The document provides a summary of key findings from Myanmar's 2019 Integrated Household Living Conditions Assessment Survey (ICS). Some of the main findings include: - The population of Myanmar is distributed unevenly across states/regions, with close to 50% living in Yangon, Mandalay, Ayeyawady and Shan regions. - The total fertility rate nationally is 3.9 children per woman, ranging from 6.4 in Chin State to 3.3 in Bago, Yangon and Ayeyawady. - Literacy rates have improved but a gap remains between urban (95%) and rural (78.5%) areas. Nearly half of those aged 25+ have only a

1. Key Findings
from 2019 ICS
Khaing Khaing Soe
Director
Department of Population
29th December, 2020
Nay Pyi Taw

2. 2
⬥ Population
Characteristics
⬥ Education
⬥ Labour Force
⬥ Fertility and Mortality
⬥ Migration
Contents:
⬥ Disability
⬥ The Older Population
⬥ Household
Characteristics
⬥ Water, Sanitation and
Hygiene

3. Population
Characteristics

4. Yangon,
15.3%
Mandalay,
12.1%
Ayeyawady,
12.0%
Shan , 10.5%
Sagaing,
10.4%
Bago, 9.4%
Magway, 7.4%
Rakhine, 6.3%
Mon, 3.7%
Kachin, 3.1%
Kayin, 3.0%
Tanintharyi,
2.8%
Nay Pyi Taw,
2.3%
Chin, 1.0%
Kayah, 0.6%
 Conventional Household
population (males = 46.8%,
females = 53.2%).
 Close to 50% of the total
population live in Yangon-
(15.3%), Mandalay (12.1%),
Ayeyawady (12.0%) and Shan
(10.5%).
Population distribution

5.  Mean household size =
4.6
 Male headed – 77%
 Female headed – 23%
 The proportion of 1-
person household
increased from 4.6% in
2014 to 5.4% in 2019.
5.4
13.6
22.1
23.9
16.2
9.2
4.8
2.4 2.4
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
1
person
2
persons
3
persons
4
persons
5
persons
6
persons
7
persons
8
persons
9 and
more
2014 Census 2019 ICS
Household size and household head

6.  The pot-shaped feature.
 Due to fertility decline, the age
groups 5-9 and 10-14, decreased
in 2019.
 The population of older age
groups for 2019, i.e., aged 55
and above, increased. 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000
0 - 4
5 - 9
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
80 - 84
85 - 89
90 +
2019 Female 2014 Female 2019 Male 2014 Male
Age pyramid (2014 Census and 2019 ICS)
Age-sex Structure
Male Female

7.  Total dependency ratio declined
gradually from 73.9 in 1983 to 50.6
in 2019.
 Older age dependency ratio
continued to increase.
 In 2019, 10 individuals aged 65+
for every 100 persons of working-
age population (15-64).
 Median age has increased from 24
years in 1983 to 28 years in 2019.
Dependency ratio
and median age
1983
Census
2014
Census
2019
ICS
Total dependency
ratio
73.9 52.4 50.6
Child dependency
ratio
67.1 43.7 40.9
Old dependency
ratio
6.8 8.8 9.7
Median Age 24.1 27.1 28.2
Dependency ratio

8.  Out of children under 15,
81.7% had a birth
certificate.
 Urban = 91.6%
 Rural = 78.5%
 Highest in Kachin and
lowest in Rakhine.
81.7
91.6
78.5
92.5
91.2
89.9
89
88.4
87.5
83.6
82.4
82.1
80.5
80.5
76.8
76.5
75
59.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Union
Urban
Rural
Kachin
Kayah
Yangon
Tanintharyi
Mon
Mandalay
Sagaing
Nay
Pyi
Taw
Shan
Kayin
Magway
Ayeyawady
Bago
Chin
Rakhine
Had a birth certificate
Birth registration

9.  Only 13% of population aged
18+ reported having a bank
account.
 Urban = 25%, Rural = 8%
 The main reasons for not
having a bank account:
 “don’t have enough
money to have a bank
account”(53.2%).
 “did not need or want a
bank account” (46.6%).
13
25.2
7.6
27.2
13.2
12.9
12.6
12.1
11.6
11.4
10.8
10.7
10.4
10.4
8.7
7.3
7.1
5.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Union
Urban
Rural
Yangon
Mandalay
Kayah
Bago
Nay
Pyi
Taw
Kachin
Shan
Tanintharyi
Magway
Chin
Mon
Rakhine
Ayeyarwady
Sagaing
Kayin
Had a bank account
Having bank account

10. Education

11. Kayin, 70.9
Shan, 72.6
Mon, 80.5
Chin, 81.3
Kayah, 83.1
Kachin, 88.5
Rakhine, 88.6
Magway, 90.5
Tanintharyi, 90.9
Bago, 91.6
Sagaing, 91.9
Ayeyawady, 91.9
naypyitaw, 92.5
Mandalay, 92.9
Yangon, 95.4
70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Union Average Literacy rate is 89.1
Literacy Rate
Kayin, 72.6
Shan, 80.7
Chin, 81.9
Mon, 82.4
Tanintharyi, 88.3
Kachin, 89.0
Rakhine, 89.0
Bago, 89.6
Ayeyawady, 90.1
kayah, 90.6
Magway, 90.7
Sagaing, 91.9
Naypyitaw, 92.3
Mandalay, 92.5
Yangon, 95
70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Union Average numeracy rate is 89.5
Numeracy Rate
Literacy and Numeracy

12.  Large gap between urban and
rural, Urban = 5%, Rural = 9%
5.1
3.9
6.0
9.3
7.6
10.8
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Both sexes Male Female
Urban Rural
Never attended
Proportion of population 5+ by
current school attendance
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
Both Sexes
Male
Female
 Many children dropped out of school
after they have attained the primary
education.
 By the age of 18, only 3 out of 10 were
attending school.

13. Highest Levels of Education Completed (25 years and over)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Primary
Middle school
High school
University
Not completed
Other
TVET
GTHS
Female
Male
Both Sexes
 Almost half (47%) of the
population aged 25+ had
completed only primary
level of education.
 Middle = 22%, High school =
13%
 Only 11 out of 100 persons
reported they had
graduated or completed
some years in the university.

14. Completed desired level
Illness, injury, disability
Could not afford schooling (schooling is
expensive)
To help family
Agrilcultural work
Security situation
School too far/transportation difficult
Child was difficult to learn / not interesting
Marriage/ pregnancy/ child birth
Other
Main reasons for stop schooling
To help the
family = 29%
Could not afford
schooling = 22%

15. Labour Force

16.  Labour force participation rate = 63%
 Gender difference was quite large
 Male = 76%, Female = 53%
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85-89
90+
Both Sexes Male Female
Labour force participation rate (15+)
Area Both sexes Male Female
Union 63.2 75.7 52.7
Urban 58.9 70.8 49.1
Rural 65.1 77.8 54.2

17. Area Both
sexes
Male Female
Unemployment rate (15+)
Union 2.7 2.1 3.4
Urban 2.6 2.4 2.8
Rural 2.7 1.9 3.6
Employment to population ratio (15+)
Union 61.5 74.1 50.9
Urban 57.3 69.0 47.7
Rural 63.3 76.3 52.3
Unemployment rate (15+) Employment status
4.3
27.7
4.2
5.6
45.1
13.1
0.1
 Own-account workers= 45%
 Employees (Private) = 27.7%
 Employee (Government) = 4%
 Working without any pay = 13%
 Paid apprentice/intern = 4.2
 Employer = 5.6%

18. Sex ratio by major occupational categories
Male dominated
categories
Female dominated categories

19. Fertility and
Mortality

20.  Union = 3.9 children per woman
 Urban = 3.7, Rural = 4.0
 Highest in Chin State (6.4) and lowest in Bago, Yangon and Ayeyawady Regions (3.3)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
UNION
Urban
Rural
Kachin
Kayah
Kayin
Chin
Sagaing
Tanintharyi
Bago
Magway
Mandalay
Mon
Rakhine
Yangon
Shan
Ayeyawady
Nay
Pyi
Taw
TFR TMFR
Comparison of TFR and TMFR
Total fertility rate (TFR)
 Union = 2.0 children per woman
 Urban = 1.7, Rural = 2.2
 Highest in Chin State (3.9) and
lowest in Yangon Region (1.6)
Total marital fertility rate (TMFR)

21.  The median age at first marriage = 21.2 years
 The median age at first live birth = 23.2 years among women aged 10-49
 On average, women have their first child about two years after they get married.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Union
Urban
Rural
Kachin
Kayah
Kayin
Chin
Sagaing
Taninthar
yi
Bago
Magway
Mandalay
Mon
Rakhine
Yangon
Shan
Ayeyawa
dy
Nay
Pyi
Taw
Median
Age
in
Years
First Marriage First Live Birth
Age at first marriage and first live birth

22. State/Region
and Area
Age at first marriage
Under 18 18-24
Union 16.4 83.6
Urban 14.7 85.3
Rural 17.0 83.0
Kachin 12.3 87.7
Kayah 9.1 90.9
Kayin 16.4 83.6
Chin 16.0 84.0
Sagaing 14.3 85.7
Tanintharyi 13.3 86.7
Bago 18.1 81.9
Magway 16.1 83.9
Mandalay 15.2 84.8
Mon 18.3 81.7
Rakhine 15.7 84.3
Yangon 15.7 84.3
Shan 20.0 80.0
Ayeyawady 16.0 84.0
Nay Pyi Taw 21.0 79.0
 About 16% of ever married
women aged 20-24 were in a
union before the age of 18.
 The proportion was higher in
rural (17.0%) than in urban
(14.7%).
 Lowest = Kayah (9%)
 Highest = Nay Pyi Taw (21%)
Child marriage

23.  The adolescent fertility rate = 20.3 births per thousand women aged 15-
19 years.
Adolescent fertility rate
State/
Region and
Area
Adolescent fertility rates
15-19 15 16 17 18 19
Union 20.3 2.6 4.5 14.7 32.5 48.3
Urban 17.1 2.1 5.6 14.2 24.3 36.4
Rural 21.5 2.8 4.2 15.0 36.0 53.5

24.  The CDR for Myanmar was estimated at 7.8 per thousand populations.
 The CDR was higher in urban areas (9.3) than in rural areas (7.2).
7.8
9.3
7.2
5.8 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.5 6.7 6.9 7.0
7.6 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.1
9.2
10.5
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
UNION
Urban
Rural
Chin
Kayah
Kachin
Sagaing
Tanintharyi
Mon
Kayin
Shan
Ayeyawady
Nay
Pyi
Taw
Magway
Mandalay
Bago
Yangon
Rakhine
CDR
Crude death rate (CDR)

25. Area and
Sex
Early-age mortality rate
Life expectancy
at birth
Infant Child
Under
five
Union 30.9 7.0 37.7 69.4
Urban 22.3 4.1 26.3 71.9
Rural 34.1 8.2 42.1 68.5
Male 39.4 9.1 48.2 66.5
Female 21.1 4.4 25.4 73.3
Early age mortality and Life expectancy

26. Migration

27.  Life time migrants = 17%
 Net migration (per 1000
population)
 Highest (+) = Yangon Region
(+234).
 Highest (-) = Ayeyarwady
Region (-145).
-145.0
-120.0
-97.0
-83.1
-54.2
-40.4
-37.7
-6.1
-2.9
22.8
47.7
51.8
53.9
87.7
233.8
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Ayeyawady
Chin
Magway
Bago
Mon
Rakhine
Sagaing
Tanintharyi
Mandalay
Shan
Kachin
Kayah
Kayin
Nay
Pyi
Taw
Yangon
Net migration rate
Internal migration

28. Sex
Migration stream for lifetime migrants (%)
Urban-urban Urban-rural Rural-urban Rural-rural
Total 37.1 23.3 13.7 25.9
Male 36.3 22.9 14.4 26.5
Female 37.8 23.7 13.1 25.3
Migration stream
To follow family (37%),
Employment (31%)
Marriage (26%).
Main reason for migration

29. 66.75
13.90
6.66
4.54
2.00
1.76
1.76
1.74
0.36
0.26
0.13
0.13
Thailand
Malaysia
China
Singapore
USA
Japan
South Korea
Others
India
UAE
Qatar
Don't know
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0
International migration
25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25
0 - 4
5 - 9
10 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60+
2019 ICS 2019 ICS 2014 Census 2014 Census
Male Female
Former household members living
abroad by country of residence

30. 61.9
17.4
8.9 6.8 4.8
0.2
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0 Banks
Money
carried
in
cash
by
another
person
(friend/relative)
Hundi
Money
transfer
operators
(Westren
Union/
Money
Gram/Xpress
Money
etc.)
Mobile
financial
services
(Wave
Money/
True
Money/
M-Pitesan)
Other
Both sexes
Male
Female
36
36
17
11
Both sexes
less than 500,000
Between 500,001 and
2,000,000
Between2,000,001 and
4,000,000
More than 4,000,000
Main channel used in sending remittance Amount of remittance sent to Myanmar
 Nearly 69% of the emigrants had sent
remittances to their households.
 A higher proportion of men than women
used banks to send remittances to the
country (67% versus 54%).

31. Disability

32.  Disability prevalence rate = 12.8%
 Higher rates in Chin, Rakhine and
Ayeyawady and Magway.
12.8
8.6
8.9
9.6
10.2
10.8
10.8
11.6
12.4
12.6
15.2
16.6
17.0
17.3
17.3
20.6
0
5
10
15
20
25 Union
Shan
Kachin
Sagaing
Mandalay
Nay
Pyi
Taw
Kayah
Tanintharyi
Yangon
Bago
Mon
Kayin
Magway
Ayeyawady
Rakhine
Chin
Disability
Prevalence
Rate
Type of
disability
Both
sexes
Male Female
Seeing 6.3 5.5 6.9
Hearing 2.4 2.0 2.6
Walking/ Climbing
steps
5.4 4.4 6.3
Remembering/
Concentrating
4.4 3.9 4.9
Self-care 1.9 1.9 2.0
Communication 1.6 1.5 1.6
Disability prevalence rate Type of disability

33.  39.6% had participated in at least one of
the community participation/ activities.
 “Religious activities” (35.6%) was the
most common activity.
 Men had higher rates of participation
compared to their counterparts.
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Other
Art or cultural activities
Political meetings and gatherings
Recreation and sports
Educational activities
Humanitarian activities
Religious activities
With any type of activity participation
%
Both Sexes
Male
Female
With any kind of
support received
Both
sexes
Male Female
Total 19.3 17.8 20.5
From Household
members
12 10.8 12.9
From Non-household
members
7.3 7.0 7.6
 One in five reported he/she had
received at least one kind of support in
the last 12 months.
 The most common - financial support
(17%).
Community participation
Support received

34. Older Population

35.  10.1% of the conventional HH
population.
 In 1983, there were about 17
older people per 100 children
while there were 37 older people
per 100 children in 2019.
 The parent support ratio
increased from 1.7 in 1983 to 3.4
in 2019 indicating persons well
past middle age are two times
more likely than they were in
1983 to be responsible for the
care of older relatives.
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
1983 Census 2014 Census 2019 ICS
%age
0-14 15-59 60 and over
Indicator of population
ageing
1983
Census*
2014
Census*
2019
ICS**
Ageing index 16.5 31.1 37.2
Potential support ratio 8.7 7.0 6.2
Parent support ratio 1.7 3.7 3.4
Note: * Total enumerated population
** Population in conventional households only
The Older population

36.  Only 14% of older people
reported they received at
least one kind of pension,
allowance or benefits.
 Work pension was the most
availed type of pension with
6.5%, followed by family
pension (2.4%).
Type of pension,
allowance/benefits
Both
sexes
Male Female
With any type of pension,
allowance, benefits
14.2 16.0 13.0
Work pension 6.5 8.8 4.9
Veteran’s pension, war
widow’s pension
2.1 2.8 1.7
Family pension 2.4 1.2 3.2
Social pension 1.6 1.6 1.6
Invalid or Disability
allowance pension
0.4 0.4 0.4
Sickness allowance 0.9 0.7 1.0
Type of pension/allowance/benefits

37.  Among older people, 27.8%
received at least one kind of
support in the last 12 months.
 People living in same
households were important
sources of support - money,
food and medical supports.
 From same households - 18%
 From non-household
members – 10%
Type of support
Older population who
received support
Both
sexes
Male Female
With any kind of support 27.8 26.5 28.7
Financial 24.7 23.4 25.5
Assistance on daily
activities inside the house
1.7 1.4 1.9
Assistance on activities
outside the house
0.2 0.2 0.2
Medical support 3.9 3.6 4.0
Home care 0.5 0.4 0.5
Day care 0.2 0.1 0.2
Transportation services 0.1 * 0.1
Meal 8.2 7.9 8.4
Note: *Less than 0.1 %
Support received

38. Household
characteristics

39.  More than half (53%) of the HHs
used grid electricity.
 Nine out of 10 HHs in urban used
grid electricity whereas it was only
about 4 out of 10 HHs in rural.
53
3.5
29.1
0.8
0.5
4.3
8.7
Grid electricity
Generator (Private)
Solar system energy
Wind and water mill
Kerosene
Candle
Rechargeable battery
 53% of HHs still using firewood
for cooking (70% in rural and 13%
in urban)
 37.6% used grid electricity (73%
in urban and 24% in rural)
37.6
1.1
53.3
6.4
0.2 1.4
Grid electricity
Bio Gas
Firewood
Charcoal
Coal
Other
Electricity
Type of cooking fuel

40.  About half of the total HHs
lived in one-roomed and
two-roomed dwelling units.
 Almost half of the total HHs
were living in overcrowded
housing units.
Area
No. of persons per room
1.5 and
below
1.51
to 2
Greater
than 2
Total
Union 53.1 20.5 26.3 100.0
Urban 51.6 19.8 28.6 100.0
Rural 53.7 20.8 25.5 100.0
Number of room(s)

41. Areas
Household income (In lakhs)
5 and
below
5 - 15 15 - 30 30 - 60 60+
Union 9.8 26.1 27.0 24.5 12.6
Urban 3.4 12.4 24.2 37.1 22.9
Rural 12.3 31.4 28.1 19.6 8.7
Annual household income

42. Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene
(WASH)

43.  Safely managed drinking water =
41.4% (63.8% in urban and 32.7%
in rural)
(One located on premises, available when
needed and free from E-Coli
contamination).
 A basic drinking water = 40%
(Accessing an improved water source only
within 30 minutes of water collection time).
 Surface water = 12.4% (river, stream,
dam, lake, pond, canal and irrigation).
Drinking water Proportion of household by status of drinking
water services

44.  At least basic sanitation service =
79.6%
(an improved sanitation facility which is not
shared on premises with other households).
 Limited Sanitation service = 11.9%
(improved sanitation facilities that are
shared with other households)
 Open defecation = 5%
(dispose of feces in fields, forests, bushes,
open bodies of water, beaches or other
open spaces)
Proportion of households by status of
sanitation services
Sanitation

45.  A basic handwashing
service = 72%
(with a handwashing facility on
premises with soap and water).
 Limited service = 22%
(handwashing facility is available,
but lacking water and/or soap).
 No handwashing facility =
4.9
Proportion of households by type of basic
hygiene services
Hygiene

46. Solid waste disposal Union Urban Rural
Collected by formal service provider (%) 17.5 53.1 3.6
Collected by informal service provider (%) 3.5 7.7 1.9
Disposed of in designated area/within
household/ buried/burned (%)
56.7 32.3 66.1
Disposed of elsewhere & others 22.3 6.9 28.3
Solid Waste Management

47. 47
dop.gov.mm
Tables are
available in
excel format.

48. THANK
YOU!
ANY QUESTIONS?
You can find me at:
⬥ kkhaingsoe@gmail.com
48