training dwdm

3. What
???
Why
???
How
???
DWDM
What Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Why
• Provides hundreds of Gbps of scalable transmission capacity
• Provides capacity beyond TDM’s capability
How
multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a
single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (i.e. colors)
of laser light

4. Multiplexing

5. Types Of Multiplexing
1.1 Space-division multiplexing
1.2 Frequency-division multiplexing
1.3 Time-division multiplexing
1.4 Polarization-division multiplexing
1.5 Orbital angular momentum multiplexing
1.6 Code-division multiplexing

6. Types Of Multiplexing
Space Division Multiplexing

7. Types Of Multiplexing
Frequency Division Multiplexing

8. Types Of Multiplexing
Time Division Multiplexing
Telephony_multiplexer_system.gif

9. Types Of Multiplexing
Wavelength Division Multiplexing

10. OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
Traditional Network with Repeaters, no WDM
75% fewer fibers
WDM Network
with Repeaters
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
75% less equipment
WDM Network with
Optical Amplifiers
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM
OTM

11.  CWDM – Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
 DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
 CWDM
 Earlier two channels only(1550 nm Band & 1310 nm Band)
 Provides 8 Channel using wavelengths (1271 -1611nm)
 Channel spacing about 20 nm/18 channels
 Limits the total optical span to somewhere near 60 km for a 2.5 Gbit/s
signal
 Costly about non-WDM systems
 DWDM
 Provides 40 or 80 channels or can be more
 Channel spacing 0.8 nm or o.4 even less than 0.4nm

12.  DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Optical Fiber Communication(OFC):
• Method of transmitting information from one place to another place.
• Transmitted information is sending by pulses of light through an
optical fiber cable.
• Light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry
information.
N 2
N 1
N 1 > N 2
2
1
N1Sin 1 = N2Sin 2
Sinc = N2/N1
1 >= c

13.  DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Optical Spectrum:
• Uses the light wavelengths around 850, 1300 and 1550 nm.
• These wavelengths having less attenuation and its falling in the infrared
region
Band Description Range (nm) Bandwidth (nm)
O band Original 1260–1360 100
E band Extension 1360–1460 100
S band Short 1460–1525 65
C band Normal 1525–1565 40
L band Long 1565–1625 60
U band Ultra-long 1625–1675 50

14.  DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Components Of DWDM Systems:
 Terminal Multiplexer
 Terminal De-multiplexer
 Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer
 Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)
 Wavelength Converting Transponders
 Optical Cross Connects (OXC)
 Transceivers
Terminal Multiplexer:
• The terminal multiplexer actually contains one wavelength converting
transponder for each wavelength signal it will carry.
• Transponders receive the input optical signal, convert that signal into the
electrical domain, and retransmit the signal using a 1550 nm band laser.
• The terminal MUX also contains an optical multiplexer, which takes the
various 1550 nm band signals and places them onto a single fiber

15. Components Of DWDM Systems:
Terminal De-Multiplexer:
•The terminal de-multiplexer breaks the multi-wavelength signal back into
individual signals and outputs them on separate fibers for client-layer systems
to detect.
C
SC1
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C
C
SC1
F
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C
D
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C
SC1
F
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C
M
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X
OTU C
C
OTU
OTU
OTU

16. Components Of DWDM Systems:
Optical Line Amplifier:
• Optical amplifiers is used to reduce the power loss and attenuation.
• Boost up the received weak signals to transmit further
F
I
U
F
I
U
SC2
Site B Site D
Optical Cross Connects (OXC) :
• It is a device used to change high-speed optical signals in a fiber optic
network, such as an optical mesh network

17. Components Of DWDM Systems:
Optical Add-Drop multiplexer :
• It accept only the certain wavelength on the fiber to be do the de-multiplexed
(dropped) and re-multiplexed(added) while enabling all other wavelengths
to pass..
Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) :
• The OSC is used for remote node management, monitoring and control.
• Optical Supervisory Channel used for remote software upgrades.
• OSC Module is make ready for its own 1510 nm MUX/ DEMUX filter, the OSC
travels the same fiber as the DWDM stream.

18. D
E
M
U
X
F
I
U
M
U
X
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
F
I
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F
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S
C
1
F
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D
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U
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U
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OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
S
C
1
SC2
OLA
OTM OTM

19. Varansi
Noida
Shivpuri
Kanpur
Pune
Agra
Meerut
Nasik
Bhusawal
Indore Bhopal
Nagpur
Jabalpur
Lucknow
Sonipat
Jaipur
Nanded
Sholapur
Boira
Satna
Surat
Moradabad
Ahmadabad
Hyderaba
d
Ramjarokha
Yawatmal
Waranga
l
Mumb
ai
MCIE

21.  About 256 NEs of NG-WDM OSN 8800/6800/3800 to build National Ph1 + Expansion
DWDM Network with ODUk ASON.
 2 Fiber Cut Not OUT, High Reliability.

22.  NLD
 51 STM-16 (2.5G) Services provisioned .
 17 STM-64 (10G) Services provisioned .
 14 10G LAN ASON service provisioned.
 26 GE Services provisioned.
 Metro
 06 STM-64 (10G) Services (Pune Metro)
 01 STM-64 (10G) Services (Mumbai Metro)
 07 GE Services provisioned.
 01 STM-16 Services provisioned
10 Circles - GUJ, RAJ, MPD, HAR, MAH, MUM, APD, NDL,UPE, UPW
Board name
standard single wavelength
input value （dbm） 40
wavelength
standard single
wavelength output
value （dbm） 40
wavelength
Dain（dB）
full
wavelength max
output
TN12OAU101 -16 4 20-31 20
TN12OAU103 -20 4 24-36 20
TN12OAU105 -16 7 23-34 23
TN12OBU103 -19 4 23 20

23. SC1: SC1 processes one supervisory channel and receives/transmits
the optical signal from one direction.
SC2: SC2 processes two supervisory channels and receives/transmits
the optical signals from both directions.
SCC: System control and communication board (SCC) is the control
center of network element. It accomplishes all the management
functions and is responsible for the communication between the
equipment and network management system. It implements the order
wire overhead processing as well.
FIU: FIU (Fiber Interface Unit) is located in front of the supervisory
channel board and behind the amplifier unit in WDM system. It
converges C&L bands and supervisory channels, and then transmits over
single strand of fiber.

24. MCA: The MCA board can supervise central wavelength, power,
signal-to-noise ratio and other parameters of optical signals in real
time.
OAU: Generally applied to erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in
the WDM system. Amplifies optical signals in the fibers and
compensates signal attenuation caused by optical components and
fibers.
OBU: The EDFA optical module of the OBU board only has an optical
booster amplifier (BA) that works in the same way as OAU.
DCM: Dispersion compensation module is used to reduce the
dispersion.
MR2/8: 2/8 port multiplexing/de-multiplexing unit. Basically used at
OADM site

25. ASON(Automatic Switched Optical Network):
ASON is a new generation optical network that has the following features:
• Routes are selected automatically.
• Signaling controls the creation and removal of connections.
• Network connections are automatically and dynamically completed
Basic Concepts of ASON
The basic concepts related to the ASON are the three planes,
label switched path (LSP) and rerouting.

26. WDM ASON Trail:
WDM ASON Trail is classified into WDM ASON OCh Trail and
WDM ASON ODUk (k = 0, 1, 2, 3) Trail.
LSP:
Label switched path (LSP) is the path ASON services pass through. In an
ASON, to create ASON services is to create LSPs. On U2000, LSP is also
called ASON Trail

27. Rerouting:
Rerouting is a means of resuming services. When an LSP is disconnected
the source node queries and finds the best route to resume services. Then,
the initial node creates an LSP to transmit the service. After creating an LSP,
the source node deletes the original LSP.
Rerouting Lockout:
In some cases, rerouting is not required after failure in LSP. Then you
need to set rerouting lockout.
Rerouting Policy:
Diamond, gold and silver services all support the following four
rerouting polices:
• Use existing trails whenever possible:
During rerouting, the route of the new LSP overlaps the original route
whenever possible. This policy helps save network resources. When bandwidth
resources are insufficient, the service is more likely to reroute successfully.
• Do not use existing trails whenever possible
During rerouting, the route of the new LSP is separated from the
original route whenever possible. This policy is applicable to a network with
sufficient link resources.
•

28. Rerouting Policy:
• No rerouting constraint
During rerouting, the no rerouting constraint is computed for the
new LSP. Whether the new or old route resources are utilized again is not
considered. This policy chooses a route with the minimum cost as the new
route after rerouting according to network conditions.
•Use simulated section restoration
During rerouting, the services must reuse the original routes
without involving faulty spans. End-to-end rerouting is enabled only when
rerouting on the faulty spans fails, and thus service route can be controlled
and managed more easily.
Crank Back Mechanism:
The crank back mechanism during rerouting, optimization, and
creation of the wavelength/sub-wavelength LSP is supported . Has value
0,1,2,3

29. SLA Protection:
The ASON network can provide services of different QoS to different
clients.
The service level agreement (SLA) is used to classify services according to the service
protection. The rerouting time is related to the device type, interrupted service,
network resource and setting. The data are listed as follows only for reference.
Service
Protection and
Restoration
Scheme
Implementation Means Switching Time Rerouting Time
Diamond service
Protection and
restoration
Intra-board 1+1
protection, ODUk SNCP,
SW SNCP and rerouting
Less than 50 ms
The rerouting time varies with
the network size, capacity and
service types. For the typical
scenario of a four-NE mesh
network transmitting no more
than 40 wavelengths, the
rerouting time is counted in
seconds.
Gold service
Protection and
restoration
ODUk SPRing protection
and rerouting
Less than 50 ms
Silver service Restoration Rerouting -
Copper service
No protection
No restoration
- - -