This document discusses Qualcomm's journey with mobile learning (mLearning) and the challenges they have faced. It provides examples of some of Qualcomm's early mLearning apps and describes their current mLearning strategy, which includes leveraging existing low-cost solutions, taking a systemic enterprise approach, targeting smartphones, aggregating mobile-ready content, and using metrics to monitor usage. The document also lists the top 7 challenges of mLearning as the diversity of devices and platforms, lack of mobile-ready content, contract issues, LMS integration, whether employees use personal or company phones, developing engaging content, and measuring impact.
A Training Session at the Innovations in Libraries Series of the Nigerian Library Association, Delta State Chapter, held at the Petroleum Training Institute, Warri, Delta State, on September 11, 2018
Mobile landscape for community/ethnic mediaAmy Gahran
Amy Gahran's presentation: an overview of mobile media and mobile business opportunities for community and ethnic media organizations. Delivered for the Knight Digital Media Center @ USC, held at CUNY Graduate School of Journalism, May 18, 2012
Resources for this workshop:
http://communitymobile.tumblr.com
A presentation to the European network of Safer Internet Centers on how to use social media to promote their work. September 2013. The presentation focused on knowing your user, building a hub, an image and a brand that will last and grow with the evolution of the social web.
A Training Session at the Innovations in Libraries Series of the Nigerian Library Association, Delta State Chapter, held at the Petroleum Training Institute, Warri, Delta State, on September 11, 2018
Mobile landscape for community/ethnic mediaAmy Gahran
Amy Gahran's presentation: an overview of mobile media and mobile business opportunities for community and ethnic media organizations. Delivered for the Knight Digital Media Center @ USC, held at CUNY Graduate School of Journalism, May 18, 2012
Resources for this workshop:
http://communitymobile.tumblr.com
A presentation to the European network of Safer Internet Centers on how to use social media to promote their work. September 2013. The presentation focused on knowing your user, building a hub, an image and a brand that will last and grow with the evolution of the social web.
The mobile ecosystem and development strategiesIvano Malavolta
The mobile ecosystem
Mobile as the 7th mass medium
Designing for context
Mobile development strategies
Types of mobile applications
Tips for the project
This presentation has been developed in the context of the Mobile Applications Development course, DISIM, University of L'Aquila (Italy), Spring 2013.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
Keeping Up with Your Mobile-Savvy Consumers
It’s abundantly clear that the mobile space is evolving at a rapid pace with no signs of slowing down. We know that consumers are addicted to their mobile devices and mobile internet usage is projected to trump desktop usage this year, so why isn’t your marketing plan focusing on your mobile consumers? Join Tomer Cohen from LinkedIn as he discusses how to keep up and capitalize your marketing efforts with the on-the-go, mobile-savvy consumer.
Attendees will learn how to:
Set and exceed mobile engagement goals
Anticipate the wants & needs of your audience
Leverage mobile marketing to delight your audience and grow your revenue
Mobile computing application risks in ZimbabweIOSR Journals
Abstract: Mobile technology has now become the order of the day. Everyone seems to own one or more mobile
devices. Everyone is so excited because this has made life easier for a lot of people. Though mobile technology
has brought many benefits to people’s lives, its application has some risks that come with it. This paper
therefore looked at mobile computing application areas in Zimbabwe, the risks brought about by mobile
computing application in Zimbabwe and how mobile computing application risks are mitigated in a developing
country like Zimbabwe where the technology level seems to be behind. The study findings showed that mobile
application areas in Zimbabwe include paying bills, social networking and playing games. Most Zimbabweans
revealed that they do not know how to mitigate mobile computing application risks. The study finally
recommended that mobile computing application risks should be taught in schools as well as in televisions and
radios so that everyone is aware of them.
Keywords: application risks, mobile computing, mobile device,mobile technology
From a SOCITM Meeting June 2014 (Society of Information Technology Managers). A 10 minute presentation on how ICT in Learning is developing, a few requirements to provide the right infrastructure to support essential technology rich learning environments and how a vision and framework can support this.
Lee Rainie, director of Internet, Science and Technology Research at the Pew Research Center, spoke on May 10, 2017 to the American Bar Association’s Section of Science and Technology Law about the rise of the Internet of Things and its implications for privacy and cybersecurity. The velocity of change today is remarkable and increasingly challenging to navigate. Rainie discussed Pew Research Center’s reports about “Digital Life in 2025” and “The Internet of Things Will Thrive by 2025,” which present the views of hundreds of “technology builders and analysts” on the future of the internet. He also highlighted the implications of the Center’s reports on “Americans and Cybersecurity” and “What the Public Knows about Cybersecurity.”
MyEventApps (www.MyEventApps.com) presents "Mobile 101: Your Introduction to Mobile."
Get yourself up to speed! This guide explains the stuff you just need to know about smartphones, mobile apps and the technology. Topics include feature phones vs. smart phones, key mobile stats, the big players, mobile web apps vs. native apps and much more.
It even includes a Mobile 101 Glossary to easily understand all the things you’ve wanted to know but were too afraid to ask: what are 3G, Bluetooth, GPS, HTML5, Push Notifications, etc.
This presentation is brought to you by the team at MyEventApps, a feature-rich yet easy and affordable mobile app service for the event market. www.MyEventApps.com
SUG - Singapore - Use of Social communication in the next generation of businessMark Stokes
These are the slides for my presentation to the Singapore SharePoint User Group in September 2014.
I have added some extra points, based on the discussion topics around different cultures and End User Adoption.
The mobile ecosystem and development strategiesIvano Malavolta
The mobile ecosystem
Mobile as the 7th mass medium
Designing for context
Mobile development strategies
Types of mobile applications
Tips for the project
This presentation has been developed in the context of the Mobile Applications Development course, DISIM, University of L'Aquila (Italy), Spring 2013.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
Keeping Up with Your Mobile-Savvy Consumers
It’s abundantly clear that the mobile space is evolving at a rapid pace with no signs of slowing down. We know that consumers are addicted to their mobile devices and mobile internet usage is projected to trump desktop usage this year, so why isn’t your marketing plan focusing on your mobile consumers? Join Tomer Cohen from LinkedIn as he discusses how to keep up and capitalize your marketing efforts with the on-the-go, mobile-savvy consumer.
Attendees will learn how to:
Set and exceed mobile engagement goals
Anticipate the wants & needs of your audience
Leverage mobile marketing to delight your audience and grow your revenue
Mobile computing application risks in ZimbabweIOSR Journals
Abstract: Mobile technology has now become the order of the day. Everyone seems to own one or more mobile
devices. Everyone is so excited because this has made life easier for a lot of people. Though mobile technology
has brought many benefits to people’s lives, its application has some risks that come with it. This paper
therefore looked at mobile computing application areas in Zimbabwe, the risks brought about by mobile
computing application in Zimbabwe and how mobile computing application risks are mitigated in a developing
country like Zimbabwe where the technology level seems to be behind. The study findings showed that mobile
application areas in Zimbabwe include paying bills, social networking and playing games. Most Zimbabweans
revealed that they do not know how to mitigate mobile computing application risks. The study finally
recommended that mobile computing application risks should be taught in schools as well as in televisions and
radios so that everyone is aware of them.
Keywords: application risks, mobile computing, mobile device,mobile technology
From a SOCITM Meeting June 2014 (Society of Information Technology Managers). A 10 minute presentation on how ICT in Learning is developing, a few requirements to provide the right infrastructure to support essential technology rich learning environments and how a vision and framework can support this.
Lee Rainie, director of Internet, Science and Technology Research at the Pew Research Center, spoke on May 10, 2017 to the American Bar Association’s Section of Science and Technology Law about the rise of the Internet of Things and its implications for privacy and cybersecurity. The velocity of change today is remarkable and increasingly challenging to navigate. Rainie discussed Pew Research Center’s reports about “Digital Life in 2025” and “The Internet of Things Will Thrive by 2025,” which present the views of hundreds of “technology builders and analysts” on the future of the internet. He also highlighted the implications of the Center’s reports on “Americans and Cybersecurity” and “What the Public Knows about Cybersecurity.”
MyEventApps (www.MyEventApps.com) presents "Mobile 101: Your Introduction to Mobile."
Get yourself up to speed! This guide explains the stuff you just need to know about smartphones, mobile apps and the technology. Topics include feature phones vs. smart phones, key mobile stats, the big players, mobile web apps vs. native apps and much more.
It even includes a Mobile 101 Glossary to easily understand all the things you’ve wanted to know but were too afraid to ask: what are 3G, Bluetooth, GPS, HTML5, Push Notifications, etc.
This presentation is brought to you by the team at MyEventApps, a feature-rich yet easy and affordable mobile app service for the event market. www.MyEventApps.com
SUG - Singapore - Use of Social communication in the next generation of businessMark Stokes
These are the slides for my presentation to the Singapore SharePoint User Group in September 2014.
I have added some extra points, based on the discussion topics around different cultures and End User Adoption.
With smartphones becoming commonplace and new mobile devices such as tablets skyrocketing in popularity, the interest in mobile learning has begun to heat up as well. Many organizations see the promise of mobile learning, but actual implementations are still rare. Is now the time to take the plunge into mobile learning, or should you wait for a more stable mobile landscape to emerge?
In this presentation, you will:
• Learn the difference between mobility and portability when applied to learning activities.
• Explore the different devices suitable for different learning content types.
• Be provided a framework to begin thinking about the challenges and opportunities for mobile learning within your organization.
WITI Summit 2013 Mobile Technology Trends & StrategyAmanda McConnell
The complete presentation from the Mobile Technology & Strategy Workshop at the 2013 Women in Technology Summit. Includes slides from Bess Ho and Amanda McConnell.
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Consumer experiences are very different today and necessitate a change in how we plan for, attend, and engage after events.
The mobile web plays a part. This presentation highlights a few tools that should be in your bag of tricks to make your event experiential!
Presented in collaboration with Will Burrus (247 Interactive), Nate Riggs (Social Business Strategies), and Eric Leslie (Be On Scene) at Skyline Exhibits - Columbus, OH.
Understanding of Smartphones as a Survey Platform | Thumbspeak @ MRMW 2011ResearchShare
Examining how technology-driven data applications have become viable options for ascertaining consumer feedback.
Determining the implications for mobile applications for delivering data quality to brands.
How to motivate consumers to respond quickly to branded information through channel novelty
LIASA Pre-conference Workshop 3: Mobile LiteracyKidsintheCloud
Presented on 30 Sept. 2019 at the Durban International Conference Centre, SA.
Mobile Literacy in South Africa is an ecosystem of projects and initiatives by a variety of stakeholders that promote, support and enable access to literature and literacy projects on mobile devices, especially mobile phones, in the context of informal education. Mobile literacy is also known by the abbreviation mLiteracy.
In the mobile age, "Mobile Literacy" replaces general "Computer Literacy". The focus is on effective use of a mobile device in an online internet connected world. Many users are mobile only, having no PC or Laptop at their disposal.
In many scenarios, mobile only users live in precarious socio-economic conditions. This presentation addresses the use of mobile devices as a means to support users as they educate themselves, improve their work chances, optimise the use of meagre financial resources and consider security in a digital world.
Contact mike@digitalinclusion.co.za if interested in sponsoring the delivery of the course.
State of the Mobile Landscape: Mobile Literacy and What It Means for Libraries Robin M. Ashford, MSLIS
Laura Zeigen, Oregon Health & Science University and Robin Ashford, George Fox University - Online NW 2012 Conference: http://www.ous.edu/onlinenw/2012/program.html (Full report link on last slide)
Description:
Mobile technologies are having a growing impact in libraries. Ebsco, Gale, WorldCat Local, and many other vendors are developing for the mobile market. We are in a period of transition; some libraries are providing extensive mobile services, while others are deciding where to begin. Librarians are developing mobile literacy skills to better serve users. Join us as we explore mobile in libraries, including results from a Pacific Northwest public and academic libraries mobile climate survey.
Learning On The Go: Leverage Mobile Computing in the WorkplaceSaba Software
This webinar will explore the explosive growth of mobile computing and the phenomenon of “anywhere, anytime” access to information. You will learn about current trends in the mobile marketplace, how it is evolving, and what the implications are to your organization's mobile learning strategies.
The approach to training is becoming more focused around employing m-learning “bite-sized” nuggets of knowledge that are targeted to the individual's on-demand learning needs. Join us for this webinar to find out how your organization can best adopt a meaningful “learning on the go” strategy.
The World of Mobile Computing Today
How Is Mobile Computing Changing?
How Does Mobile Computing Affect Learning?
Mobility and Micro-Learning
Mobile Learning in the Workplace
#MobileInAction - iRecruitExpo June 2013, AmsterdamDave Martin
Dave has interviewed numerous recruitment leaders from around the world, mobile strategic experts, authors, founders and market analysts which are made available online through his 'Mobile in Action' videocast. In this fast pace session Dave will share a summary of learnings from the people he has talked to giving you example case studies, strategic advice and gotcha's to watch out for. The objective is to deliver information you need to take your next steps in a world filling up of handheld web devices (smartphones & tablets). If you are on the mobile journey already, there will an opportunity for a few to share their stories with the audience and Dave.
Jon Moser's edSocialMedia Webinar: Going Mobile: How it Pertains to Social Me...edSocialMedia
Jon Moser, President and Founder of finalsite, is passionate about web trends and strategies that impact the education field. In this edSocialMedia webinar, Moser discusses how an organizations' websites should be optimized for mobile consumption. Topics include: just how mobile are we, social media on a mobile device, school website functionality, design revision for a new world, and more.
Similar to If At First You Don't Succeed... The Mobile Learning Journey at Qualcomm (20)
4. Any activity that allows individuals to be
more productive when consuming,
interacting with, or creating information,
mediated through a compact digital portable
device that the individual carries on a
regular basis, has reliable connectivity, and
fits in a pocket or purse.
Source: eLearning Guild, 360 Report
6. Mobile
“Learning”(In the traditional sense…)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Online to
educate
Online to
research
Online to keep
informed
Traditional User
Mobile user
8. Other
findings…• Mobile used for… finance &
advocacy
• Mobile not used for… creative
expression
• Intent differs by gender and age
Source: RuderFinn.com, Mobile Intent Index
9. mLearning: It’s
Time!2009: Half
billion people
accessed
mobile Internet
2011: over 85 percent of
new handsets will be able
to access the mobile Web
3G handsets
becoming
ubiquitous
Smartphone sales
growing fast
(Multi-)touch
interface“Real” web
on mobile
Source: mobiThinking.com, Global Mobile Stats
2013: The #1 device
used to access the
web will be the phone
20. Current
Strategy• Leverage low cost, low risk solutions
• Systemic, enterprise approach
• Partner with IT! Use what they
already have
• Target devices (SmartPhones)
• Aggregate mobile ready content
• Metrics! Monitor usage
30. #7 - Diversity of devices &
platforms
#6 - Lack of mobile ready
content
#5 - Contract issues
#4 - LMS integration
#3 - Personal vs. company
issued phones
31. #7 - Diversity of devices &
platforms
#6 - Lack of mobile ready
content
#5 - Contract issues
#4 - LMS integration
#3 - Personal vs. company
issued phones
32. #7 - Diversity of devices &
platforms
#6 - Lack of mobile ready
content
#5 - Contract issues
#4 - LMS integration
#3 - Personal vs. company
issued phones
33. #7 - Diversity of devices &
platforms
#6 - Lack of mobile ready
content
#5 - Contract issues
#4 - LMS integration
#3 - Personal vs. company
issued phones
34. #7 - Diversity of devices &
platforms
#6 - Lack of mobile ready
content
#5 - Contract issues
#4 - LMS integration
#3 - Personal vs. company
issued phones
35. #7 - Diversity of devices &
platforms
#6 - Lack of mobile ready
content
#5 - Contract issues
#4 - LMS integration
#3 - Personal vs. company
issued phones
36. #7 - Diversity of devices &
platforms
#6 - Lack of mobile ready
content
#5 - Contract issues
#4 - LMS integration
#3 - Personal vs. company
issued phones
38. Resources
• RuderFinn.com, Mobile Intent Index:
http://www.ruderfinn.com/rfrelate/intent/mobile/intent-
index.html
• mobiThinking.com, Global Mobile Stats:
http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-
mobile-stats
• Jive: http://www.jivesoftware.com/
• WordPress: http://wordpress.org/
• WPTouch WordPress Theme:
http://www.bravenewcode.com/products/wptouch-pro/
Editor's Notes
Multiple interpretations. Technically speaking, just about any device could be mobile – especially laptops. However, for our purposes, we are defining “mobile learning” as learning via a device you use on the go, while you are mobile. It usually means learning via a device you can hold in one hand. iPhone, Laptop, iPadOur focus: handheldOur definition -- mLearning: Something you use when you are mobile. Handheld.
pocketable devices
Mobile phones are not a learning tool. Mobile users (76%) are much less likely than all users (92%) to go online to learn. Learning requires time and patience, something mobile phone users are in short supply of. They (64%) are 1.5 times less likely than the traditional user (96%) to go online to educate themselvesThey (64%) are 1.4 times less likely than the traditional user (94%) to go online to research.They (95%) are more likely than the traditional user (86%) to go online to keep informed.
Mobile phones are a social connector. 91% of mobile users go online to socialize, compared to only 79% of traditional users. They are using their mobile phones "at the moment" to connect with others. The top socialize intents are:Instant message – 62%Forward e-mails (58%), content (40%) and photos (38%)Post comments on social networking sites – 45%Connect to people on social networking sites – 43%
Intent of Mobile Phone Users Differ by Gender and AgeMen look at prices but women buy. When shopping, men are more likely than women to compare prices (47% vs. 30%), but women are more likely to purchase (40% vs. 30%).Women express themselves while men do business. Women are much more likely than men to personally express themselves (49% vs. 35%) but men are much more likely to do business (62% vs. 57%).Men want to get away. Men (79%) are much more likely than women (61%) to use their mobile phone to simply "escape."Women want to make others laugh. Many more women (70%) than men (58%) go online using their mobile devices to entertain others.Youth are the target for retailers. Youth (44%) are more likely to shop over their mobile phones than the average mobile user (35%).Seniors want to learn. Seniors (82%) are much more likely than the traditional user (64%) to use their mobile phones to educate themselves.PRNewswire.com, New Study Shows ‘Intent’ Behind Mobile Internet Use - http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-study-shows-intent-behind-mobile-internet-use-84016487.html
http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats#gartner-predicts1) Mobile subscribers will surpass 5 billion in 2010 (that's over 70 percent of the world population) and growing rapidly, led by China and India.* What other medium offers that reach?2) Half a billion people accessed mobile Internet worldwide in 2009. Usage will double within five years as mobile overtakes the PC as the most popular way to get on the Web.* But with 233 million mobile Web users in China alone, is this estimate conservative?3) By 2011, over 85 percent of new handsets will be able to access the mobile Web.* Please note that this does not mean smartphones – you do not need a smartphone to access the mobile Web (but it does make for a richer experience).4) The number of 3G handsets is growing fast. 3G means faster access the mobile Web (assuming a 3G network is available).* While very high 3G handset penetration helps to keep Japan at the pinnacle of mobile Web, very low 3G penetration in China hasn't stopped rapid growth.5) Mobile devices sales fell slightly in 2009, while smartphone sales showed strong growth albeit from a small base.* Beware: there is a lot of misinformation about the market share of smartphones and some handsets in particular. This doesn't matter if your mobile strategy targets all phone users equally, but if you are prioritizing one handset, you must know the facts.6) Estimates for expenditure on mobile advertising and marketing worldwide ranged from US$1.4 billion to $7.5 billion in 2009, all analysts forecast rapid growth. But with annual mobile advertising expenditure of US$1.14 billion in Japan alone, are these estimates conservative or is Japan still light years ahead of the rest of the world?7) How will consumers use their mobiles? The key drivers for mobile usage are expected to be (in order of importance) money transfer; location-based services; mobile search; mobile browsing; mobile health monitoring; mobile payment; near-field-communication services; mobile advertising; instant messaging; and mobile music.8) The top five mobile network operators worldwide that derive more of their revenue from data than other operators are all Asian: Smart Philippines, Globe Philippines, SoftBank Japan, NTT DOCOMO Japan, KDDI Japan. Also four of the top five MNOs for monthly churn (loyalty) are also Asian. Also includes top five for subscribers, revenues, monthly average revenue per user (ARPU).
Turned our first app into a web-based app, added acronym database.
At QC, as of February 2010, based on Exchange Server access.
STRATEGY:Short term target devices: SmartPhonesPrimary data consumersLower development costsMore mobile ready content for SmartPhonesUse Mobile Learning Portal to aggregate all mobile ready learning content currently availableNinth House Instant AdviceGetAbstractQualcomm University PodcastsLeverage low cost, low risk solutionsMetrics! Monitor usageCHALLENGES:Intellectual property seepageLMS integrationVPN/SecureTokenID required on NEXT STEPS:Continue to monitor new mobile content management/delivery systemsPursue a blended mobile learning solution, for example…Mobile Learning Portal for On Demand contentSMS for quick tipsJive for building “community”Conduct Sounding Board survey to evaluate employee “readiness”Leverage mobile delivery mechanisms available in current IT Enterprise initiativesJive mobile clientSharePointEvaluate LMS integrationBuild-up mobile content library:Third party vendors: SkillSoft (?), SkillPill, Award Solutions (Engineering podcasts), Leadership Channel, Harvard 20 Minute PathsConvert non-IP in-house content to mobile formats (Note: This may require outsourcing)Video libraryJob aids
FEATURES:Mobile “Library” for On Demand contentMinimal development (WordPressWPTouch)Free, open sourceLow cost, low riskIT supportedWeb-basedWorks on all major smartphones
JOHNSigning up (use primary email address, real photo of yourself – no copyrighted images), password requirementsEmail settingsMy Feed, All FeedHow to find people to followLiking Basic posting@repliesHashtags, how to follow a hashtagDMsSearchGroups
JOHNNOTE: Point out the trick for installing it on BlackBerry.
#7 - SOLUTION: #6 - SOLUTION: Standards emerging, H264, HTML5, browser based apps, 4G, EVO, WP themes (WPTouch)#5 - SOLUTION: #4 - SOLUTION: #3 - SOLUTION: Obtain buy-in up front, work with security and legal, update mobile policy#2 - SOLUTION: Firewall, remote kill switch. Work with IT.#1 - SOLUTION:
#7 - SOLUTION: #6 - SOLUTION: Standards emerging, H264, HTML5, browser based apps, 4G, EVO, WP themes (WPTouch)#5 - SOLUTION: #4 - SOLUTION: #3 - SOLUTION: Obtain buy-in up front, work with security and legal, update mobile policy#2 - SOLUTION: Firewall, remote kill switch. Work with IT.#1 - SOLUTION:
#7 - SOLUTION: #6 - SOLUTION: Standards emerging, H264, HTML5, browser based apps, 4G, EVO, WP themes (WPTouch)#5 - SOLUTION: #4 - SOLUTION: #3 - SOLUTION: Obtain buy-in up front, work with security and legal, update mobile policy#2 - SOLUTION: Firewall, remote kill switch. Work with IT.#1 - SOLUTION:
#7 - SOLUTION: #6 - SOLUTION: Standards emerging, H264, HTML5, browser based apps, 4G, EVO, WP themes (WPTouch)#5 - SOLUTION: #4 - SOLUTION: #3 - SOLUTION: Obtain buy-in up front, work with security and legal, update mobile policy#2 - SOLUTION: Firewall, remote kill switch. Work with IT.#1 - SOLUTION:
#7 - SOLUTION: #6 - SOLUTION: Standards emerging, H264, HTML5, browser based apps, 4G, EVO, WP themes (WPTouch)#5 - SOLUTION: #4 - SOLUTION: #3 - SOLUTION: Obtain buy-in up front, work with security and legal, update mobile policy#2 - SOLUTION: Firewall, remote kill switch. Work with IT.#1 - SOLUTION:
#7 - SOLUTION: #6 - SOLUTION: Standards emerging, H264, HTML5, browser based apps, 4G, EVO, WP themes (WPTouch)#5 - SOLUTION: #4 - SOLUTION: #3 - SOLUTION: Obtain buy-in up front, work with security and legal, update mobile policy#2 - SOLUTION: Firewall, remote kill switch. Work with IT.#1 - SOLUTION:
#7 - SOLUTION: #6 - SOLUTION: Standards emerging, H264, HTML5, browser based apps, 4G, EVO, WP themes (WPTouch)#5 - SOLUTION: #4 - SOLUTION: #3 - SOLUTION: Obtain buy-in up front, work with security and legal, update mobile policy#2 - SOLUTION: Firewall, remote kill switch. Work with IT.#1 - SOLUTION: