This document summarizes a study on improving family planning services for adolescents in rural Ghana. The study found that adolescents had high rates of marriage, pregnancy and birth compared to their knowledge of and use of contraceptives. Both adolescents and community members viewed family planning positively in terms of smaller families and improved health, but negatively in terms of promoting promiscuity. The study recommends expanding family planning education and services, pursuing diverse methods of information dissemination, and further investigating attitudes and behaviors.
The document discusses the mental health of children in care in Ireland. It provides statistics on the number of children in care, which has been increasing in recent years. Studies show children in care have significantly higher rates of mental health disorders than the general population, around 4-5 times higher. The document outlines risks factors and vulnerabilities of this group. It reviews Irish research that found high rates of mental health problems and service utilization among looked after children. Issues identified include delays in care, placement instability, and lack of care planning. The document calls for increased resources and supports for the mental health of children in care.
Household structures and family dynamics in the UK have changed significantly over the past 50 years. Marriage and divorce rates rose in the 1970s but have since stabilized. More people are living alone or in single-parent households. As people live longer, they require greater social and informal caregiving support, which families and communities traditionally provide. Women disproportionately take on caregiving duties. These changing demographics and lifestyles will influence future health needs and support systems for older populations.
This document summarizes population and housing census data from 2011 for the Karail slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It includes the following key points:
1) The population of Karail was 40,767 with 21,286 males and 19,481 females. The majority (89.8%) of households were kutcha (temporary) structures.
2) The largest age groups were 25-29 years (25.4%) and 20-24 years (12.3%). Literacy rates were higher for males (56.5%) than females (47%).
3) Most households had electricity (98.4%) but drinking water sources were split between tap (43.9%), tube
The document discusses findings from the Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey conducted in 2006 across 26 countries. Some key findings include:
- Global sexual satisfaction was found to be mediocre, with only 44% being fully satisfied. Factors like achieving orgasm, maintaining erection, and frequency of sex were strongly linked to higher satisfaction.
- Achieving orgasm was the top driver of satisfaction, though men were more likely to achieve orgasm than women. Frequency of orgasm correlated closely with women's satisfaction levels.
- Having sex weekly or more often had a strong impact on full satisfaction for both men and women compared to less frequent sex. Duration of foreplay and intercourse also impacted satisfaction.
3.4 Effectively Collecting, Coordinating, and Using Youth Data
Speaker: Peter Connery
Data is essential to create effective evidence-based strategies to prevent and end homelessness. This workshop will examine methodologies of point-in-time counts and other surveys, discuss coordinating HMIS with mainstream data systems and explore ways to use these data to inform policy decisions and interventions.
Diversity and Inclusion at Rangle: Internal Survey ResultsRangle.io
Rangle is publishing the results of our internal #diversity and inclusion survey in hopes of furthering the conversation and #transparency in technology. This is an extension of the summary posted on our blog: https://blog.rangle.io/diversity-and-inclusion-report/
The survey analyzed the relationship between mental health outcomes and relationship status in over 8,000 gay and bisexual men. It found that single men reported higher rates of suicidal thoughts, loneliness, sadness, depression, and suicide attempts compared to partnered men. Partnered men had slightly higher rates of these mental health issues than men partnered with women. The results suggest that being in a relationship is associated with better mental health outcomes for gay and bisexual men.
The importance of programmes targeting young women from disadvantaged areas |...StreetGames
This document discusses Sport England's Active Women programme, which provides £7.5 million in funding to projects targeting women from disadvantaged communities and those caring for children. It summarizes findings from the first year that recruitment targets were largely met but retention was challenging, and that women reported positive impacts on their activity levels, fitness, and self-esteem. It also outlines lessons learned about attracting and retaining women, such as convenient times, childcare, incentives, and social support, and next steps like continued delivery and evaluation and a place-based pilot project.
The document discusses the mental health of children in care in Ireland. It provides statistics on the number of children in care, which has been increasing in recent years. Studies show children in care have significantly higher rates of mental health disorders than the general population, around 4-5 times higher. The document outlines risks factors and vulnerabilities of this group. It reviews Irish research that found high rates of mental health problems and service utilization among looked after children. Issues identified include delays in care, placement instability, and lack of care planning. The document calls for increased resources and supports for the mental health of children in care.
Household structures and family dynamics in the UK have changed significantly over the past 50 years. Marriage and divorce rates rose in the 1970s but have since stabilized. More people are living alone or in single-parent households. As people live longer, they require greater social and informal caregiving support, which families and communities traditionally provide. Women disproportionately take on caregiving duties. These changing demographics and lifestyles will influence future health needs and support systems for older populations.
This document summarizes population and housing census data from 2011 for the Karail slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It includes the following key points:
1) The population of Karail was 40,767 with 21,286 males and 19,481 females. The majority (89.8%) of households were kutcha (temporary) structures.
2) The largest age groups were 25-29 years (25.4%) and 20-24 years (12.3%). Literacy rates were higher for males (56.5%) than females (47%).
3) Most households had electricity (98.4%) but drinking water sources were split between tap (43.9%), tube
The document discusses findings from the Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey conducted in 2006 across 26 countries. Some key findings include:
- Global sexual satisfaction was found to be mediocre, with only 44% being fully satisfied. Factors like achieving orgasm, maintaining erection, and frequency of sex were strongly linked to higher satisfaction.
- Achieving orgasm was the top driver of satisfaction, though men were more likely to achieve orgasm than women. Frequency of orgasm correlated closely with women's satisfaction levels.
- Having sex weekly or more often had a strong impact on full satisfaction for both men and women compared to less frequent sex. Duration of foreplay and intercourse also impacted satisfaction.
3.4 Effectively Collecting, Coordinating, and Using Youth Data
Speaker: Peter Connery
Data is essential to create effective evidence-based strategies to prevent and end homelessness. This workshop will examine methodologies of point-in-time counts and other surveys, discuss coordinating HMIS with mainstream data systems and explore ways to use these data to inform policy decisions and interventions.
Diversity and Inclusion at Rangle: Internal Survey ResultsRangle.io
Rangle is publishing the results of our internal #diversity and inclusion survey in hopes of furthering the conversation and #transparency in technology. This is an extension of the summary posted on our blog: https://blog.rangle.io/diversity-and-inclusion-report/
The survey analyzed the relationship between mental health outcomes and relationship status in over 8,000 gay and bisexual men. It found that single men reported higher rates of suicidal thoughts, loneliness, sadness, depression, and suicide attempts compared to partnered men. Partnered men had slightly higher rates of these mental health issues than men partnered with women. The results suggest that being in a relationship is associated with better mental health outcomes for gay and bisexual men.
The importance of programmes targeting young women from disadvantaged areas |...StreetGames
This document discusses Sport England's Active Women programme, which provides £7.5 million in funding to projects targeting women from disadvantaged communities and those caring for children. It summarizes findings from the first year that recruitment targets were largely met but retention was challenging, and that women reported positive impacts on their activity levels, fitness, and self-esteem. It also outlines lessons learned about attracting and retaining women, such as convenient times, childcare, incentives, and social support, and next steps like continued delivery and evaluation and a place-based pilot project.
This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among 1,379 Arab women in Qatar within 6 months of delivery. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen participants. The prevalence of postpartum depression was found to be 17.6%. Mothers who were older, less educated, housewives, had lower incomes, maternal/infant complications, poor family/marital support, financial difficulties, prematurity, and dissatisfaction in marriage had higher rates of postpartum depression.
A study of teens ages 13 to 18 found that 7.2% reported sexting in the past year, mostly through text messages. Sexting was more common among older teens and associated with other risky sexual behaviors like multiple partners and lack of condom use. Teens who sexted also reported higher substance use and lower self-esteem compared to those who did not sext. While often portrayed as a technology problem, sexting may better be viewed as a part of adolescent sexual development and exploration, and in some cases a marker for psychosocial challenges.
The document provides a summary of key findings from Myanmar's 2019 Integrated Household Living Conditions Assessment Survey (ICS). Some of the main findings include:
- The population of Myanmar is distributed unevenly across states/regions, with close to 50% living in Yangon, Mandalay, Ayeyawady and Shan regions.
- The total fertility rate nationally is 3.9 children per woman, ranging from 6.4 in Chin State to 3.3 in Bago, Yangon and Ayeyawady.
- Literacy rates have improved but a gap remains between urban (95%) and rural (78.5%) areas. Nearly half of those aged 25+ have only a
Presentation by Mathijs Lucassen at the symposium LGBTTI Wellness & Suicide: What do we need to change? Hosted in Auckland on 27 February 2013 by Auckland DHB, Affinity Services, OUTLine NZ, Rainbow Youth and the Mental Health Foundation.
Is there public support for policies promoting healthybrownschool
This document summarizes a study on public support for policies promoting physical activity. The study surveyed over 1,200 adults about their support for various school and community physical activity policies. It found high support for policies requiring physical education in schools. Characteristics like gender, age, and education predicted support for school policies, while race, community walkability, and education predicted support for community policies. The results provide insights into advocacy strategies and which groups to target for increasing policy support. The study is part of a larger research agenda on physical activity policy through a national research network.
Child labour in cotton growing haryana 23 febbsmihd
This document provides statistics on child labor in three cotton growing districts of Haryana, India. It finds that approximately 271,360 children aged 6-14 and 128,598 children aged 15-17 are estimated to be working, totaling around 495,900 children. The majority of working children are involved in both main work and subsidiary work on farms and fields. Specifically regarding cotton, around 7,627 children aged 6-14 are estimated to work in cotton, primarily in subsidiary roles on farms. Older children aged 15-17 show higher rates of main work in cotton, with an estimated 5,043 children. The statistics suggest child labor remains a significant issue in the cotton industry of Haryana, with nearly 100,
A comparative assessment of sociodemographic factors associated with hiv infe...Dr Saude Ibrahim
This study compared socio-demographic factors associated with HIV infection between the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), a consistently high prevalence area, and Jigawa State, a consistently low prevalence area in Nigeria. HIV prevalence was higher in FCT (6.6%) than Jigawa (1.9%). Key predictors of HIV in FCT were having multiple sexual partners and a history of blood transfusion. In Jigawa, lack of Qur'anic education was the main predictor. Across both areas, being unaware of a partner's HIV status and having sexually transmitted infections increased HIV risk. The study concludes differences in HIV prevalence may relate to socio-demographic, cultural and religious factors between the areas.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
This study examined socio-demographic factors associated with perinatal mortality in a rural area of central India over one year. The perinatal mortality rate was found to be 17.07 per 1000 live births. Early age at pregnancy, illiteracy, rural residence, and low socioeconomic status were commonly associated with higher perinatal deaths. Effective measures to reduce perinatal mortality need to target improving education for women, employment opportunities, and healthcare access in rural areas.
1) An experiment in Zambia found that a government cash transfer program that provided $12 per month to households with children under 5 years old did not increase fertility over 4 years.
2) The study used a randomized controlled trial to compare fertility outcomes of over 2,500 households that received the cash transfer to those that did not. It found no significant impacts on several measures of fertility.
3) This adds to evidence from other developing countries that unconditional cash transfers generally do not increase fertility, as they empower people to make their own decisions rather than feeling obligated to have more children due to the transfer.
This document provides preliminary data from a survey of 938 youth in private out-of-home placements in Minnesota. It finds that the majority were male (64%) and identified as white (49.7%) or black (20.6%). Common disabilities/diagnoses included disruptive behavior disorder (52.6%), mood disorder (50%), and PTSD (23.9%). Group homes had higher percentages of LGBT youth (11.7%) compared to residential facilities (9.7%) and foster homes (3.3%). Residential facilities served more youth with intellectual/developmental disabilities (8.3%) compared to group homes (1.6%) and foster homes (11.2%). The data is still being analyzed
Kabir Uddin Ahmed's presentation at UNICEF Innocenti's Inception Scoping Workshop for Evidence on Educational Strategies to Address Child Labour in India & Bangladesh, held in New Delhi in November 2019.
This document summarizes survey results from Action for M.E. and the Association of Young People with M.E. regarding the severity of M.E. symptoms by age. It shows that:
- The percentage of people bedbound decreases with age, from 9.09% of those aged 0-11 to 4.95% of those over 66.
- The percentage housebound is highest for those aged 12-17 at 27.22% and decreases with age.
- The largest group for all ages is those mobile over short distances, ranging from 38.46% to 59.09% depending on age.
This study examined factors influencing where mothers in Laos choose to deliver their babies. The study surveyed 303 mothers across 30 districts in 3 provinces. It found that over half of mothers (51.1%) delivered at hospitals. Key factors associated with choosing hospital delivery included the father's occupation (especially if a government official), shorter travel time to the hospital (<45 minutes), and attending more antenatal care appointments during pregnancy. The study concludes that increasing antenatal care utilization and reducing travel times could further increase rates of facility-based deliveries in Laos.
HIV & Education in Young South African WomenRENEWAL-IFPRI
This document summarizes research on HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and the relationship between education and HIV risk among young South African women. It finds:
1) HIV prevalence is very high among young South African women, reaching over 30% among those aged 20-24.
2) Despite this, young women do not report many "high risk" behaviors like early sexual debut or multiple partners.
3) Higher education is associated with lower HIV rates and riskier behaviors. Women who complete high school are less likely to be infected than those without.
4) Barriers to education for girls include costs, pregnancy, and family responsibilities. Programs providing cash transfers have increased school attendance, especially for girls.
Overlooked But Definitely Not to Be Forgotten_Igras_Outterson_5.1.12CORE Group
Overlooked but Definitely Not to be Forgotten: Evidence-based Programs for Very Young Adolescents discusses a meeting on programs targeting very young adolescents (VYA) between ages 10-14. The document outlines common characteristics of successful VYA programs, promising program components, evaluation methods used to measure outcomes of VYA programs, and barriers to implementing VYA programs. It also describes two evaluations of curriculums designed for VYA that use participatory methods to measure changes in attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors.
Gloria Folson and Futoshi Yamauchi
Side Event: How Japan’s know-how can help address food and nutrition challenges in the developing world
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Magnitude of neonatal near miss and associated factors among neonates born in public hospitals in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia.
The study assessed the magnitude of neonatal near miss (NNM) and associated factors among neonates born in two public hospitals over 2 months. The overall NNM was 31.42%, higher than some previous Ethiopian studies. Key factors associated with increased odds of NNM included mothers being referred from other facilities, primiparity, lack of antenatal care, antepartum hemorrhage, obstructed labor, premature rupture of membranes, and non-vertex fetal presentation. The findings can help improve neonatal care and outcomes in the region by addressing delays in care-seeking and quality of referral
This document summarizes a dissertation that investigated the occurrence and frequency of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes in young children in Katsina State, Nigeria. Key findings include:
- DEC was detected in 69/135 (51.1%) diarrheic children and 17/30 (56.7%) controls.
- The most common DEC pathotypes were enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) 25/40 (62.5%) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 6/40 (15%).
- DEC occurrence differed by gender and age group.
- Virulence genes associated with EPEC, EAEC, enterotox
Managing missing values in routinely reported data: One approach from the Dem...MEASURE Evaluation
This Data for Impact webinar was held in December 2020. Access the recording and learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/managing-missing-values-in-routinely-reported-data-one-approach-from-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
This Data for Impact webinar took place October 29, 2020. Learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/use-of-routine-data-for-economic-evaluations/
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This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among 1,379 Arab women in Qatar within 6 months of delivery. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen participants. The prevalence of postpartum depression was found to be 17.6%. Mothers who were older, less educated, housewives, had lower incomes, maternal/infant complications, poor family/marital support, financial difficulties, prematurity, and dissatisfaction in marriage had higher rates of postpartum depression.
A study of teens ages 13 to 18 found that 7.2% reported sexting in the past year, mostly through text messages. Sexting was more common among older teens and associated with other risky sexual behaviors like multiple partners and lack of condom use. Teens who sexted also reported higher substance use and lower self-esteem compared to those who did not sext. While often portrayed as a technology problem, sexting may better be viewed as a part of adolescent sexual development and exploration, and in some cases a marker for psychosocial challenges.
The document provides a summary of key findings from Myanmar's 2019 Integrated Household Living Conditions Assessment Survey (ICS). Some of the main findings include:
- The population of Myanmar is distributed unevenly across states/regions, with close to 50% living in Yangon, Mandalay, Ayeyawady and Shan regions.
- The total fertility rate nationally is 3.9 children per woman, ranging from 6.4 in Chin State to 3.3 in Bago, Yangon and Ayeyawady.
- Literacy rates have improved but a gap remains between urban (95%) and rural (78.5%) areas. Nearly half of those aged 25+ have only a
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Is there public support for policies promoting healthybrownschool
This document summarizes a study on public support for policies promoting physical activity. The study surveyed over 1,200 adults about their support for various school and community physical activity policies. It found high support for policies requiring physical education in schools. Characteristics like gender, age, and education predicted support for school policies, while race, community walkability, and education predicted support for community policies. The results provide insights into advocacy strategies and which groups to target for increasing policy support. The study is part of a larger research agenda on physical activity policy through a national research network.
Child labour in cotton growing haryana 23 febbsmihd
This document provides statistics on child labor in three cotton growing districts of Haryana, India. It finds that approximately 271,360 children aged 6-14 and 128,598 children aged 15-17 are estimated to be working, totaling around 495,900 children. The majority of working children are involved in both main work and subsidiary work on farms and fields. Specifically regarding cotton, around 7,627 children aged 6-14 are estimated to work in cotton, primarily in subsidiary roles on farms. Older children aged 15-17 show higher rates of main work in cotton, with an estimated 5,043 children. The statistics suggest child labor remains a significant issue in the cotton industry of Haryana, with nearly 100,
A comparative assessment of sociodemographic factors associated with hiv infe...Dr Saude Ibrahim
This study compared socio-demographic factors associated with HIV infection between the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), a consistently high prevalence area, and Jigawa State, a consistently low prevalence area in Nigeria. HIV prevalence was higher in FCT (6.6%) than Jigawa (1.9%). Key predictors of HIV in FCT were having multiple sexual partners and a history of blood transfusion. In Jigawa, lack of Qur'anic education was the main predictor. Across both areas, being unaware of a partner's HIV status and having sexually transmitted infections increased HIV risk. The study concludes differences in HIV prevalence may relate to socio-demographic, cultural and religious factors between the areas.
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This study examined socio-demographic factors associated with perinatal mortality in a rural area of central India over one year. The perinatal mortality rate was found to be 17.07 per 1000 live births. Early age at pregnancy, illiteracy, rural residence, and low socioeconomic status were commonly associated with higher perinatal deaths. Effective measures to reduce perinatal mortality need to target improving education for women, employment opportunities, and healthcare access in rural areas.
1) An experiment in Zambia found that a government cash transfer program that provided $12 per month to households with children under 5 years old did not increase fertility over 4 years.
2) The study used a randomized controlled trial to compare fertility outcomes of over 2,500 households that received the cash transfer to those that did not. It found no significant impacts on several measures of fertility.
3) This adds to evidence from other developing countries that unconditional cash transfers generally do not increase fertility, as they empower people to make their own decisions rather than feeling obligated to have more children due to the transfer.
This document provides preliminary data from a survey of 938 youth in private out-of-home placements in Minnesota. It finds that the majority were male (64%) and identified as white (49.7%) or black (20.6%). Common disabilities/diagnoses included disruptive behavior disorder (52.6%), mood disorder (50%), and PTSD (23.9%). Group homes had higher percentages of LGBT youth (11.7%) compared to residential facilities (9.7%) and foster homes (3.3%). Residential facilities served more youth with intellectual/developmental disabilities (8.3%) compared to group homes (1.6%) and foster homes (11.2%). The data is still being analyzed
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This document summarizes survey results from Action for M.E. and the Association of Young People with M.E. regarding the severity of M.E. symptoms by age. It shows that:
- The percentage of people bedbound decreases with age, from 9.09% of those aged 0-11 to 4.95% of those over 66.
- The percentage housebound is highest for those aged 12-17 at 27.22% and decreases with age.
- The largest group for all ages is those mobile over short distances, ranging from 38.46% to 59.09% depending on age.
This study examined factors influencing where mothers in Laos choose to deliver their babies. The study surveyed 303 mothers across 30 districts in 3 provinces. It found that over half of mothers (51.1%) delivered at hospitals. Key factors associated with choosing hospital delivery included the father's occupation (especially if a government official), shorter travel time to the hospital (<45 minutes), and attending more antenatal care appointments during pregnancy. The study concludes that increasing antenatal care utilization and reducing travel times could further increase rates of facility-based deliveries in Laos.
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This document summarizes research on HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, and the relationship between education and HIV risk among young South African women. It finds:
1) HIV prevalence is very high among young South African women, reaching over 30% among those aged 20-24.
2) Despite this, young women do not report many "high risk" behaviors like early sexual debut or multiple partners.
3) Higher education is associated with lower HIV rates and riskier behaviors. Women who complete high school are less likely to be infected than those without.
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- DEC was detected in 69/135 (51.1%) diarrheic children and 17/30 (56.7%) controls.
- The most common DEC pathotypes were enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) 25/40 (62.5%) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 6/40 (15%).
- DEC occurrence differed by gender and age group.
- Virulence genes associated with EPEC, EAEC, enterotox
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Improving Family Planning Service Delivery to Adolescents in Ghana: Evidence from Rural Communities in Central Ghana
1. Improving Family Planning Service Delivery to Adolescents in
Ghana: Evidence from Rural Communities in Central Ghana
Yeetey Enuameh
Ernest Nettey
Charles Zandoh
Charlotte Tawiah
Abubakari Sulemana
Ellen Boamah
Alex Manu
Janine Barden-O’Fallon
Seth Owusu-Agyei
The Sexual and Reproductive Health Team of the Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
EPC 2012, June 15, 2012
1
2. Presentation format
Introduction
Study objectives
Study methods
Study results and discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
Acknowledgment
2
4. Kintampo Health and Demographic Surveillance
System (KHDSS)
Geographically in Central Ghana
Began operations in 2003
Longitudinal data collection every 4 months
Covers 32,329 households in 22,537 compounds with a population
of 136,356 individuals
Team of dedicated demographers, epidemiologists, biostatisticians
and others
Source: 2010 Annual Report of the Kintampo Health Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
4
6. Adolescents
1/5th of Ghana & study population- 21.9% & 20.2%
Pregnancy rates
Ghana- 14% in 2000, 12% in 2007
Brong-Ahafo- 14.5% in 2000, 13.4% in 2007
3% births by adolescents in KHDSS area
Knowledge of at least one contraceptive
Females- 19.5%
Males- 14.7%
Sources: Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and ICF Macro. 2009. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Accra, Ghana: GSS,
GHS, and ICF Macro.
2010 Annual Report of the Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
6
8. Study objectives
Overall objective
To identify the FP needs of the adolescent populace in two administrative districts of
central Ghana and to define the best approach to satisfying their needs
Specific objectives
What are the FP needs of adolescents?
Do adolescents view FP as important to their health and well-being?
What are (a) societal and (b) health care provider perspectives on FP care delivery to
adolescents?
What are the views of (a) adolescents, (b) society and (c) health care providers as to
how best to address their family planning needs?
8
10. Study Methods
Study design: Cross- sectional
Approach: Mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative)
Data collection: Multi-informant sources (adolescents, community
representatives, healthcare providers)
Ethical review: Approval by the KHRC ethical review committee (ERC)
10
11. Sampling
Quantitative arm
Sampling aim- to cover males and females aged 10 – 19 in the study
population
Random sampling
Sample size: 2641 adolescents
1805 Females and 836 Males
Qualitative arm
Sampling adolescents, healthcare providers, community representatives
Purposive sampling
11
13. Study Sample and Current Educational Attainment
Study Sample
2,128 out of 2,641 (80.6%) responses included in analysis consisting of
1,415 females (66.5%) and 713 males (33.5%)
Current Educational Attainment of Respondents
Female % (n = 1,415) Male % (n = 713)
No Education 15.5 (219) 22.6 (161)
Primary Education 59.6 (844) 65.6 (468)
JHS and Higher 23.7 (336) 10.8 (77)
No Response 1.1 (16) 1.0 (7)
13
14. Marital Status
Female % (n = 1,415) Male % (n = 713)
Married 1.6 (22) 0.4 (3)
Living together 12.1 (171) 2.4 (17)
Divorced 0.2 (3) 0.1 (1)
Separated 1.4 (20) 0.1 (1)
Never married 83.4 (1180) 96.6 (689)
No response 1.3 (19) 0.3 (2)
14
15. Age at First Sex/ Sexual Debut
Age (years) Female % (n = 389) Male % (n = 65)
9 0.3 (1) 3.1 (2)
10 0.3 (1) 7.7 (5)
11 0 (0) 3.1 (2)
12 1.8 (7) 9.2 (6)
13 5.4 (21) 1.5 (1)
14 10.5 (41) 4.6 (3)
15 25.4 (99) 13.8 (9)
16 26.4 (104) 18.5 (12)
17 18.5 (72) 23.1 (15)
18 8.7 (34) 13.8 (9)
19 2.3 (9) 1.5 (1)
Median Age 16 years 16 years
15
16. Age at First Birth
Age (years) Female % (n = 112) Male % (n = 4)
9 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)
10 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)
11 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)
12 1.8 (2) 0.0 (0)
13 1.8 (2) 0.0 (0)
14 3.6 (4) 0.0 (0)
15 8.9 (10) 0.0 (0)
16 21.4 (24) 25.0 (1)
17 22.3 (25) 0.0 (0)
18 23.2 (26) 50.0 (2)
19 17.0 (19) 25.0 (1)
Median Age 17 years 16 years
16
17. Age at Marriage
Age (years) Female % (n = 221) Male % (n = 25)
9 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)
10 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)
11 0.0 (0) 0.0 (0)
12 1.4 (3) 0.0 (0)
13 4.5 (10) 0.0 (0)
14 6.8 (15) 4.0 (1)
15 24.0 (53) 32.0 (8)
16 28.5 (63) 24.0 (6)
17 17.2 (38) 24.0 (6)
18 14.5 (32) 16.0 (4)
19 3.2 (7) 0.0 (0)
Median Age 17 years 16 years
17
18. Pregnancy and birth rates
Females % Males %
Ever been pregnant n= Ever given birth n= 224 Ever impregnated n= Ever fathered n= 8
171 22
10 – 14 years 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.0
15 – 19 years 16.7 11.0 2.8 1.4
10 – 19 years 11.9 7.9 1.5 0.6
18
19. Not Ready for Pregnancy so Would Accept Help for
Prevention
Percent
40
35.5
35 33.1
30
25
20 18.2
15
10 9.1
5
0
Not Ready for Pregnancy Accept help for Pregnancy Prevention
Female 10 - 19 years Male 10 - 19 years
19
20. Percent
Ever heard of FP methods
100
90 87.7
82
80
70
60
48.6
50
40 33.9
30
20
10
0
Heard of Any/ Modern Method Heard- Traditional
Female 10-19 Male 10-19
20
21. Ever used FP Methods
Percent
20
17.9
18
16
13.7
14
12 11.2
10
8
6
6 5.5
4 2.7
2
0
Used- Any Method Used-Modern Used- Traditional
Female 10-19 Male 10-19
21
22. Last, Current and Future FP use
Percent
60
53.6
50
40
30
20
10.9
9.1
10
0
Female 10-19
Current Use Use at last sex Future intention
22
23. Comparing Last Used to Preferred FP Method
Percent
45
41.1
40
35.2
35
30
25
20.6 20.9
19.8 19.4
20
15 13.8
9.9
10
5.9 6
5 3.6
2.4
0.4 0.4 0.8
0
Male The Pill Injectables Male Condom Female Condom Other Methods Used No No Response
Sterilization Method
Last FP Method Used Preferred FP Method
23
24. How Adolescents Perceive FP
FP is Woman’s Responsibility
10 -14 % 15 – 19 % 10 – 19 %
Female 30.8 45.4 41.1
Male 30.3 35.6 32.4
FP Makes Women Promiscuous
Female 28.8 50.0 43.8
Male 36.1 52.1 42.5
Smaller families Succeed
Female 62.2 82.0 76.3
Male 64.8 81.3 71.4
24
25. Importance of FP to Adolescents
FP Reduces unwanted pregnancies
10 -14 % 15 – 19 % 10 – 19 %
Female 39.2 74.2 64.0
Male 47.1 74.6 58.1
FP Reduces Maternal Deaths
Female 33.7 59.7 52.1
Male 42.2 66.9 52.0
FP Improves Maternal and Child Health
Female 40.4 66.1 58.6
Male 46.9 71.8 56.8
25
26. Source of FP Information
Percent
35
30.1
30 29.1
25
19.9
20 19.1
15.4
15
10.7 10.2 10.5
10
7.1
5 3.8 3.8 3.9
0
Radio Television Socializing Posters Shops Magazines
Females Males
Information Source
26
28. FP Needs of Adolescents in Study
Higher marital, pregnancy and birth rates
Sexual debut earlier in males than females
Less contraceptive knowledge and use in young adolescents
Wish for help towards pregnancy prevention
Females’ contraception preference at par with current use
Perception that FP results in female promiscuity
28
30. Recommendations
Toward practice
Expand FP care to those at risk of pregnancy
Educate & make accessible varied forms of FP methods
Pursue FP information dissemination via electronic media outlets
Towards future research
Investigate higher marital, pregnancy and births
Investigate change in sexual debutant's gender
Research into perception of promiscuity with FP use
30
31. Acknowledgment
Support for the study
The Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
The Measure Evaluation PRH, Chapel Hill, NC
Support to attend conference
The Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
Measure Evaluation PRH, Chapel Hill, NC
Population Reference Bureau’s IDEA Project, Washington, DC
Gratitude
The citizens of the study communities
The study team for its perseverance of purpose
Thank you….
31
32. MEASURE Evaluation PRH is a MEASURE project funded by
the United States Agency for International Development
(USAID) through Cooperative Agreement GHA-A-00-08-00003-
00 and is implemented by the Carolina Population Center at
the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partnership
with Futures Group International, Management Sciences for
Health, and Tulane University. Views expressed in this
presentation do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or
the U.S. Government. MEASURE Evaluation PRH supports
improvements in monitoring and evaluation in population,
health and nutrition worldwide.
Editor's Notes
Well over four-fifths (83.3%) of adolescent females and a little under four-fifths (76.4%) of adolescent males have a primary education or higher. Close to a third of early adolescents (34.4% females and 33.1% males) have no education.
An overwhelming majority of adolescents remain unmarried, with about four-fifths (83.4%) of the female and close to all (96.7%) of the male population. Close to 2% of females and less than 1% of males were married, whilst about 12% and 2% respectively were living together with their partners. The results seem to portray marital status to be related to age of the individual. For both genders, much more of the 15 to 19 year-olds as compared to 10 to 14 year-olds are married and living together.In this study, close to a fourth (19.1%) of females aged 15 to 19 years were married/ living together (in relationships) as compared to 6.7% of males of the same age group. These rates are higher than those in an earlier study among adolescents in Ghana, in which 7% of females were in relationships as compared to 1% of males. Less than 1% (0.4%) of female adolescents and 0.2% males aged 10 – 14 years were in relationships as compared to none in the earlier mentioned study 14. According to the 2008 Ghana demographic and health survey (GDHS), 8.3% of females and 0.7% of males aged 15 – 19 years were in relationships. Marital rates among adolescents in the study population seem to be higher than rates observed in earlier studies in the study population nationwide.
The age at sexual debut/ first sex for those adolescents who have already engaged in sex ranges from 9 to 19 years of age and peaks at age 16 for both genders. Close to one fifth (18.3% females) and a third (29.2% males) of first sex occurred before and during the period of early adolescence.In an earlier study among Ghanaian adolescents and the 2008 GDHS, females experienced first sex earlier than males in contrast to the current study where first sex began at an earlier age with much more males becoming sexually active earlier in life than females 14, 16.
Childbearing for female adolescents in this study began at 12 years and peaked at 17 years, whereas for males it began at 16 years and peaking at 18. An overwhelming majority of births among females occurred in the late adolescence period (92.8%), whereas all births in the males occurred in the late adolescence.
Female adolescents in this study began their first marriages from age 12 with a majority of marriages occurring by age 16 years. Male adolescents started their first marriages at age 14 years and also peaked at age 16. A little of over a tenth (12.7%) of female marriages occurred in the early adolescence period, whereas one-twenty-fifth (4.0%) of males got married over the same period. In this study, close to a fourth (19.1%) of females aged 15 to 19 years were married/ living together (in relationships) as compared to 6.7% of males of the same age group. These rates are higher than those in an earlier study among adolescents in Ghana, in which 7% of females were in relationships as compared to 1% of males. Less than 1% (0.4%) of female adolescents and 0.2% males aged 10 – 14 years were in relationships as compared to none in the earlier mentioned study 14. According to the 2008 Ghana demographic and health survey (GDHS), 8.3% of females and 0.7% of males aged 15 – 19 years were in relationships. Marital rates among adolescents in the study population seem to be higher than rates observed in earlier studies in the study population nationwide.
As was determined by the 2008 GDHS, pregnancies among teenagers increased with increasing age in this study as well. In the study by Awusabo-Asare and colleagues, less than 1% as compared to close to 3% in the current study of adolescent males had made a female pregnant. Among the females in that study, 13% had ever been pregnant and 9% had had a baby, whereas in the current study 16.7% had been pregnant and 11% had babies 14. The above depicts higher pregnancy and birth rates among adolescents in the study community compared to the national figures.
A little over a third of females (35.5%- n= 60) who had ever been pregnant had not been ready for the pregnancy, compared to about a fifth (18.2%- n= 2) of males. Almost all females with an unwanted pregnancy (33.1%- n= 56) would have accepted help to prevent them, in contrast to half (9.1%- n=1) of their male counterparts. An overwhelming majority of female and a sizeable proportion of male adolescents in this study who had unwanted pregnancies would have accepted help to prevent it, a situation that calls for the need to provide some more support to this cohort.
The knowledge of any method and modern methods of contraception were the same across the genders, age ranges and marital status. Females however were much more knowledgeable (87.7%) than their male compatriots (82.0%). Knowledge of traditional methods of contraception was by far less in both females and males (48.6% and 33.9% respectively), but with females still ahead of the males.
Significant Gap between knowledge and usageSome probable reasons expressed in qualitative arm of study (Societal stigma, inaccessibility, poor provider attitudes)
Greater aspirations for future use as compared to last and current useImplies there is a demand/ need for use of FP methodsTherefore the need to seek approaches to satisfy future need and demand
More than half of the older adolescent population saw FP as important to reducing unwanted pregnanciesimproving MCH reducing maternal deaths