Welcome to discuss and share the introduction of Nicotinamide Riboside(NR), jim@cimaci.com

1. Product name: Nicotinamide riboside chloride powder
Synonyms: 3-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-P-D-ribofuranosyl-pyridinium
chloride(1 :1);Nicotinamide
Riboside.Cl;3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-pyridinium chloride; NR, vitamin
NR;Niagen, TRU NIAGEN
CAS Number: 23111-00-4
Molecular formula: C11H15N2O5.Cl
Molecular weight: 290.70 g/mol
Specifications: 98%min
Appearance/Color: Off White to Pale Yellow Powder
Solubility in water: 446.5mg/ml
Melting point: 115℃-125℃
Benefits: Boosts NAD+ levels, Supports healthy Aging and brain/cognitive
Applications: as a dietary supplement, functional foods, and beverages
Recommended dosage: not more than 180 mg/day
Package: 1kg/bag,25kg/drum
What is Nicotinamide Riboside?
Nicotinamide riboside is a newly appreciated form of Vitamin B3, with unique
properties; it is a formal precursor of NAD+.
Nicotinamide riboside (NR), first described in 1944 as a growth factor (Factor V) for
Haemophilus influenza, and in 1951, NR, first investigated as a metabolic fate in
mammalian tissues.
Forms of Nicotinamide Riboside
As you may notice that, there are two forms of NR available, one is Nicotinamide
Riboside, and the other is Nicotinamide Riboside chloride.
Chemically speaking, they are two completely different compounds since they have
different CAS numbers, NR with 1341-23-7 while NR chloride with 23111-00-4. NR
is not stable at room temperature, while NR chloride is stable. Famous patented Brand
named NIAGEN®, released by Chromadex Inc in 2013, is the form of Nicotinamide

2. riboside chloride, aiming to reverse signs of aging from inside your body.
Nicotinamide Riboside manufactured from Cima Science is also in the chloride
powder form. If not specified, NR will refer to the NR chloride form in the article
below.
Nicotinamide riboside food sources
The amount of NR in foods is minute, compared with that in nutritional supplements.
However, what are the primary food sources that contain nicotinamide riboside (NR)?
1.Cow milk
Cow milk usually has ∼12 μmol NAD(+) precursor vitamins/L, of which 60% was
present as nicotinamide, and 40% was current as NR. (Conventional milk contained
more NR than organic milk), a study published by the University of Iowa, in 2016
1.Yeast
An old study has stated, “One inhibitory substance was isolated from yeast and was
found to be nicotinamide riboside, it may have from NAD (P) during the preparation
of yeast extracts, or from dietary yeast supplements during digestion in vivo.” While
there is no quantitative data on yeast
1.Beer
The beer has a fair amount of carbs and drinking those in a liquid form like that will
have a glycemic impact; various research papers have mentioned beer as being a food
source of nicotinamide riboside.
Also, there may be trace amounts of NR like whey protein, mushrooms, etc.
For many people, dairy is off limits for other reasons. The food sources of
nicotinamide riboside might be useful, but are less efficient than an NR supplement.
Why Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) designate as an authentic NAD+ precursor
vitamin invertebrates?

3. There are five lines of reasoning support it:
1.Haemophilus influenza, a flu-causing bacterium, which has no de novo
pathway and cannot utilize Na or Nam, is strictly dependent on NR, NMN,
or NAD+ for growth in the host bloodstream.
2.Milk is a source of NR.
3.NR protects murine DRG neurons in an ex vivo axonopathy assay via
transcriptional induction of the nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) 2 gene.
4.Exogenously added NR and derivatives increase NAD+ accumulation in a
dose-dependent fashion in human cell lines.
5.Candida glabrata, an opportunistic fungus that depends on NAD+ precursor
vitamins for growth, utilizes NR during disseminated infection.
Nicotinamide Riboside VS Nicotinamide VS Niacin
Niacin (or nicotinic acid), is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an
essential human nutrient. It has the formula C6H5NO2.
Nicotinamide or called niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as
a dietary supplement and medication. It has the formula C6H6N2O.
Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine-nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a
precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+. It has the formula
C11H15N2O5+.
Niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide and Nicotinamide riboside (NR) are all NAD+
precursors, and they can be used by cells to create more NAD.

4. However, NR is more potent than nicotinamide and nicotinic acid at increasing
NAD+, also NR does not cause flushing and does not inhibit sirtuins when
supplementing with high dosage compared with nicotinamide and nicotinic acid.
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) VS Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)
NMN is same as NR, is a derivative of niacin. Moreover, the two materials could use
to increase NAD+.
Nevertheless, there are differences.
Differences
nicotinamide
riboside (NR)
nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)
Is Vitamin Yes No
human clinical
studies
Have at least
four published
No
It’s safe for
humans
Confirmed No
FDA safety
notifications
Have three No
Increases NAD About 220% About 170%
Can enter the
cell
Yes No
Using form taken orally mostly studied by injection
Fits into a 300
mg capsule
easily does not

5. Nicotinamide Riboside Health Benefits
Nicotinamide Riboside helps energy generation
In animals, NR supplementation reduced NAD consumption, which improved
mitochondrial function, rapidly restored muscle mass, and conserve strength NAD
levels and exercise volume in older mice, helping maintain muscle mass and function,
supports more energy generation.
Nicotinamide Riboside improves cognitive function
NR preserves the nerve cells in the brain by activating the SIRT3, Supplementation
stimulates the NAD pathways and helps prevent degeneration in mind.
NR boosted cognitive function and slowed progression of Alzheimer’s disease in
mice given NR for three months.
Nicotinamide Riboside prevents hearing loss
By activating the SIRT3 pathway, a UNC study found it helped protect rodents
against noise-induced hearing loss.
Nicotinamide Riboside protects the liver
Taken NR orally increases NAD in the body, which helps protect the liver. NR
stopped fat accumulation, lowered oxidative stress, prevented inflammation, and
improved insulin sensitivity in the liver of mice.
Furthermore, NR could extend longevity, Increases metabolism, supports the fight
against cancer, reduce diabetic symptoms, increases metabolism, may help with
weight loss.

6. Is Nicotinamide Riboside Safe?
Yes, NR is safe.
NR has three published clinical trials confirming it is safe for human consumption.
Careful analyzing and stressed all the preclinical and clinical information available on
NR assure it is safe and well tolerated.
Niagen is safe and GRAS, using scientific procedures, under the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).
Nicotinamide Riboside Human Trials
There are many pre-clinical studies have been conducted testing NR in various model
systems.
In 2015, the first human clinical studies completed, and the results demonstrated that
NR safely and effectively boosts levels of NAD in healthy human volunteers.
 A placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men
by randomized: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects
–Published in The American/Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Results: 12 wk of NR supplementation in doses of 2000 mg/d appears safe, but does
not improve insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose metabolism in obese,
insulin-resistant men.
 Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and
raises NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
–Published in Nature Communications
 Nicotinamide Riboside is Especially and Orally Bioavailable in Mice and
Humans
–Published in Nature Communications
Here we define the time and dose-dependent effects of NR on blood NAD metabolism
in humans. The report shows that human blood NAD can rise as much as 2.7-fold
with a single oral dose of NR in pilot research of one individual and that oral NR
elevates mouse hepatic NAD with apparent and superior pharmacokinetics to those of
nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. The further show, single doses of 100, 300 and 1,000
mg of NR produce dose-dependent increases in the blood NAD metabolome at first
clinical trial of NR pharmacokinetics in humans. Also inform that nicotinic acid

7. adenine dinucleotide (NAAD), which was not considered to be en route for the
changing of NR to NAD, is formed from NR and discover that the rise in NAAD is a
very sensitive biomarker of effective NAD repletion.
 Open-Label, non-randomized research of the pharmacokinetics of the
nutritional supplement nicotinamide riboside (NR) and its have effects
on blood NAD+ levels in healthy volunteers
–Published in PLoS One
This study provides measurable evidence that when we age, and our bodies produce a
lot of extra PARP due to accumulated oxidative damage to our DNA, this may result
in reduced levels of NAD in our tissues. These lower NAD levels may play a
significant role in the aging process by limiting energy production, DNA repair and
other vital communications between cells.
 Repeat dose NRPT (nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) enhances
NAD+ levels in humans safely and sustainably: a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study
–Published in NPJ Aging Mechanisms of Disease
Here, we show this first-in-humans clinical trial designed to assess the safety and
efficacy of a repeat dose of NRPT. NRPT evaluated in a randomized, double-blind,
and placebo-controlled study in a population of 120 healthy adults ages at 60 ~80
years old. The study composed of three treatment arms: placebo, the recommended
dose of NRPT (NRPT 1X), and the double dose of NRPT (NRPT 2X). It shows that a
repeat dose of NRPT is a safe and effective way to increase NAD+ levels sustainably.
Nicotinamide Riboside optimal dosage
Getting the NR dosage correct can help avoid nicotinamide riboside side effects as
well. Most of the researches are in the thousands of milligrams per kilogram of body
weight, but the suggested NR supplement dose is 1-200 mg per day.
There are many anecdotal reports of doses up to 600 mg per day, which can increase
mental energy and focus, but these do not recommend for first-time users. NIAGEN®
has a successful New Dietary Ingredient Notification with FDA (NDIN 882) for
daily-recommended intake of not more than 180 mg/day.
Nicotinamide Riboside side effects
There are few nicotinamide riboside side effects. A compound is a natural form of
vitamin B3 suggesting it’s generally safe.

8. Most users will not have nicotinamide riboside side effects unless physically active.
Even then, the loss of physical performance was based on theoretical animal models
while there is no human evidence.
Where to buy Nicotinamide Riboside Powder?
If you want to find Nicotinamide riboside in bulk, Cima Science Co., Ltd may is your
better choice. Currently, Cima Science Co., Ltd manufacture raw materials of
Nicotinamide riboside (chloride form) stable and have the capital to offer in large
quantities. 30kgs inventory is available. A price quote and COA (certificate of
analysis) or detailed specification sheet, please feel free to contact us.
Frequently AskedQuestions:
Could you offer Nicotinamide riboside powder in bulk?
Yes, Cimasci has sufficient stocks of NR powder, meet the quality requirements from
customers and arrange the delivery in the fastest time.
What aspects does Cima Science test for Nicotinamide Riboside Powder?
Usually, we test NR Assay, water content, Identification by NMR, Heavy metals
Residual solvents, Microbes, also meet customers other requests if necessary.
Do you have similar products of Nicotinamide Riboside, like NMN?
Besides NR, we also offer NMN (or called beta-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide),
NAD+, NADH, NADP+, and NADPH.
Which products can you recommend for matching with NR?
Pterostilbene, Resveratrol, PQQ, CoQ10 (ubiquinone/ubiquinol), quercetin,
oxaloacetic acid, d-ribose, etc.
Nicotinamide Riboside latest literature:
 Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and
humans
 Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates
NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults
 2013 -Nicotinamide riboside, a trace nutrient in foods, is a Vitamin B3 with
effects on energy metabolism and neuroprotection

9.  Discoveries of Nicotinamide Riboside as a Nutrient and Conserved NRK
Genes Establish a Preiss-Handler Independent Route to NAD in Fungi and
Humans