A Dimensional Model of Service Design Toward Utilizing Public Transportation Open Data

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A Dimensional Model of Service Design
Toward Utilizing Public Transportation Open Data
ICSESS2017, Beijing, China
Toshihiko Yamakami
IoT Business Unit, ACCESS
Toshihiko.Yamakami@access-company.com
2017/11
Toshihiko Yamakami (ACCESS Confidential)A Dimensional Model of Service Design Toward Utilizing Public Transportation Open Data2017/11 1 / 18

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Outline
Background
Related Work
Research Method
Observations
Challenges of Open Data
Examples of Tokyo Metro Open Data Applications
Service Design
Dimensional Model of Award Winning Applications
Category Map of Applications
Framework Model
Examples of Design Process
Discussion
Advantages of the Proposed Model
Limitations
Conclusion

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Background
Research Purpose
The aim of this research is to develop a methodology to provide
third-party applications that utilize public transportation open data.
Backgrounds
Public transportation open data is increasingly available to leverage
third-party value-added applications to improve transport experience.
Despite of increase of open data, service design methodologies are
under-explored. Ad hoc service design leads to under-utilization of
available open data.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Related Work
a) open data in e-Government: provenance of government open data
[Zhai17], open government data in Mexico [Valle-Cruz16], open
government data in Shenzhen [Hu16]
b) utilization of transportation data: open data policies of US and EU
[Bourgois14]. open government data initiatives in northern and
southern Europe [Gomes14], urban structure analysis using smart card
data of public transportation [Maeda16], urban planning using phone
data and transportation open data [Holleczek14].
c) application software of transportation open data: a real-time high
volume transportation application in Dublin [Bouillet11], a route
planning application to show crowdedness in Belgium [Vandewiele17]
Past research did not address the lack of methodologies of open data
service design. The originality of this paper lies in its development of
a dimensional methodology for service design for public transportation
open data.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Research Method
analyze the past examples of applications of public transportation
open data in Japan,
categorize the service design dimensions and develop a model to deal
with open-ended-ness of open data, and
present examples derived from the proposed model.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Challenges of open data
Category sub-category description
Provider-
side
Biased view Transportation companies are conservative and
may have stereotype views on utility of its own
data.
Format It is difficult to define formats for universal data
usage.
Scalability Use cases are wide open, therefore, it is difficult to
predict traffic and load-balance.
Granularity Open use cases make it difficult to define granu-
larity in data size and release interval.
Business model
conflict
Data may be blocked due to competition and al-
liance constraints.
Consumer-
side
Diversity Different open data sources may use different for-
mats, which lead to overhead for conversion.
Semantic gap Different open data have semantic gaps to be filled.
Granularity of
point of interest
Different open data have different granularity of
point of interest to be adjusted.
Update interval It is difficult to fill a gap between use case time
interval and open data update interval.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Examples of Tokyo metro open data applications(1/2)
application description
“Delay forecast
Tokyo Metro
version”
In addition to simply displaying the real-time location information, it
also predicts cumulative delay from the acquired data to the destina-
tion
“Koko(here)-
Metro”
An application that uses train presence information. It is interesting
that the concept of redesigning the timeline / route map of the new
era, which is rather an interactive touch screen away from the pa-
per, is redesigned from scratch. An application that makes you feel
the possibility of open data, such as the convenience will be further
improved if data is provided from other railway operators.
“Metronavi” An application that lets you know the location of the train and can
check the exit and the station facilities information
“Four-Season-
Trains”
An Application to promote sightseeing along the railway line.
“Tokyo Metro Ele-
vator Information”
Designed with the opposite idea. Evaluated as an app to approach
the station from the city.
“Uchi-Kaeru (Re-
turn Home)”
An app that allow metro data to be used for family contacts and
watching children.
“Metro multilin-
gual MOD”
An application that provides information in a multilingual and easy-
to-understand manner

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Examples of Tokyo metro open data applications(2/2)
application description
“TOKYOTOKYO” A visually entertaining application
“Tokyo artery
Flow-in”
Flow-in performs 3D visualization of the railway information in real-
time movement. Visually entertaining.
“Mom’s Going-out
Support’’
Mother’s support with multilingual assistance.
“Hey, Tokyo
Metro, look at
this”
Showing questionnaire results.
“Metro-Now” An application to show the real-time train information.
“How to shed a toi-
let”
Explanation of how to shed the toilet for each station with animation
and photographs
‘‘Barrlee Aree’’ An application that indicates a non-barrier free route and train your
body
“ Metro-Report” Statistics are shown for each station, and judgment reference infor-
mation for living is presented

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Dimensional Model of Award Winning Applications
-
6
+
Change of
viewpoint
User experience
Functional expansion

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Category Map
Category Sub-category Example
User experience New visual UI “TOKYOTOKYO”, “Tokyo
artery Flow-in”
Multi-lingual support “Metro multilingual MOD”
“Mom’s Going-out Support’’
Change of
Viewpoint
Reverse viewpoint “Barriee Aree”, “Tokyo metro
elevator information”
Niche-focus “Metro-report”, “How to shed
a toilet”
Information provision In
the reverse direction
“Hey, Tokyo Metro, look at
this”
Function exten-
sion
Action activation “Uchi-Kaeru (Return Home)”

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Framework model
Multilingual UI
Abstract UI
Action management
Communication
management
UI
management
layer
Feature
management
layer
Data
management
layer
Local
function
Data integration
Data conversion
Data access

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Examples of service instances
Dimension Service example
User experience Video-stream train information: Train information
is rendered as continuous video flow. A user can
get a video in a carousel version of real-time train
information.
Change of view-
point
Wi-Fi scan data station map: it changes the view-
point from transportation to continuous coverage
of free Wi-Fi in the public transportation. Each
user provides a current position of Wi-Fi scan data
and get a token of future usage of Wi-Fi scan map.
Functional expan-
sion
On-demand lottery: a user can initiate a free lot-
tery with advertisement. The probability of win-
ning is higher as the number of participants is the
closest, so give incentives to the user as much as
possible to draw at the station where a small num-
ber of other persons draws the lot.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Example of design process
Checklist
from
dimensions
-
Intra-dimension
brainstorming and
trials
-
Inter-dimension
brainstorming and
trials

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Comparison with other approaches.
Approach Pros Cons
Ad hoc design Its unbounded-ness can
encourage creativity and
uniqueness.
Lack of methodologies can
lead to low productivity.
Agile development Its learned-by-experience
approach can leverage the
ground-level experience
with small investment.
Lack of methodologies can
lead to low productivity.
Water-fall software
design
Rigid phase-control pro-
vides quality control of total
development process.
Fixed requirement engi-
neering does not fit to
the cross-border service
engineering such as open
data utilization.
The proposed ap-
proach
A dimensional guiding
framework provides useful
focus to improve service
design quality.
The current model is small
and weak to accommodate
a complicated smart city
application.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Advantages of the Proposed Approach
The proposed model provides a guiding principle of service design of
open data applications. The dimensions are general and can
incorporate a series of different sub-dimensions to enhance the model.
The three dimensions are not transportation-specific, therefore, they
have general applicability to a range of open data applications in other
domains.
It is suitable for use of initial service cultivation phase such as
ideathons and hackathons for a guiding principle.
The word “open” provides a positive feeling and is loved in ideathons
and hackathons. The proposed model provides an asserting evidence
that the small framework can leverage the service design process to
deal with difficulties of open-ended-ness.
To kickstart such an evolution process, the proposed model provides a
useful starting point for building open data service design
methodologies. Accumulation of dimension-based success examples
will further leverage of systematic service engineering with
learning-by-examples.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Limitations
This research is qualitative and exploratory. The proposed model is
derived from a small number of examples of open data applications.
The proposed service design methodology is at its early stage.
Quantitative measures to evaluate influence of the model are not
studied in this paper. Detailed impact analysis of the model is not
performed in this paper.
Comparison of the proposed method based on the real-world cases is
not performed in this paper.
Long-term service-level evaluation of the proposed method is missing
in this paper. Collecting hard-evidence of feedback remain for for
future study.
Social, Cross-cultural, cross-regional, and infra-structure-dependent
factors are not examined in this paper

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Conclusion
The increase of public transportation open data does not match the
efforts to provide a usable methodology to build a service using open
data. The author analyzes and presents a dimensional model of
service design of public transportation open data.
People love the word “open”, however, open-ended-ness provides a
unique challenge for service design.
The author analyzes past examples of public transportation open data
applications. Then, the author presents a dimensional model of service
design. It can be applicable to a wide range of open data service
design.
The author provides example of services guided by the proposed
dimensional model. It shows the usefulness of the proposed model in a
small size. The model is a stepping stone to lead to the further
development of service development methodologies to deal with the
open-ended-ness of open data services.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Thank You for Your Attention!
Questions?

A Dimensional Model of Service Design Toward Utilizing Public Transportation Open Data

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to A Dimensional Model of Service Design Toward Utilizing Public Transportation Open Data

More from Toshihiko Yamakami

Recently uploaded

A Dimensional Model of Service Design Toward Utilizing Public Transportation Open Data