SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 20
Download to read offline
Hussein Ghaly
 Idiomatic expressions play a
significant role in Chomsky’s
argument for eliminating D-Structure
and S-Structure and maintaining LF:
β€œ If condition A were to Apply at S-Structure … the later LF
processes would be free to choose either idiomatic or the
literal interpretation … thus we have the strongest kind of
argument against S-Structure”
β€œβ€¦ a strong argument for LF representation. The facts are
explained in terms of a level of representation with two
properties: (1) phrases with a unitary interpretation such as
the idiom (take … picture) or (have … attitudes) appear as
units; (2) binding theory applies. In standard EST
approaches, LF is the only candidate. This argument is still
clearer in this minimalist theory, lacking D-Structure and …
S-Structure.”
Chomsky, The Minimalist Program, Pages 207-208
 Children learn idioms following adult input
 Input determines idiomatic and flexible
expressions
 Flexible expressions form templates
 Templates help in learning lexical items and
syntactic equivalencies
 Templates are abstracted to form grammar
 Children acquire the idiom β€œants in the pants” – CHILDES corpus
["*MOT: (be)cause she's got ants in her pants .
x15111506_112911x15", (4463, 174)]
['*MOT: +" ants in pants . x1594363_98226x15', (4463, 154)]
["*FAT: got ants in your pants today , don't you ?", (1537, 2379)]
['*CHI: ants in your pants .', (1668, 23862)]
['*MCH: you got ants in your pants .', (1675, 8071)]
['*BRO: I got ants in my pants an(d) I need to dance but a big fat
momma', (1675, 11533)]
['*MCH: you got ants in your +...', (1675, 8074)]
['*MCH: got ants in my (.) +...', (1675, 8065)]
['*MOT: ants in the pants ? x15972916_974781x15', (3995, 1242)]
['*MOT: ants in the pants ? x15970481_972916x15', (3995, 1239)]
["*MOT: it's covered with dirt , not my pants that sat in the ants , ants in
my pants tonight . x151019315_1025593x15", (3999, 1456)]
 One assumption is to treat β€œThank you” as an
idiom…
 From CHILDES Corpus:
β—¦ Number of β€œthank you” utterances: 3381
β—¦ Number of β€œthank you” utterances by children: 490
β—¦ Number of β€œthank” not followed by β€œyou” utterances: 335
β—¦ Number of β€œthank” not followed by β€œyou” utterances by
children: 96
 The percentage of β€œThank (NOT you)” for children
is about 20%, while for the rest is about 10%, but
the rest includes children, so numbers need
refinement
 β€œHere’s X” is an expression that is partly
idiomatic, but it is analyzable, so β€œHere’s” can
be rigid, while X can change
 Input can make some expressions
β€œrigid/frozen” while others β€œflexible”
So given the input from adults:
 ["*MOT: oh (.) here's a chair .", (1, 166)]
 ["*MOT: here's a table .", (1, 186)]
 ["*MOT: here's a cooker like Daddy's cooker .", (3, 79)]
 ["*MOT: here's some blocks (.) beads .", (3, 129)]
 ["*MOT: here's something that goes over here .", (5, 405)]
 ["*MOT: look (.) here's that little puppy like you have .", (16, 353)]
 ["*MOT: here's another one .", (19, 132)]
 ["*MOT: here's some more round ones that go in there though .", (35, 459)]
 ["*MOT: and here's the bench for them to sit at the table .", (40, 478)]
Children would follow:
 ["*CHI: here's one for you .", (184, 11697)]
 ["*CHI: here's a railroad tracks .", (185, 6552)]
 ["*CHI: here's Jenny .", (185, 7735)]
 ["*CHI: here's a little horse .", (186, 1144)]
 ["*CHI: and here's my tennis racquet .", (187, 13956)]
 Children learn:
β—¦ Anything at X has to be in one syntactic category
(NP)
β—¦ making equivalencies between NP treelets (e.g. Det
N; Adj N; NP Cnj NP; NP C VP ..etc)
β—¦ Template can be associated with the pragmatic
purpose of showing/pointing at/presenting
something
β—¦ Matching template to new input to discover
unknown items at X
 How templates and categories can help in
acquiring vocabulary and grammar of a new
language
 A little exercise with Egyptian Arabic
I have a cat β€˜andee ottah 🐱
A fish and a cat Samakah we ottah 🐱 🐟
The cat is eating El ottah be taakol 🐱
He saw a fish Howwa shaaf samakah 🐟
he saw a monkey Howwa shaaf erd πŸ’
So, how do you say
β€œcat” in Egyptian
Arabic?
I have a cat β€˜andee ottah 🐱
A fish and a cat Samakah we ottah 🐱 🐟
The cat is eating El ottah be taakol 🐱
He saw a fish Howwa shaaf samakah 🐟
He saw a monkey Howwa shaaf erd πŸ’
Cat = ottah = 🐱
I have a πŸŒ‘ β€˜andee πŸŒ‘ 🐱
A fish and a πŸŒ‘ Samakah we πŸŒ‘ 🐱 🐟
The πŸŒ‘ is eating El πŸŒ‘ be taakol 🐱
He saw a fish Howwa shaaf samakah 🐟
He saw a monkey Howwa shaaf erd πŸ’
Cat = ottah = 🐱
How about β€œfish”?
I have a πŸŒ‘ β€˜andee πŸŒ‘ 🐱
A πŸŒ‘ and a πŸŒ‘ πŸŒ‘ we πŸŒ‘ 🐱 🐟
The πŸŒ‘ is eating El πŸŒ‘ be taakol 🐱
He saw a πŸŒ‘ Howwa shaaf πŸŒ‘ 🐟
He saw a monkey Howwa shaaf erd πŸ’
Cat = ottah = 🐱
Fish= samakah= 🐟
How do you say β€œmonkey”?
I have a πŸŒ‘ β€˜andee πŸŒ‘ 🐱
A πŸŒ‘ and a πŸŒ‘ πŸŒ‘ we πŸŒ‘ 🐱 🐟
The πŸŒ‘ is eating El πŸŒ‘ be taakol 🐱
He saw a πŸŒ‘ Howwa shaaf πŸŒ‘ 🐟
He saw a πŸŒ‘ Howwa shaaf πŸŒ‘ πŸ’
Cat = ottah = 🐱
Fish= samakah= 🐟
Monkey=erd=πŸ’
John saw πŸŒ‘ John shaaf πŸŒ‘
My friend saw πŸŒ‘ Saahby shaaf πŸŒ‘
The old man saw πŸŒ‘ El raagel el β€˜agooz
shaaf πŸŒ‘
The man who lives at
the fifth floor saw a πŸŒ‘
El raagel elly saaken fi
el dor el khaames
shaaf πŸŒ‘
He saw a πŸŒ‘ Howwa shaaf πŸŒ‘
Cat = ottah = 🐱
Fish= samakah= 🐟
Monkey=erd=πŸ’
How about β€œJohn” and other items
coming before β€œsaw”? 
Pragmatic value
πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw
something
πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw
something
πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw
something
πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw
something
πŸ”² saw a πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw
something
 Template: X saw Y = X shaaf Y; to express
that someone saw something
 Vocabulary:
β—¦ Cat = ottah = 🐱
β—¦ Fish= samakah= 🐟
β—¦ Monkey=erd=πŸ’
 Syntactic Equivalents:
β—¦ John = John
β—¦ My friend = saahby
β—¦ The old man = el raagel el β€˜agouz
β—¦ The man who lives at the fifth floor = el raagel elly saaken
fi el dor el khaames
Pragmatic Value
πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw
something
πŸ”² ate πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² akal πŸŒ‘ Someone ate
something
πŸ”² pulled πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shadd πŸŒ‘ Someone pulled
something
πŸ”² took πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² akhad πŸŒ‘ Someone took
something
πŸ”² made πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² β€˜amal πŸŒ‘ Someone made
something
All of these can be abstracted to the form:
X V Y
 Idioms provide guidance on the role of input
in creating flexible/rigid
expressions/templates
 With the input provided, we were able to
acquire:
β—¦ Vocabulary items (cat = ottah ..etc)
β—¦ Syntactic equivalencies (My friend; the old man; the
man who lives …)
β—¦ Templates associated with some
semantic/pragmatic setting
β—¦ Abstraction of templates into grammar
P.S. Play the game β€œChampolu” built on the
principles presented today 
champolu.com
Volunteers are welcome 

More Related Content

Recently uploaded

ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTiammrhaywood
Β 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Celine George
Β 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfUmakantAnnand
Β 
Enzyme, Pharmaceutical Aids, Miscellaneous Last Part of Chapter no 5th.pdf
Enzyme, Pharmaceutical Aids, Miscellaneous Last Part of Chapter no 5th.pdfEnzyme, Pharmaceutical Aids, Miscellaneous Last Part of Chapter no 5th.pdf
Enzyme, Pharmaceutical Aids, Miscellaneous Last Part of Chapter no 5th.pdfSumit Tiwari
Β 
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy ReformA Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy ReformChameera Dedduwage
Β 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxSayali Powar
Β 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityGeoBlogs
Β 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon AUnboundStockton
Β 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxNirmalaLoungPoorunde1
Β 
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL     STATUS EXAMINATION format.docxMENTAL     STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docxPoojaSen20
Β 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Educationpboyjonauth
Β 
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentAlper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentInMediaRes1
Β 
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) πŸ” >ΰΌ’9953330565πŸ” genuine Escort Service πŸ”βœ”οΈβœ”οΈ
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) πŸ” >ΰΌ’9953330565πŸ” genuine Escort Service πŸ”βœ”οΈβœ”οΈcall girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) πŸ” >ΰΌ’9953330565πŸ” genuine Escort Service πŸ”βœ”οΈβœ”οΈ
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) πŸ” >ΰΌ’9953330565πŸ” genuine Escort Service πŸ”βœ”οΈβœ”οΈ9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Β 
mini mental status format.docx
mini    mental       status     format.docxmini    mental       status     format.docx
mini mental status format.docxPoojaSen20
Β 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...EduSkills OECD
Β 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxRoyAbrique
Β 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Sapana Sha
Β 

Recently uploaded (20)

ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
Β 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Β 
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at πŸ”9953056974πŸ”
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at πŸ”9953056974πŸ”Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at πŸ”9953056974πŸ”
Model Call Girl in Tilak Nagar Delhi reach out to us at πŸ”9953056974πŸ”
Β 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Β 
Enzyme, Pharmaceutical Aids, Miscellaneous Last Part of Chapter no 5th.pdf
Enzyme, Pharmaceutical Aids, Miscellaneous Last Part of Chapter no 5th.pdfEnzyme, Pharmaceutical Aids, Miscellaneous Last Part of Chapter no 5th.pdf
Enzyme, Pharmaceutical Aids, Miscellaneous Last Part of Chapter no 5th.pdf
Β 
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy ReformA Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
Β 
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSDStaff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Staff of Color (SOC) Retention Efforts DDSD
Β 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
Β 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Β 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Β 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Β 
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdfTataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
Β 
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL     STATUS EXAMINATION format.docxMENTAL     STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
Β 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Β 
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media ComponentAlper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Alper Gobel In Media Res Media Component
Β 
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) πŸ” >ΰΌ’9953330565πŸ” genuine Escort Service πŸ”βœ”οΈβœ”οΈ
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) πŸ” >ΰΌ’9953330565πŸ” genuine Escort Service πŸ”βœ”οΈβœ”οΈcall girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) πŸ” >ΰΌ’9953330565πŸ” genuine Escort Service πŸ”βœ”οΈβœ”οΈ
call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) πŸ” >ΰΌ’9953330565πŸ” genuine Escort Service πŸ”βœ”οΈβœ”οΈ
Β 
mini mental status format.docx
mini    mental       status     format.docxmini    mental       status     format.docx
mini mental status format.docx
Β 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Β 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Β 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Β 

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
Β 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
Β 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
Β 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Β 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Β 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
Β 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
Β 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
Β 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
Β 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
Β 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
Β 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Β 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
Β 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
Β 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceChristy Abraham Joy
Β 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Β 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
Β 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
Β 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
Β 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Β 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Β 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
Β 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
Β 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
Β 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
Β 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Β 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
Β 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Β 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Β 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
Β 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
Β 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
Β 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Β 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
Β 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
Β 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Β 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
Β 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Β 

Idioms-based model for learnability and language acquisition

  • 2.  Idiomatic expressions play a significant role in Chomsky’s argument for eliminating D-Structure and S-Structure and maintaining LF: β€œ If condition A were to Apply at S-Structure … the later LF processes would be free to choose either idiomatic or the literal interpretation … thus we have the strongest kind of argument against S-Structure” β€œβ€¦ a strong argument for LF representation. The facts are explained in terms of a level of representation with two properties: (1) phrases with a unitary interpretation such as the idiom (take … picture) or (have … attitudes) appear as units; (2) binding theory applies. In standard EST approaches, LF is the only candidate. This argument is still clearer in this minimalist theory, lacking D-Structure and … S-Structure.” Chomsky, The Minimalist Program, Pages 207-208
  • 3.  Children learn idioms following adult input  Input determines idiomatic and flexible expressions  Flexible expressions form templates  Templates help in learning lexical items and syntactic equivalencies  Templates are abstracted to form grammar
  • 4.  Children acquire the idiom β€œants in the pants” – CHILDES corpus ["*MOT: (be)cause she's got ants in her pants . x15111506_112911x15", (4463, 174)] ['*MOT: +" ants in pants . x1594363_98226x15', (4463, 154)] ["*FAT: got ants in your pants today , don't you ?", (1537, 2379)] ['*CHI: ants in your pants .', (1668, 23862)] ['*MCH: you got ants in your pants .', (1675, 8071)] ['*BRO: I got ants in my pants an(d) I need to dance but a big fat momma', (1675, 11533)] ['*MCH: you got ants in your +...', (1675, 8074)] ['*MCH: got ants in my (.) +...', (1675, 8065)] ['*MOT: ants in the pants ? x15972916_974781x15', (3995, 1242)] ['*MOT: ants in the pants ? x15970481_972916x15', (3995, 1239)] ["*MOT: it's covered with dirt , not my pants that sat in the ants , ants in my pants tonight . x151019315_1025593x15", (3999, 1456)]
  • 5.  One assumption is to treat β€œThank you” as an idiom…  From CHILDES Corpus: β—¦ Number of β€œthank you” utterances: 3381 β—¦ Number of β€œthank you” utterances by children: 490 β—¦ Number of β€œthank” not followed by β€œyou” utterances: 335 β—¦ Number of β€œthank” not followed by β€œyou” utterances by children: 96  The percentage of β€œThank (NOT you)” for children is about 20%, while for the rest is about 10%, but the rest includes children, so numbers need refinement
  • 6.  β€œHere’s X” is an expression that is partly idiomatic, but it is analyzable, so β€œHere’s” can be rigid, while X can change  Input can make some expressions β€œrigid/frozen” while others β€œflexible”
  • 7. So given the input from adults:  ["*MOT: oh (.) here's a chair .", (1, 166)]  ["*MOT: here's a table .", (1, 186)]  ["*MOT: here's a cooker like Daddy's cooker .", (3, 79)]  ["*MOT: here's some blocks (.) beads .", (3, 129)]  ["*MOT: here's something that goes over here .", (5, 405)]  ["*MOT: look (.) here's that little puppy like you have .", (16, 353)]  ["*MOT: here's another one .", (19, 132)]  ["*MOT: here's some more round ones that go in there though .", (35, 459)]  ["*MOT: and here's the bench for them to sit at the table .", (40, 478)] Children would follow:  ["*CHI: here's one for you .", (184, 11697)]  ["*CHI: here's a railroad tracks .", (185, 6552)]  ["*CHI: here's Jenny .", (185, 7735)]  ["*CHI: here's a little horse .", (186, 1144)]  ["*CHI: and here's my tennis racquet .", (187, 13956)]
  • 8.  Children learn: β—¦ Anything at X has to be in one syntactic category (NP) β—¦ making equivalencies between NP treelets (e.g. Det N; Adj N; NP Cnj NP; NP C VP ..etc) β—¦ Template can be associated with the pragmatic purpose of showing/pointing at/presenting something β—¦ Matching template to new input to discover unknown items at X
  • 9.  How templates and categories can help in acquiring vocabulary and grammar of a new language  A little exercise with Egyptian Arabic
  • 10. I have a cat β€˜andee ottah 🐱 A fish and a cat Samakah we ottah 🐱 🐟 The cat is eating El ottah be taakol 🐱 He saw a fish Howwa shaaf samakah 🐟 he saw a monkey Howwa shaaf erd πŸ’ So, how do you say β€œcat” in Egyptian Arabic?
  • 11. I have a cat β€˜andee ottah 🐱 A fish and a cat Samakah we ottah 🐱 🐟 The cat is eating El ottah be taakol 🐱 He saw a fish Howwa shaaf samakah 🐟 He saw a monkey Howwa shaaf erd πŸ’ Cat = ottah = 🐱
  • 12. I have a πŸŒ‘ β€˜andee πŸŒ‘ 🐱 A fish and a πŸŒ‘ Samakah we πŸŒ‘ 🐱 🐟 The πŸŒ‘ is eating El πŸŒ‘ be taakol 🐱 He saw a fish Howwa shaaf samakah 🐟 He saw a monkey Howwa shaaf erd πŸ’ Cat = ottah = 🐱 How about β€œfish”?
  • 13. I have a πŸŒ‘ β€˜andee πŸŒ‘ 🐱 A πŸŒ‘ and a πŸŒ‘ πŸŒ‘ we πŸŒ‘ 🐱 🐟 The πŸŒ‘ is eating El πŸŒ‘ be taakol 🐱 He saw a πŸŒ‘ Howwa shaaf πŸŒ‘ 🐟 He saw a monkey Howwa shaaf erd πŸ’ Cat = ottah = 🐱 Fish= samakah= 🐟 How do you say β€œmonkey”?
  • 14. I have a πŸŒ‘ β€˜andee πŸŒ‘ 🐱 A πŸŒ‘ and a πŸŒ‘ πŸŒ‘ we πŸŒ‘ 🐱 🐟 The πŸŒ‘ is eating El πŸŒ‘ be taakol 🐱 He saw a πŸŒ‘ Howwa shaaf πŸŒ‘ 🐟 He saw a πŸŒ‘ Howwa shaaf πŸŒ‘ πŸ’ Cat = ottah = 🐱 Fish= samakah= 🐟 Monkey=erd=πŸ’
  • 15. John saw πŸŒ‘ John shaaf πŸŒ‘ My friend saw πŸŒ‘ Saahby shaaf πŸŒ‘ The old man saw πŸŒ‘ El raagel el β€˜agooz shaaf πŸŒ‘ The man who lives at the fifth floor saw a πŸŒ‘ El raagel elly saaken fi el dor el khaames shaaf πŸŒ‘ He saw a πŸŒ‘ Howwa shaaf πŸŒ‘ Cat = ottah = 🐱 Fish= samakah= 🐟 Monkey=erd=πŸ’ How about β€œJohn” and other items coming before β€œsaw”? 
  • 16. Pragmatic value πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw something πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw something πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw something πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw something πŸ”² saw a πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw something
  • 17.  Template: X saw Y = X shaaf Y; to express that someone saw something  Vocabulary: β—¦ Cat = ottah = 🐱 β—¦ Fish= samakah= 🐟 β—¦ Monkey=erd=πŸ’  Syntactic Equivalents: β—¦ John = John β—¦ My friend = saahby β—¦ The old man = el raagel el β€˜agouz β—¦ The man who lives at the fifth floor = el raagel elly saaken fi el dor el khaames
  • 18. Pragmatic Value πŸ”² saw πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shaaf πŸŒ‘ Someone saw something πŸ”² ate πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² akal πŸŒ‘ Someone ate something πŸ”² pulled πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² shadd πŸŒ‘ Someone pulled something πŸ”² took πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² akhad πŸŒ‘ Someone took something πŸ”² made πŸŒ‘ πŸ”² β€˜amal πŸŒ‘ Someone made something All of these can be abstracted to the form: X V Y
  • 19.  Idioms provide guidance on the role of input in creating flexible/rigid expressions/templates  With the input provided, we were able to acquire: β—¦ Vocabulary items (cat = ottah ..etc) β—¦ Syntactic equivalencies (My friend; the old man; the man who lives …) β—¦ Templates associated with some semantic/pragmatic setting β—¦ Abstraction of templates into grammar
  • 20. P.S. Play the game β€œChampolu” built on the principles presented today  champolu.com Volunteers are welcome 