether the TETRA’s successful Metro model can be used for
this industry or not
Outside Europe TETRA is already a serious alternative to
GSM-R; although there are also technological reasons the
main one is economical => TETRA requires half the base
stations than GSM-R for the same coverage area
Next Steps for the TETRA Rail Forum:
– Understand the railway industry requirements
– Define the additional supplementary services that might be
needed
– Analyse the set of safety standards to be accomplished
– Define a roadmap of TETRA for railways applications
37. Main ETSI Standards of applications in railways
Safety related electronic systems for signalling (EN 50129)
Software safety (EN 50128)
Key Concepts
– Safety Case (SC): 6 documents
– Safety Integrity Level (SIL): from 1 to 4 (*)
– 10-9 < SIL 4 < 10-8
– 10-8 < SIL 3 < 10-7
– 10-7 < SIL 2 < 10-6
– 10-6 < SIL 1 < 10-5
TETRA industry has started to apply for SIL certifications according to
Safety Cases
(*) THR (Tolerable Hazard Rates)
38. TETRA vs. GSM-R
TETRA achieves or improve the voice requirements of
Railways systems (i.e. Call setup < 300 ms)
TETRA improve the current data rate (i.e. 19200 bps packet
data rate)
TETRA works in 380-470 Mhz, requiring half the base stations
(cost effective)
TETRA doubles the frequency efficiency (4 channels in 25
Khz)
TETRA has proven working at 574.8 km/h (ALSTOM, France,
2007)
40. Some TETRA References: Metro and Railway
RUSSIAN RAILWAY – Moscow-St.Petersburg Line, Russia
SIEMENS – Santiago Metro, Chile
SIEMENS – Alger Metro, Algiers
SUPERVIA – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
THALES - Buenavista-Cuautitlán Line, Mexico D.F., Mexico
ALSTOM – Line 12 Metro, Mexico D.F, Mexico
T-SYSTEMS – Nuremberg Metro, Germany
LISBON PUBLIC TRAMS – Portugal
TAIPEI METRO - Taiwan
BARCELONA UNDERGROUND – Line 9, Spain
SAMPOL - Metro de Mallorca, Spain
CAF, ANSALDOBREDA, - Metro de Madrid, Spain
METRO MADRID – Línea 2, Spain
EFACEC-IKUSI – Tenerife Light Trains, Spain
41. Conclusions
Professional Mobile Radio is dominant in transport today
TETRA is the most implemented technology
TETRA has proven to be the most adequate and cost
effective technology for AVL, providing efficient voice and
data communications with one communications system
TETRA is suitable to support exploitation in Metros (Manual
or Automated)
TETRA allows to remotely controls the trains, providing
enhanced security, efficiency and cost effectiveness
The new challenge for TETRA industry regarding transport
industry is to be adequate to be the future replacement of
GSM-R systems in Europe and the chosen technology in the
new implementations outside Europe
42. Thank You
Ignacio Callen
licallen@teltronic.es