Immigration and the labour market, a Labour Economics approach, presentación realizada en la Universidad de Alicante a la visita de esudio en el marco del programa TEMPUS, UNIMIG.

1. Immigration and the labour market,
a Labour Economics approach
Covadonga Ordóñez García
Professor, Department of Applied
Economic Analysis

2. Legal
regulations Labour Markets
Migration
Theory
Skilled or non framework
skilled workforce

3. The Theory says…
But….

4. The reality is more complex than this …
• Existence of work permits
• Citizenship legislation (ius solis/ius sanguinis)
• Different legal systems
• Irregular immigration

5. Which sources can we use?
• Administrative sources, register of contracts,
work permits, …
• Surveys such as EU Labour Force Survey
• Indirect sources, particularly those related to
irregular immigration and other health
records.

6. Steps to studying migration and the
labour market.
• Define the variables.
• Identify the available data sources (national
and international) with their pros and cons.
“There is no perfect information, only the data
available ”
• Have at least a basic grasp of the legal system
on immigration, visas, permits, issues... etc.

7. Characteristics of the Spanish Labour
Market regarding non-nationals.
• Two regimes: EU citizens and non EU citizens.
• EU citizens do not need a work permit.
• Duality in the market: undocumented
workers.
7

8. Ways to gain a work permit in Spain:
• Quota based on demand, by sector and province.
• Direct applications for a work and residence visa.
• Special agreements (Chile and Peru).
• Administrative authorisations to work (students,
residents, ...).
• Admissibility of the application for asylum.
8

9. Migration flow control mechanisms in
Spain:
• Quota based on demand :
– Annual
– Forecast
– Negotiated by Ministry of Employment with employers
and unions
• Catalogue of difficult to fill positions:
– Quarterly
– A posteriori
– Public Employment Service
9

10. Did it work?

11. Let's look at some data for the case of
Spain

12. Foreign population registered in Spain (1981-2012).
Source: Census. Spanish National Insitute of Statistic.

13. Work permit approved in Spain 2011.
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
Source: Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social

14. Source: Seguridad Social (National Insurance) 2011

15. Activity Rate, population from 16 to 64
years old.

16. Unemployment rate by nationality and sex.
Extranjeros=Foreigners, Españoles=Spaniards, Hombres=Men, Mujeres=Women, Doble
nacionalidad= double nationality

17. Useful links
• http://www.oecd.org/migration/
• http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
• http://www.iom.int/cms/home

18. Thank you very much for your
participation.
Covadonga@csidiomas.ua.es
http://es.slideshare.net/covadongaog