Soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) and schistosomiasis constitute major public health challenges among school‐age children in sub-Saharan Africa. Chemotherapy with the Benzimidazole chemical family is one of the most effective strategies to lower the rates of morbidity and mortality. But now a day anthelmintic resistance in the treatment and control of human helminthes has been reported in different areas in Ethiopia. The objective of this study, therefore, is to assess the efficacy of albendazole (400 mg, manufactured by Khandeiwal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd) currently in use against soil-transmitted helminth infections among school children in many areas of Ethiopia. A total of 180 elementary school children were chosen using random sampling technique. Each student was instructed to submit fresh stool specimen. Formal ether concentration technique and Kato-Katz method were done at the study sites and Aksum University, laboratory of Department of Biology and Biotechnology. Among the total study children, 170 submitted fresh stool samples giving a response rate of 96.77%. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 66.7 % (Adiet), 67.9% (Adwa) and 51.7% (Aksum). In all the study sites albendazole was effective against most soil-transmitted helminthes, with cure rate > 85%, and egg reduction rate >90%. However, it was less effective against Trichuris trichiura with cure rate 58.5% and 57.9% at Adiet and Adwa, respectively. Therefore, due attention should be given with regard to treating helminth positive individuals together with intense environmental sanitation to curb the burden of helminth infection and alternative chemotherapy against Trichuris trichiura should be supplied to the study areas.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) and schistosomiasis constitute major public health challenges among school‐age children in sub-Saharan Africa. Chemotherapy with the Benzimidazole chemical family is one of the most effective strategies to lower the rates of morbidity and mortality. But now a day anthelmintic resistance in the treatment and control of human helminthes has been reported in different areas in Ethiopia. The objective of this study, therefore, is to assess the efficacy of albendazole (400 mg, manufactured by Khandeiwal Laboratories Pvt. Ltd) currently in use against soil-transmitted helminth infections among school children in many areas of Ethiopia. A total of 180 elementary school children were chosen using random sampling technique. Each student was instructed to submit fresh stool specimen. Formal ether concentration technique and Kato-Katz method were done at the study sites and Aksum University, laboratory of Department of Biology and Biotechnology. Among the total study children, 170 submitted fresh stool samples giving a response rate of 96.77%. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 66.7 % (Adiet), 67.9% (Adwa) and 51.7% (Aksum). In all the study sites albendazole was effective against most soil-transmitted helminthes, with cure rate > 85%, and egg reduction rate >90%. However, it was less effective against Trichuris trichiura with cure rate 58.5% and 57.9% at Adiet and Adwa, respectively. Therefore, due attention should be given with regard to treating helminth positive individuals together with intense environmental sanitation to curb the burden of helminth infection and alternative chemotherapy against Trichuris trichiura should be supplied to the study areas.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Comparison of immunity against canine distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus af...Biogal
This study aimed at comparing the immunity of two multivalent vaccines in adult dogs in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.
VacciCheck was used in the study in order to determine the immunity levels of the dogs.
Prevalence Of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Pupils Attending Primary Schools ...IJRES Journal
The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among pupils attending two different primary schools in Bomo village, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria was investigated. A total of two hundred urine samples were collected and analysed for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium using centrifugation technique. The schools were located close to a lake where the pupils often swim among other recreational activities. A prevalence of 19.5% was obtained at the end of the study. The infection was higher among the male pupils (17.5%) than the female pupils (2.0%). There was higher infection in age group 11-15 years (13%), while pupils in age group 5-10 years had lower infection (6%). Structured questionnaires were used in collecting relevant data on risk factors and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis from the pupils. There is need for eradication of the intermediate host (Bulinus spp.) of schistosomes from lakes as well as a concerted effort in educating the pupils on the dangers of exposing themselves to unprotected water bodies.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis among Students ...Premier Publishers
Despite efforts and interventions to control Soil-transmitted Helminths infections, World Health Organization estimated 70.0% school aged children worldwide at risk of infection with at least one Soil-transmitted Helminths species, with 22% occurring in Africa; Soil-transmitted Helminths infections therefore still remain prevalent especially in developing countries. An epidemiological study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among Students of Government Day Secondary School Gidan Igwe Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria. A total of 90 faecal samples were collected and analyzed using wet preparation method to detect the ova of soil-transmitted helminths. Information on risk factors of STHs was obtained from the students through a structured questionnaire. Binary Logistic Regression was used to determine the risk factors of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis in the study area. Out of the 90 faecal samples examined, 54(60.0%) were found to be infected with at least one species of STHs or the other. Species of STHs encountered during the study in order of occurrence were; Ascaris lumbricoides (35.56%), Trichuris trichiura (16.67%), and Hookworm (7.77%). Results of Binary Logistic Regression indicated being 11-16 years old, farming activity, using well as a source of drinking water, walking barefooted, and not washing hands before and after meals as the major risk factors for the spread of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among the students. Therefore, public health attention is highly needed to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis among the study subjects in the area.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis Among Selected Group of Sudanese Patients by Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad in Advancements in Bioequivalence & Bioavailability
البحث المنشور - البلهارسيا - اليمن د. جواد الوبر .pdfDr. Gawad Alwabr
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN IN AL–MAHWEET GOVERNORATE, YEMEN
DOI: 10.7904/2068–4738–VII(13)–24
Gawad M. A. ALWABR
Soil-transmitted helminth infections in relation to the knowledge and practic...IOSR Journals
The relationship between soil-transmitted helminth infections and the knowledge and practice of preventive measures among school children in rural communities in Igbo-Eze South Local Government Area of Enugu State, South-Eastern Nigeria, was investigated. Stool samples were obtained from 1,296 school children (ages 4 – 15 years) from six schools randomly selected from the study area. Structured epidemiological questionnaires were administered to the children. Out of 1,296 school children examined, 106 (8.1 %) of the children were infected by soil-transmitted infections thus: 64 (4.9 %) with Ascarislumbricoides, 33 (2.5 %) with hookworm, and 9 (0.7 %) with Trichuristrichiura. There were significant differences in the prevalence of these infections (P < 0.05). Soil-transmitted helminth infections showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) relationships with knowledge and practice of preventive measures among school children in the study area. The study revealed that soil-transmitted helminth infections were abundant among school children of the study area, indicating the necessity of implementing control measures such as chemotherapy, provision of adequate sanitary facilities and safe drinking water.
Comparison of immunity against canine distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus af...Biogal
This study aimed at comparing the immunity of two multivalent vaccines in adult dogs in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.
VacciCheck was used in the study in order to determine the immunity levels of the dogs.
Prevalence Of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Pupils Attending Primary Schools ...IJRES Journal
The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among pupils attending two different primary schools in Bomo village, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria was investigated. A total of two hundred urine samples were collected and analysed for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium using centrifugation technique. The schools were located close to a lake where the pupils often swim among other recreational activities. A prevalence of 19.5% was obtained at the end of the study. The infection was higher among the male pupils (17.5%) than the female pupils (2.0%). There was higher infection in age group 11-15 years (13%), while pupils in age group 5-10 years had lower infection (6%). Structured questionnaires were used in collecting relevant data on risk factors and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis from the pupils. There is need for eradication of the intermediate host (Bulinus spp.) of schistosomes from lakes as well as a concerted effort in educating the pupils on the dangers of exposing themselves to unprotected water bodies.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis among Students ...Premier Publishers
Despite efforts and interventions to control Soil-transmitted Helminths infections, World Health Organization estimated 70.0% school aged children worldwide at risk of infection with at least one Soil-transmitted Helminths species, with 22% occurring in Africa; Soil-transmitted Helminths infections therefore still remain prevalent especially in developing countries. An epidemiological study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among Students of Government Day Secondary School Gidan Igwe Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria. A total of 90 faecal samples were collected and analyzed using wet preparation method to detect the ova of soil-transmitted helminths. Information on risk factors of STHs was obtained from the students through a structured questionnaire. Binary Logistic Regression was used to determine the risk factors of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis in the study area. Out of the 90 faecal samples examined, 54(60.0%) were found to be infected with at least one species of STHs or the other. Species of STHs encountered during the study in order of occurrence were; Ascaris lumbricoides (35.56%), Trichuris trichiura (16.67%), and Hookworm (7.77%). Results of Binary Logistic Regression indicated being 11-16 years old, farming activity, using well as a source of drinking water, walking barefooted, and not washing hands before and after meals as the major risk factors for the spread of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among the students. Therefore, public health attention is highly needed to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis among the study subjects in the area.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis Among Selected Group of Sudanese Patients by Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad in Advancements in Bioequivalence & Bioavailability
البحث المنشور - البلهارسيا - اليمن د. جواد الوبر .pdfDr. Gawad Alwabr
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN IN AL–MAHWEET GOVERNORATE, YEMEN
DOI: 10.7904/2068–4738–VII(13)–24
Gawad M. A. ALWABR
Soil-transmitted helminth infections in relation to the knowledge and practic...IOSR Journals
The relationship between soil-transmitted helminth infections and the knowledge and practice of preventive measures among school children in rural communities in Igbo-Eze South Local Government Area of Enugu State, South-Eastern Nigeria, was investigated. Stool samples were obtained from 1,296 school children (ages 4 – 15 years) from six schools randomly selected from the study area. Structured epidemiological questionnaires were administered to the children. Out of 1,296 school children examined, 106 (8.1 %) of the children were infected by soil-transmitted infections thus: 64 (4.9 %) with Ascarislumbricoides, 33 (2.5 %) with hookworm, and 9 (0.7 %) with Trichuristrichiura. There were significant differences in the prevalence of these infections (P < 0.05). Soil-transmitted helminth infections showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) relationships with knowledge and practice of preventive measures among school children in the study area. The study revealed that soil-transmitted helminth infections were abundant among school children of the study area, indicating the necessity of implementing control measures such as chemotherapy, provision of adequate sanitary facilities and safe drinking water.
Evaluation of Helminth Infection among Infants in Umunakanu Ama Autonomous Co...Premier Publishers
The prevalence of intestinal helminth infection in Umunakanu Ama autonomous community in Imo State was assayed by macroscopic examination followed by microscopic examination of the stool sample using both direct smear method and saturated sodium chloride floatation technique. Out of 30 samples collected and examined, 20 were positive for intestinal helminth infections. The results showed that the parasitic infestation rates were 76.67%, and the helminthes observed include Enterobius vermicularis (6.67%), Schistosoma interclatum (13.33%), Trichuris trichuria (10.00%), Strongyloides stercoralis (6.67%), Ascaris lumbricoides (16.67%) and Ancylostoma duodenale (23.33%). The 7 – 12-months age group has the highest prevalence rate which increases as the infant grow. The females had the highest prevalence rate (75%) in terms of gender evaluation, infants whose parents/guardian are farmers held the highest prevalence rate (90%). This was a result of constant exposure to soil and close contact to animals like goats, sheep, etc.
The Correlation of Nutritional Status and Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthia...Premier Publishers
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the nutritional status and prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among primary school children in Wamakko local government, Sokoto, Nigeria. A total of 400 stool samples were collected from pupils and analyzed using formol-ether concentration technique. Information on the type of the used toilet, were obtained through questionnaire while anthropometric measurements were used to determine the nutritional status of the study subjects. Out of 400 stool samples examined, 134 (33.5%) were found be infected with intestinal helminthiasis. The most prevalent intestinal helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides (85.14%) while Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni were the least prevalence (2.03% each). Prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis did not significantly associate with nutritional status. This study indicates that intestinal helminthiasis is a significant health problem. Therefore, mass chemotherapy, provision of potable water, provision of sanitation facilities and health education on body hygiene is highly recommended to curtail these alarming infections.
Prevalence of Malaria Infection and Malaria Anaemia among Children Attending ...theijes
Malaria associated anaemia represent a major public health problem. Thestudy considered Out-Patient children at Emergency Paediatric Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Yola aged 6 months-15 years from June to November 2015. Questionnaires were used to collect information relating to gender, age and parents/guardians sociodemographic characteristics. Microscopic examination of Thick and Thin blood films a technique was employed, Pack Cell Volumewas used to screen for anaemia. Of the 168 children sampled, the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia was 29.2% and 26.2% respectively and it was associated with P. falciparum. Malaria infection in relation to anaemia, children with mild anaemia (47.6%) had the highest infection rate. It was observed that malaria infection was higher among males (32.2%) than the females (25.6%), age group 5-9 years (34.2%) had the highest malaria infection and least was ≥15 years (20.0%) but these were statistically insignificant within gender and age of the children and malaria infection (p˃0.05). Higher malaria infection among children whose parents/guardians were unemployed (38.5%), attended primary education (52.6%) and reside in village setting (31.4%). Malaria anaemia in relation to children epidemiological data, males (31.6%), 5-9 years (31.6%) recorded with high prevalence rate while sociodemographic characteristics of parents/guardians, children whose parents/guardians were civil servant (18.9%), attended tertiary education (13.8%) and live in quarters (11.1%) had the least prevalence rate of malaria anaemia. Children gender, parents/guardians occupation and educational qualification were significantly associated with malaria anaemia (p˂0.05). Therefore, parents/guardians sociodemographic factors such as better occupation, higher educational qualification and well layout and refined area of residence reduces the prevalence of malaria infection and malaria anaemia in children. There is need to sensitized public on the importance of management of malaria and the possible effects of malaria anaemia on children in order to circumvent the menace.
Malaria parasitaemia and socioeconomic status of selected residents of Emohua...IOSRJPBS
In Nigeria, malaria consistently ranks among the five most common cause of death in children. This study investigated the prevalence of malaria and socioeconomic status of someresidents of Emohua Community, Rivers State, Nigeria.Following ethical clearance which was obtained from the University of Port Harcourt and the parents of the subjects who gave their written consents, blood samples were collected through vein puncture from 200 subjects within the age 0-17years, from July 2014-February 2015. Structured questionnaire were administered to the subjects and parents provided answers for younger children.Thick and Thin films were examined microscopically using oil immersion objective following the standardparasitological method. The thin films were fixed with methanol and all films were stained with 10% Giemsa stain diluted with 7.2 buffer water for 10 minutes. The demographic characteristics of 200 subjects examined in Emohua showed that 120(60%) were females and 60(40%) were males. Sex related prevalence showed that more females were infected with 66(62.3%) and had higher parasite density of 144720/ul than males with 40 (37.7%) and parasite density of 106160/ul though the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Out of the 200 subjects examined, 106(53.0%) were positive for Plasmodium falciparum. Age related prevalence showed that subjects within the age 0-3years and 4-6years had higher prevalence of 62 (31%) followed by those within the age 7-9years with 31(15.5%) and the least with zero prevalence was within the age 16-18 years. Those within the age of 4-6years had higher parasite density of 71680/ul followed by 0-3years of age with parasite density of 63360/ul while those within the age 16-18yrs had none (0). The difference in prevalence of malaria in relation to age was significant (P<0.05).>0.05). Subjects that used treated net were more with 117(58.5%), followed by those that do not use net at all with 54(27%) and those whose nets were untreated with 28(14%). Only 1(0.5%) person believed in the potency of prayer as a preventive measure against malaria while none trusted environmental sanitation. Subjects that are non- net users had higher prevalence of 46(85.2%) and more parasite density of 98080/ul followed by the untreated net users with 22(78.6%) and parasite density of 77280/ul while the least prevalence was recorded among the treated net users with 38(32.5%) and parasite density of 75520/ul. The differences in prevalence of infection in relation to preventive measures was significant (P<0.05).more><0.05).There is need to improve socio-economic status and awareness for total compliance to preventive measures among the subjects so as to reduce the malaria prevalence rate to the desired zero level
Comparative study of the effectiveness of combination therapies based on atem...Open Access Research Paper
The National Malaria Control Program recommended in 1993, the use of Chloroquina (CQ) as first line drug for malaria treatment, and sulfadoxin pyrimethamin as second drug. After years, Benin knows resistance about these antimalarials. Quinina was to treat gravities. In 2004, the strategy of treatment changed. Treatment of malaria cases is based on use of arteminisinia therapeutic combination. The goal of this study is to be sure that these drugs are efficace before general use in the country and in some regions as Dassa Zounmè where the resistance is up (61. 3% for Chloroquina CQ and 45.9% for SP in 2002).The study is based on: comparison of therapeutic efficacy of artemether Lumefantrine and Artesunate Amodiaquine. Results show that all of the tested drugs have good therapeutic efficacy. Most important rate failure is in Dassa Zounmè (33, 86%) than Parakou (23, 44%). They are parasitologic failure and are probably due to the reinfestation of children. Two drugs have a good parasitological clearance and eliminate fever after 2 days of treatment.
Abstract—The aim of the study was to observe the prevalence of various microorganisms from throat swab specimens in patients attending a tertiary care hospital at Chinakakani, Guntur. Throat swab specimens were collected aseptically from 100 patients and cultured on appropriate bacteriological media. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests & antimicrobial susceptibility performed by standard methods. Out of 100 Samples, culture was positive in 25 samples. So Bacterial infection was found in 25% of Pharyngitis. Streptococcus pyogenes was the commonest isolate, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Majority of bacteria were Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In 60% it was mixed infection. The susceptibility patterns varied depending on the drugs, but most of the organisms were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin and vancomycin. Improved personal hygiene and health education of the masses on how to care for ear, nose and throat will greatly reduce these microbial infections. This study will be useful for control strategies and for predicting pathogen prevalence in throat swabs.
Studies on Seasonal Variations in the Occurrences of Schistosoma haematobium ...iosrjce
Urinary schistosomiasis in most cases is complicated with bacterial infections because the so called
normal flora of the genito- urinary tract has a better chance of entering and invading the underlying internal
tissues as a result of the constant tear and scar of the epithelium by the spiny schistosomal eggs. The study was
carried ou ton seasonal variations in the occurrences of Schistosoma haematobium and bacterial urinary
infections among school age children in 8 irrigation rural communities of four Local Government Areas of
Kano State from March 2012 to February 2013, in order to determine the incidence of S. haematobium and its
co-infection with bacterial pathogens among the pupils. Ethical clearance was sought from the State Universal
Basic Education Board (SUBEB). Midstream urine samples were collected in sterile universal containers and
transported to the laboratory in cold box for the laboratory procession. Urine sedimentation was carried out
using centrifugation method, followed by microscopic examination the of S. haematobium. Urinalysis was
carried out on each sample particularly to detect the presence of important makers of urinary schistosomiasis
and urinary tract infections. Sample culture was carried out on Blood Agar and cystein lactose electrolyte
deficiency (CLED) medium; Gram staining and biochemical analyses were carried out for characterization of
the Bacterial pathogens. A total of 960 pupils were examined (480 in each of the dry and rainy seasons
respectively), of which 306 (31.88%) were males and 112 (11.66%) were females; 165 (34.73%) male pupils
and 57 (11.88%) females were found to be infected with S. haematobium during the dry season whereas 141
(14.69%) males and 55 (5.73%) females were found to be infected during the rainy season. The highest
prevalence of 115 (23.96%) was found among the 11-13years age group in dry season while the lowest
prevalence of 12 (2.50%) was found among the 14-16years age group the dry seasons. In rainy season, the 11-
13 years age group had the highest prevalence (107) (22.29%) and 14-16years age group had the lowest
prevalence (17) (3.54%).With regard to urinary tract pathogens, (8) (0.83%) female pupils and 4 (0.42%) male
pupils were found to be infected during dry season while in rainy season, 70 (7.29%) females and 42 (4.38%)
male pupils were infected. Considering co-infection, the rainy season had highest prevalence (4.38%) while dry
season was found to have least prevalence (0.2%); the overall co-occurrence being 8.13%.The study shows no
significant relationship between S. haematobium and urinary tract pathogens and seasonal variation has no
profound effect on the occurrence of S. haematobium but plays an important role in urinary tract infections.
Aim: Acute gastroenteritis outbreaks common health problem throughout the world especially in children. Everyyear thousands of children dies because of the diarrhea cause of bacterias, parasites and viral diseases.In this study we aim to find the rates of the agents cause diarrhoea, children under 5 years old according to the seasons.
Matherials and methods: In this study 216 stool samples ,children under 5 years old age ,are examine with some tests for Rotaviruses, Adenoviruses, Salmonella, Shigella, Entemoeba and Giardia, Clostridium difficile(ToxinA, Toxin B). Gastroenteritis were tested for Clostridium difficile by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay(ToxinA, Toxin B). CerTest Rotavirus and Adenovirus Card Test (CerTest, Biotec, Spain), a qualitative immunochromatographic assay was used to detect rotavirus and adenovirus antigens.This immunochromatic tests used for detecting Giardia and Entemoeba antigens too and most of the cases we support our results with the microscopy. They were also examined by ELISA for Clostridium difficile cytotoxins A and B. We used macconcey medium for finding the lactose negative colonies after that selenit-f media used for detecting only salmonella and shigella in the stool samples, the final results has been reached by the IMVIC tests.
Result: Infections results 40.74% rotavirus (adenovirus 13.42%, 5 case is mixed infections ) , bacteria 24.98% and parasites 20.82% . Some agents are peak in the cold seasons for example most Rotavirus outbreaks increased in winter.(November 11.36%, December 14.77%, January 13.76%, February 25% ). In contrast some outbreaks occured in hot seasons especially Salmonella ( June 21.42%, July 28.57%, August 35.71%) and Shigella (June 20 %, July 20% ,August 30%)(Table 1).
Conclusion: This study find the highest proportion of dual diarhoeal infections was identified in February, March and April and seasonal occurrence of some mono-infections; infection by rotavirus is more frequent in winter and spring In conclusion we believe that analysis of viral antigens,bacterias and the parasites as a diarrheal agents in stool sample is important in 0-5 years old infants because of hospitalizations and unneccessary drugs.
Clinical Profile of Envenomation in Children With Reference To Snake Biteiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum in children below 12 years presenting...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study of Bacterial Isolates and their Susceptibility Pattern in Chronic Suppu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Bacteriological and Mycological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media I...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of School Children on Prevention and Contro...Premier Publishers
Superficial fungal infections are common among school-going children due to their involvement in practices that promote the spread at school or home. However, practices, knowledge and attitude of these children on prevention and control of fungal infection are poorly understood. This study assessed the practices, knowledge and attitude on the prevention and control of fungal infections among 163 children aged 5-12 years in western Kenya. A cross-sectional study design and systematic sampling method were adopted. Information on knowledge, attitude and practices on fungal prevention and control was collected using a structured questionnaire. Results showed that over 50% of the pupils had adequate knowledge on prevention and control of superficial fungal infections. On attitude, 58.9%of the children believed that those with fungal infection should not be allowed to play with others or go to school. Furthermore, 70.6% and 54.6% of the pupils agreed that sharing of toys and hairbrushes respectively leads in promoting the infections. These findings show that pupils demonstrate a good knowledge of superficial fungal with marked limited infection and control measures. Therefore, there is a need for stakeholders in health and education sectors to develop a policy framework involving learners in prevention and control of fungal infections.
Similar to INCIDENCE OF HOOKWORM (Ancylostoma duodenale) INFECTION BETWEEN TWO PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN YANDEV COMMUNITY (20)
The development of science education should be accorded a primal place in the overall framework of stabilizing the Nigerian economy. The paper examines the contributions of science education in the development of Nigerian economy, the paper observes that effective science education help control menaces bedeviling our education system. and practical policies are crucial in advancing Nigeria economically, given the huge challenges facing the giant of Africa. An alternate use of technical or innovative science education from oil which is about to go extinct. Corruption and examination malpractice are identified to be rubbishing every efforts made towards attainment of improved science education that could guarantee sustained national development in Nigeria. This paper attempts to assess the contributions of science education in order to make significant progress in terms of national development and job creation.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
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INCIDENCE OF HOOKWORM (Ancylostoma duodenale) INFECTION BETWEEN TWO PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN YANDEV COMMUNITY
1. 1
INCIDENCE OF HOOKWORM (Ancylostoma duodenale) INFECTION BETWEEN TWO
PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN YANDEV COMMUNITY
Ukoro, F. O.
Department of Basic Sciences, Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, PMB 181, Gboko
Benue State. NIGERIA. Corresponding Author: frankukoro@gmail.com; +2348063219557
Abstract
The study was conducted in Yandev community to investigate the incidence of Hookworm
(Ancylostomiasis) infection between two primary schools, in the study area; AOCAY staff
Primary Schools and Root Primary School. Samples were collected randomly between the two
primary schools. A total number of (200) two hundred samples were collected, hundred (100)
from each schools. After the Analysis the Result shows that out of 100 samples collected from
Root Primary Schools 6(6%) were positive and AOCAY staff schools 18(18%) were also positive
on the incidence of Ancylostomiasis (Hookworm) infection. A total of 24(12%) were infected.
The rate of infection was high in AOCAY Staff primary schools than Root primary School; 18%
and 6% respectively as the infection rate. In AOCAY Staff primary school by sex, male were
more infected than female; 10(20%) and 8(16%) infection rate. Regarding ages i.e. 10-13 in
both male and female (Root primary) were lesser infected than AOCAY primary schools.
3(7.5%) and 9 (22.5%) respectively. This corresponds with the findings made by Huttly, (1990).
That improper sanitation and unhealthy can cause the active penetration of this organism into
the HOST.
KEY WORD: Hookworm, Ancylostomiasis, Infection, Parasite, Host, Diagnosis
2. 2
Introduction
Hookworm is a parasite that belongs to the family ancylostomatidae a part of super family
strongyloides. The two major genera that affect man are; Necator and Ancylostoma.
Classification of the Parasites
Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum- Aschelminthes
Class- Nematoda
Order- Strongyloidea
Family – Ancylostomatidae
Genus – Ancylostoma
Species -duodenale.
Source 9:
Ancylostoma duodenale is prevalent in the southern Europe, northern Africa, Indian, China and
Southeast Asia, small area of United States, the Caribbean Island, and South Africa. This
hookworm is well known in mines because of consistency in temperature and humidity that
provide an ideal habitat for egg and juvenile development 6. The distribution and prevalence of
Ancylostoma. duodenale and Necator americanus differs from region to region2
, Ancylostomiasis
is an intestinal parasite of human that causes mild diarrhea and abdominal pain known as
ancylostomiasis. It is transmitted to human by active penetration into the skin of its host4
. Human
can contact this organism via inadequate sanitation; the parasites are ancylostoma duodenale and
Necator americanus. Ancylostomiasis is a condition caused by Ancylostoma. Ancylostoma is
also known as Miners Anemia, tunnel disease-detailed by some brick- maker’s anemia and
3. 3
Egyptian chlorosis. Ancylostoma is occurs when hookworms, present in large number produce
and iron deficiency anemia by sucking blood of host intestinal walls.2
Ancylostoma duodenale is considered to cause health problem for new birth and pregnant women
and person who are malnourished thus causing intellectual cognitive and growth retardation
prematurely in susceptive children. Hookworm is the leading cause of maternal and child
morbidity 7.
About 740 million individuals today have been estimated to be infected with
hookworm. The destruction causes decrease in economic productivities8
.
The aim of the present work was to determine the degree of infection of hookworm on children
within the primary school in Root primary schools and AOCAY staff primary School in Yandev,
Gboko in Benue State.
Materials and Methods
Study Population, Sample Collection and Techniques
The study was carried out in Root Primary Schools and AOCAY Staff Primary Schools. Sample
collection was by random selection in both primary schools. Total number of sample collected
was two hundred (200); One hundred (100) from each school. Collections were made between
July –September, 2016. The gender, age and class of children in each school were randomly
sampled for Ancylostomiasis. A sample container was given to each pupil to collect his/her stool.
A total of sample daily; and twice weekly, bringing net collection sample to be 20. The sample
was collected from both males and females. The techniques were done in such a way that
containers were shared, faecal sample was collected the next day and taken to the laboratory and
smear on grease free glass slide and covered with cover slip. The sex and age of the pupils were
considered accordingly.
4. 4
Preparation of Sample
An applicator stick was used to collect a pinch of stool sample from a batched sample container.
A grease free slide was used to analyze the stool sample under the microscope. One (1) drop of
normal saline was added on the free grease glass slide and a smear was made on the glass slide.
10g of sodium chloride (Nacl) was weighed and dissolved in 90 ml 0f distilled water in a
volumetric flask. 1g of stool sample from the specimen bottle was put into a test tube mixed with
physiological saline by dissolving all the particles with an applicator stick. The sample was
centrifuged at 200 rmp for 15mm using a manual bench centrifuged with 6pots. The supernatant
fluid then decanted and the sediment transferred into a clean glass slip and was observed under
x10 and x40 objective lens. Prepared slide was observed and identified according to the
procedure outline by1
. The glass slide sample was mounted under x10 and x40 objective lens to
confirm. Chart was used to aid the view of the sample to identify the ova of the organism
Ancylostoma duodenale.
5. 5
Result and Discussion
The result of the incidence of Ancylostomiasis in Root Primary Schools and AOCAY Staff
Primary school are presented in table 1-4.
TABLE 1: Incidence of Ancylostomiasis infection between Root Primary Schools and
AOCAY staff schools.
S/N Schools No. Examined No. of Positive % of infection
1 Root primary school 100 6 06:00
2 AOCAY Staff primary schools 100 18 18:00
Total 200 24 24.00
TABLE 2: Distribution and percentage of infection rate by sex among children in Root
primary school.
S/No. Sex No Examined No. of positive % of Infection
1 MALE 50 3 06.00
2 FEMALE 50 3 06.00
TOTAL 100 6 12.00
TABLE 3: Incidence of Ancylostomiasis infection by sex among children in AOCAY Staff
primary school.
S/No Sex No Examined No. of Positive % of Infection
1 MALE 50 10 20.0
2 FEMALE 50 8 16.0
TOTAL 100 18 36.0
6. 6
TABLE 4: Incidence of Ancylostomiasis infection by age-group among Root primary school
and AOCAY Staff primary school.
S/No Age-Group No Examined No of Positive % Infected
1 Root Primary
6 – 8
8 – 10
10 – 13
25
35
40
1
2
3
4.0
5.7
7.5
2 AOCAY Staff Primary
6 – 8
8 – 10
10 -13
25
35
40
4
5
9
16.0
14.3
22.5
TOTAL 200 24 12
The results showed that out of 200 pupils examined for Ancylostomiasis infection, 24 (12%)
were found infected with A. duodenale in both schools. AOCAY Staff Primary school had higher
infection rate than Root primary school with only 12% by difference. The result also shows that
6% was identified in root primary school compare to AOCAY staff primary with 18% rate of
infection.
The result obtained from the present study indicated that less than half of the children under 8
year old children were positive for disease of ancylostomiasis, between the two primary school
than those above 10 years old. The low rate of infection in root primary school could have been
due to better sanitation in that environment compare to the high rate of ancylostomiasis infection
in the public AOCAY staff primary school which compromises sanitation. The result of the
present study agrees with the earlier report made by 4
and 3
that improper sanitation could cause
the inversion or contact of these ova of ancylostomiasis and active penetration of the larvae
could affect the individual who play around with soil in the environment.
7. 7
Base on the result of the study, it may be recommended that proper stool disposal into
appropriate places must be followed while personal health and hygiene must be observed to
checkmate the disease. Albendazole, Mebendazole among others may also be recommended as a
drug of choice to tackle the menace of the incidence of this disease.
Reference
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8. 8
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two primary schools in Yandev community, Munich, GRIN Verlag, V512345.