The document explains how to convert large numbers into standard index form for easier comprehension and use. Standard index form breaks large numbers into a coefficient and a power of 10. Some key steps are: 1) Break the number into easier parts by identifying the power of 10; 2) The first number must be between 1 and 10; 3) Examples show how to convert numbers like 800,000,000,000, 30,000, and 67,000 into standard index form.