This document discusses computer systems and ergonomics. It covers the basic components of a computer system including data, hardware, software, people, and procedures. It explains how these components work together with inputs being processed to create outputs. It also discusses ergonomics and how to develop the best human-computer interface, focusing on factors like workspace, equipment, and work practices to avoid injury and stress.

1. COMPUTER STUDIES
Accra Technical University
Computer Science Department
By: Ebenezer Ababio
Information Literacy

2. Name: Ebenezer Ababio
(Ben Nezar)
TEL: 024 440 5186
Email: eatetteh@atu.edu.gh

3. Computer
Systems and
Ergonomics

4. Computer Systems
and Ergonomics

5. A System
 A set of component parts that work together to achieve
a particular goal
Examples:
 digestive system
 manufacturing systems eg. using a robotic production
line to create cars,
 application system for applying to university
We will examine systems that make use of
technology.

6. Function of all systems
INPUT
PROCESSED
OUTPUT

7. IPO
The Function of Computing systems

8. Basic Design of computer systems

9. Components of a computer System
 Data
 Hardware
 Software
 People
 Procedures

10. Components of a Computer System
 Data: raw unorganised facts that are entered into the
system
 Software: the instructions that tell the equipment how to
function
 Hardware: The physical parts of the computer
system
 People: These are the users, the owners, the
technicians, the sellers, anyone involved
 Procedures: the methods used and order in which they
are done

11. Data – bits and bytes
 Computers are digital devices that store information as binary
numbers: 1s and 0s, eg 10101010
All keys on the keyboard are coded with a combination of 0’s and 1’s
Bit – binary digit is the smallest unit of measurement
8 bits = 1 byte = a character
Hello. = 6 bytes =6*8=48 bits

12. Data
Text and other characters are usually stored within the
memory of the computer by special codes called
ASCII – American Standard Code For Information
Interchange

14. 1
2
4
8
16
32
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
2
4
8
16
32
20
21
22
23
24
25
Convert – Binary to
Decimal
25 24 23 22 21 20
32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
Convert 100101 to a decimal value
25 24 23 22 21 20
32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
32 0 0 4 0 1
100101=32+4+1 = 37

15. Data
25 24 23 22 21 20
32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1 0 1
110101 =32 + 16 + 4 + 1 = 53

16. Data
25 24 23 22 21 20
32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
35 = 100011

17. Data
256 = 100000000
28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18. Binary
20 =1
21=2
22=4
23=8
24=16
25=32
26=64
27=128
28=256

19. Group work
 On a separate sheet make up a sentence of just 2 simple
words ie..
Hi there?
 Convert each letter to Decimal number using the ASCII
table provided then enter the binary equivalent in this
sheet.
 Pass the sheet to the group next to you to decode. (Nice
messages only)

20. DATA
Binary numbers : 1’s and 0’s
eg
10100011
convert the following binary numbers to decimal numbers:
A 0100 0001
# 0010 0011
8 0011 1000

21. Answers
 A 0100 0001 65
 # 0010 0011 35
 8 0011 1000 56

22. Data
 Data
is turned into useful
meaningful information
using applications software.

23. Software
 System Software: is the type of software that runs the
internal functions of a computer. It does the “housekeeping”
work, manages data and peripheral devices.
Examples:
 WindowsXP
 Linus
 VMS
 OS/400
 AIX
 MacOS
 z/OS

24. Applications Software:
software that enables
the user to process
the data into
meaningful
information in a
format that is
appropriate to the
data.

25. Hardware
One of the components of a computer system

26. Hardware Devices
 These devices include all
the physical technology
that makes up the
computer proper, including
the computer itself and any
add on devices called
peripherals.

27. Hardware Components
 Hardware components are typically divided into:
input process output
memory/storage

28. People
 The computer industry is a very diverse one - Within a
computer system the people will have many areas of
involvement.
 These include:
 Computer Users/Owners
 Data entry personnel
 Maintenance technicians
 Developers (programmers, designers,
engineers…)

29. Procedures
 These are the methods or
rules used to perform a
task or solve a problem
according to a set of
instructions.
 Guidelines for people to
follow

30. Procedures
1. Collect Information
2. Enter data
3. Check data
4. save data
5. print data
6. backup data

31. Ergonomics
The science of developing
the best human/machine interface.
USER
Practices/
Procedures
The
Room
The
Workstation

32. Ergonomics
Factors in developing the best working conditions
 Factors include:
The Work station The Room Work Practices
Adjustable chair
and table
Lighting
~ indirect & diffused
Sit properly
Position of the
monitor
Temperature ~ 18-
22ºC
Adjust furniture
Support for legs
(footstool)
Humidity ~
moderate
Take rest breaks
Document holder Static electricity ~
minimised
Undertake
exercises

33. Ergonomics – At the workstation

34. Ergonomics
Exercises – Hand + Wrist
(Avoid RSI or Cumulative Trauma Disorder)
http://www.yogacards.com/Yoga-exercise.html

36. Ergonomic Keyboard

37. Work Practices
Physical Health
Mental Health
stressed
out
Drone on
Squeal