Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib was born in Medina on the 15th of Ramadan in 3 A.H. and was the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad. He faced numerous challenges during his leadership after his father's martyrdom, including betrayal and division among his followers, ultimately leading to a peace treaty with Muawiya. Imam Hasan passed away at the age of 47, with his burial being a contentious issue due to animosity toward his family.

2. Name: Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s.)
Mother: Fatimah az-Zahra (a.s.), the daughter of the
Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.).
Title: Al-Sibt al-Kabir (the elder grandson),
Al-Mujtaba.
Birth: He was born in Madina 15th Ramadhan in 3 A.H.
Martyrdom: He died on the 28th of Safar in the year 50
A.H. He was buried in the graveyard of Baqi in Madina.

3. Imam Hasan (a.s.) was born on the 15th of Ramadhan 3rd AH.
The elder son of Ali (as) and Fatima (As), grandson
of the Prophet of Islam (saw).
When he was born and the news of the birth of a
grandson was conveyed to the Holy Prophet he
came to the house of Fatima (As), took hold of the
baby in his arms, recited the Azan and Iqamah in
his ears and said:
“ This is a beautiful child. He will keep Islam and
muslims safe from the hands of its destroyers.”
Historians note that this child looked like his grand
father the Holy Prophet in looks and in manners.

4. His name was kept by Allah (swt) through a
revelation to the Prophet Mohammad (saww).
which suggested that since Imam Ali (a.s.) is to the
Prophet Mohammad (saw) as Prophet Haroon (a.s.)
was to Prophet Moosa (a.s.), the name of his child
should be the name of the son of Prophet Haroon
(a.s.) which was Shabbar - meaning Hasan in
Arabic. This was the first time that a child was
named Hasan.

5. Under the blessed shadow of the Holy
Prophet,(saw) Hasan(as) received his training from
the most blessed parents on earth .
The Prophet (a.s) took great care of educating his
grandson and gave him his noble qualities.
Imam Ali (a.s) supplied him with his wise sayings
and ideals.
Fatima,(as) the principal of all women, planted in
her son virtue and perfection.
Accordingly, Hasan’s childhood was high and a
model of human perfection, a title of highness and
education, a symbol of cleverness and genius.

6. Coming to the mosque of the Prophet, listening to
the Sermons of his grand father and seeing Islam
prosper was the lesson one can never forget.
Whenever he came to the mosque ,the Holy Prophet
would pick him up, would let him sit beside him and
let the attentive companions see and behold who
this boy was.
Hasan (as) memorized all things he read. He
attended the meetings and sermons of his
grandfather (a.s) and memorized the Revelation.
Hasan(as) was hardly 8 years old when he lost his
beloved grand father and soon after that his dear
mother.

7. The next 25 years of his life in Madina was with his
father Ali (AS) and with his younger brother
Hussain(AS).
In this period, conquests of many lands took
place.Imam Ali (as) or any member of the family of
the Prophet did not take part in these conquests.
Their aim was to prepare the Muslim society for
harder times ahead.
As the wealth from the conquests poured in, some
companions of the Prophet built large houses for
themselves. What Ali(AS) and his family did was to
form a Trust and whatever share of prosperity came
to them they put all into this Trust.
Both children of Ali (AS) were the Trustees of this
holy trust and with the help of many senior
companions of the Holy Prophet the money was used
to help those in need.

8. Every evening food was served to many of those
who were not in a position to provide for
themselves. While the family of Ali(AS) lived in
small house and without any pomp or luxury for
themselves. This was the example they were setting
for all to see and follow .

9. One day, an old man was performing ablution (Wudhu). His
ablution was incorrect. Imam Hassan (a.s.) wanted to make
him aware of his error without embarrasing him but how?
Imam Hassan (a.s.) addressed Imam Hussain (a.s.) and said,
"I perform a better ablution as compared to yours." Imam
Hussain (a.s.) said "I perform it better than you do." Both of
them approached the old man and asked, “ Can you judge
our Wudhu and decide who performs it better ?"
As both of them performed the Wudh,. The old man
understood their intention.
So he said to them "The ablution performed by both of
you is correct, I am an old man, who did not know how to
perform the ablution correctly. You made me aware about
my fault. I am much thankful to you."

10. One day Imam (as) was crossing a street riding a horse. On
the way he came across a man who was one of the friends of
"Muawiyah". When that man saw the Imam (a.s.) he started
abusing and insulting the Imam (as)
Imam Hasan (a.s.) stopped and listened to him and then
approached the man,smiled and said; "I think you are a
traveler and stranger and not a local person. You have been
provoked by the enemies about us and their false words
about us. If you have a need I may fulfill that need. If you are
hungry, I will get you food ,If you require clothes, I will take
you to the tailor. If you don't have residence to live in I will
take you along with me to my house and extend hospitality
and give you treatment.
When that disrespectful person heard those words from
the Imam (a.s.), he got very much ashamed and repented.
He started weeping and apologized.

11. Imam Hasan (a.s.) was the most pious and devout
worshiper and adorer of God. Whenever he went to
Mecca for pilgrimage, he would go walking on foot.
The Holy Imam devoted himself to prayers in such
abundance, that all the limbs employed in prostration
bore scars and impressions of his sajdah (prostration).
Most of the nights were spent on the prayer mat. The
sense of his absorption in prayers to Allah were so
intense that he would shed tears profusely out of fear
of Allah.
While performing ablution, he trembled with the fear of
Allah and his face grew pale at the time of prayers.

12. A person came to Imam Hasan (a.s.) and said
"poverty and bad luck is torturing me. You are a
family of chastity, purity and infallibility. Help me?"
Imam Hassan (a.s.) called his servant and said,
"How much money do you have available?" He
replied "five thousand Dinars" He said, "Give all of
this money to this man”
He was so courteous and humble that he never
hesitated to sit along with the beggars in the lanes
of Medina to reply to some of their religious
queries.

13. It is reported that Imam Hasan(as) saw some poor men
who put a few crumbs of bread on the ground in front of
them, which they had earlier picked up from the road.
They were eating them. They invited him to eat with
them. He accepted the invitation and said: "Certainly
Allah does not like the proud."
Having finished eating with them he invited them to his
house. He showered them with money, fed and clothed
them.

14. The martyrdom of Imam Ali on the 21st Ramadan
marked the inception of Imam Hasan’s(as) Imamate.
The majority of Muslims pledged their allegiance to him.
No sooner had he taken the reins of leadership into his
hands than he had to meet the challenge of Muawiyah,
the Governor of Syria.
Muawiyah had established a separate government in
Syria and for years he had played tricks with cunning
ways and means against Imam Ali (a.s.). He killed the
friends of Imam Ali (a.s.) and brought into existence the
perverted group and sect of Khwarij.
Muawiyah was furious, when he learnt that people, had
give allegiance to Imam Hasan (a.s.).
He sent spies to Kufa and Basra where they plotted
and hatched conspiracies against Imam (a.s.) to
sabotage the Imam’s rule and create chaos, and
disorder.

15. The Holy Imam (as) decided that Muawiya would have
to be ousted by force and he prepared for war. He
appointed a representative in Kufa and proceeded to
Nukhayla where he had asked the army to gather.
After 10 days, only 4,000 men had assembled, so he
went back to Kufa and made another call for people to
come to arms, sending out his companion Hujr bin Adi
to do the same.
Slowly the people answered the call for war. A mixed
band of people formed the army. Some were sincere
Shia, others were Kharjites who wished to fight
Muawiya by any means possible, some were men who
loved fighting and desired war booty, some were
unsure about the right of the Holy Imam (as) to the
Caliphate, while others blindly followed their tribal
leaders with no thought for religion.

16. Soon enough, Mu'awiyah, marched his army to Iraq,
the seat of Imam Hasan's(as) caliphate.
The Holy Imam (as) assembled his army and
addressed them in which he first praised Allah and
the Holy Prophet (as). He then told the people that
he was their sincere advisor and urged them to
unite rather than be divided in factions. This
message was misunderstood by some, who
thought that he planned to hand over authority to
Muawiya. There was a riot amongst the people and
a group of them attacked the Holy Imam (as) while
he was in his tent. The Shia gathered around him
and protected him.

17. Muawiya managed to bribe and threaten many of the
Holy Imam's (as) soldiers into abandoning him, including
Ubaidullah, who was paid one million dirhams to betray
the Holy Imam (as).
Ubaydillah slipped away in the night with eight thousand
men from among Imam Hassan’s army, Those, who
preferred ambition and wealth, those on whose hearts the
religion had no effect. They joined Mu’awiya’s camp.
Therefore, Ubaydillah, the sinful traitor, was responsible
for destroying Imam Hassan’s (as) army. That is because
his treason led to shake the army, divide its units, and
make it disordered.

18. After Muawiya had stabbed the Iraqi Army in the heart
through bribing it, he followed other ways to corrupt it
and to paralyze its activities. He sent some spies and
commanded them to spread terrorism and rumors
among all the military units in al-Madain and at Maskan.
The members of the army at Maskan and in al-Mada’in
became disordered because of the rumors spread by
Muawiya’s followers such as that imam Hasan (as)
made peace with Muawiya, and that the new army chief
Qays was killed.

19. As Muawiya’s lies spread, so did the ignorance over the
hearts of the members of imam’s army
They went too far in committing sins and misguidance.
They were so reckless and ignorant that some of them
accused Imam Hasan(as), the Prophet’s grandson, of
unbelief. An example of them is al-Jarrah bin Sinan who
attempted to kill the imam and accused him of unbelief,
saying: “You have become a polytheist, O Hasan, just
like your father had become a polytheist before.”

20. Such was the disorder and confusion in Imam
hassan’s(as) army that some of his own soldiers
attempted to kill the Imam on 3 separate occassions.
1.While he was performing the prayer, a person threw
an arrow at him but the arrow had no effect on him at
all.
2. Al-Jarrah bin Sinan stabbed Imam in the thigh.
3. Someone stabbed him with a dagger during the
prayer.
His own people started to loot and plunder the imam’s
own possessions

21. The Holy Imam (as) realised that he could not trust
the intentions of most of his men and the only
people he could rely on were his Shia, who were too
few to resist the Syrian soldiers.
Meanwhile, Muawiya wrote to the Imam suggesting
a truce and peace treaty on the Holy Imam's (as)
terms.
Imam Hassan (as) decided to consider Muawiya’s
proposal under the following reasons;

22. Imam Hassan (as) was left with a divided and hostile
army, destroyed by Muawiya’s acts of bribery and
false rumours, that left many to desert the imam for
worldly gains.
Muawiya’s army was more powerful and Muawiya
kept his commanders happy by constantly plying
them with wealth and women

23. If Imam Hassan (as) had continued the war, there
would be many of his companions who would have
been killed and yet they were needed to continue
with the work of strengthening Islam.
There was also a danger from the Roman Empire on
one hand and from the Khawarij extremists from the
other. These people would have pounced and
destroyed a weakened Muslim army.

24. Muawiya did not comply with any one of the terms of
the treaty agreed upon between him and Imam
Hassan (as) He trampled the treaty under his feet
saying to the people of Kufa, "do you think I have
taken power to teach you about Islam. No, I have
taken power for the sake of it and if any one of you
tries to disagree with me shall pay a costly price of
losing his head."
(Tarikul Kholafa, Jalaluddin Soyuti)

25. The Treaty agreed upon between Muawiya and Imam Hassan
(as) tells us the following points:
1. That Muawiya should rule strictly according to the Holy
Quran and the way of the Prophet.
2. That Muawiya should not appoint or nominate anyone to
the Khilafat after him but that the choice should be left to the
Muslims.
3. That the people should be left in peace, wherever they are
in the land of God.
4. That the persecution of the companions of Imam Ali (as)
should immediately be stopped; their lives and properties and
families guaranteed safe conduct and peace.
5. That the cursing of Imam Ali (as) from the pulpit should stop
immediately.
6. That no harm should be done secretly or openly against
Imam Hassan(as) and his brother Imam Hussain(as) or any of
the Ahlubayt (AS).

26. Muawiya carried out his ambition of keeping the
power in his family by nominating his son Yazid after
him as the ruler of the Kingdom.
In case Imam Hassan (as) should out live him, as
Muawiya was older, he bribed Ju'da bint Ash'ath
(wife of Imam Hassan), to poison him in 50 AH
Imam died with the effect of poisoning on 28th of the
month of Safar. He was 47 years old.

28. In his last will and testament Imam asked his brother
Imam Hussain (as) to take his body to the grave of their
grand father the Prophet of Islam and then bury him by
the side of the grave of his mother Fatima (SA) in
Jannatul Baqi, for he knew that people who are against
the family of the Prophet would not let him bury by the
side of his grandfather.
But unfortunately when the body of the Imam was taken
towards the grave of the Holy Prophet in the mosque, the
enemies came out and prevented the mourners to reach
the grave of the Prophet.
When Imam Hussain (AS) realized that if he insists on
taking the body of his brother nearer the grave of the
Prophet there will be bloodshed, he refrained from it and
took him away and buried him in Jannatul Baqi next to
the grave of his mother.