When you're using Instant Checkmate to run background checks on individuals, you may come across some specific terms in your reports that you might not be familiar with. To help you better understand exactly what you're seeing in your reports, we've compiled a list of the most frequently used and related terms in the personal criminal background check industry.
www.instantcheckmate.com/glossary
This 3-page document contains definitions and examples of offences and defenses in English Common Law and applies to Commonwealth countries like the UK, NZ and Australia. Useful for beginner Law and Forensic Psychology students.
This 3-page document contains definitions and examples of offences and defenses in English Common Law and applies to Commonwealth countries like the UK, NZ and Australia. Useful for beginner Law and Forensic Psychology students.
Crime has many forms, and it has a varied nature. The nature of crime depends on the intensity of the crime. Crime is basically an unlawful activity. The person involved in illegal activities is punishable under the laws enacted by the Congress duly approved by the president says Miya Griggs. There are four conditions laid down by the government for an act to be considered a crime. Those activities which are wrong for the society that is harmful to the public in general or other dangerous actions. One can plead the case in the court of law.
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docxbissacr
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and Cybercrime
New York Police Department, Times Square, New York City
Criminal cases make up a large portion of cases tried in U.S. courts. Criminal cases are bought against persons for violating federal, state, and local laws. Suspected criminals are given many rights by the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. Parties in the United States are free from unreasonable searches and seizures of evidence, and any evidence obtained illegally is considered tainted evidence and cannot be used in court. People who are suspected of a criminal act may assert their right of privilege against self-incrimination and may choose not to testify at any pretrial proceedings or at trial. Parties have a right to a public trial by a jury of their peers. In addition, if convicted of a crime, the criminal is free from cruel and unusual punishment.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. List and describe the essential elements of a crime.
2. Describe criminal procedure, including arrest, indictment, arraignment, and the criminal trial.
3. Identify and define business and white-collar crimes.
4. List and describe cybercrimes.
5. Explain the constitutional safeguards provided by the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Chapter Outline
1. Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
2. Definition of a Crime
1. CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT • Criminal Acts as the Basis for Tort Actions
3. Criminal Procedure
4. Common Crimes
1. ETHICS • Murder Conviction Upheld on Appeal
5. Business and White-Collar Crimes
1. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Corporate Criminal Liability
6. Cybercrimes
1. DIGITAL LAW • The Internet and Identity Theft
2. Case 7.1 • United States v. Barrington
7. Fourth Amendment Protection From Unreasonable Search and Seizure
1. Case 7.2 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Navarette v. California
2. Case 7.3 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Maryland v. King
3. Case 7.4 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Riley v. California and United States v. Wurie
8. Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
1. Case 7.5 • Ragland v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
9. Other Constitutional Protections
1. GLOBAL LAW • France Does Not Impose the Death Penalty
“It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.”
—Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765)
Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
For members of society to coexist peacefully and for commerce to flourish, people and their property must be protected from injury by other members of society. Federal, state, and local governments’ criminal laws are intended to afford this protection by providing an incentive for persons to act reasonably in society and imposing penalties on persons who violate the laws.
There can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a man gets depends on the amount of money he has.
Justice Black
Griffin v. Illinois 351 U.S. 12, 76 S.Ct. 585, 1956 U.S. Lexis 1059 (1956)
The Uni.
What are the essential guides for understanding criminal law_.docxlawyersonia
Comprehending criminal law is essential for individuals engaged in the legal system, including law students, legal practitioners, and citizens seeking knowledge about their rights and obligations. Criminal law defines actions deemed detrimental to society and specifies the repercussions for transgressors. Understanding its principles is vital for navigating the complexities of legal proceedings and ensuring adherence to societal norms and standards.
Crime has many forms, and it has a varied nature. The nature of crime depends on the intensity of the crime. Crime is basically an unlawful activity. The person involved in illegal activities is punishable under the laws enacted by the Congress duly approved by the president says Miya Griggs. There are four conditions laid down by the government for an act to be considered a crime. Those activities which are wrong for the society that is harmful to the public in general or other dangerous actions. One can plead the case in the court of law.
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docxbissacr
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and Cybercrime
New York Police Department, Times Square, New York City
Criminal cases make up a large portion of cases tried in U.S. courts. Criminal cases are bought against persons for violating federal, state, and local laws. Suspected criminals are given many rights by the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. Parties in the United States are free from unreasonable searches and seizures of evidence, and any evidence obtained illegally is considered tainted evidence and cannot be used in court. People who are suspected of a criminal act may assert their right of privilege against self-incrimination and may choose not to testify at any pretrial proceedings or at trial. Parties have a right to a public trial by a jury of their peers. In addition, if convicted of a crime, the criminal is free from cruel and unusual punishment.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. List and describe the essential elements of a crime.
2. Describe criminal procedure, including arrest, indictment, arraignment, and the criminal trial.
3. Identify and define business and white-collar crimes.
4. List and describe cybercrimes.
5. Explain the constitutional safeguards provided by the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Chapter Outline
1. Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
2. Definition of a Crime
1. CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT • Criminal Acts as the Basis for Tort Actions
3. Criminal Procedure
4. Common Crimes
1. ETHICS • Murder Conviction Upheld on Appeal
5. Business and White-Collar Crimes
1. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Corporate Criminal Liability
6. Cybercrimes
1. DIGITAL LAW • The Internet and Identity Theft
2. Case 7.1 • United States v. Barrington
7. Fourth Amendment Protection From Unreasonable Search and Seizure
1. Case 7.2 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Navarette v. California
2. Case 7.3 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Maryland v. King
3. Case 7.4 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Riley v. California and United States v. Wurie
8. Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
1. Case 7.5 • Ragland v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
9. Other Constitutional Protections
1. GLOBAL LAW • France Does Not Impose the Death Penalty
“It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.”
—Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765)
Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
For members of society to coexist peacefully and for commerce to flourish, people and their property must be protected from injury by other members of society. Federal, state, and local governments’ criminal laws are intended to afford this protection by providing an incentive for persons to act reasonably in society and imposing penalties on persons who violate the laws.
There can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a man gets depends on the amount of money he has.
Justice Black
Griffin v. Illinois 351 U.S. 12, 76 S.Ct. 585, 1956 U.S. Lexis 1059 (1956)
The Uni.
What are the essential guides for understanding criminal law_.docxlawyersonia
Comprehending criminal law is essential for individuals engaged in the legal system, including law students, legal practitioners, and citizens seeking knowledge about their rights and obligations. Criminal law defines actions deemed detrimental to society and specifies the repercussions for transgressors. Understanding its principles is vital for navigating the complexities of legal proceedings and ensuring adherence to societal norms and standards.
If you have been accused of identity theft or identity fraud in Utah, you should strongly consider speaking with criminal attorneys Ogden about criminal law Ogden. Further, Ogden Criminal defense is an experienced Criminal Defense Attorneys in Provo Utah can assist you in understanding all of your alternatives. The best criminal defense attorneys in Ogden or best criminal defense attorney in Lehi can help with your case. The best criminal defense attorney in Lehi or Ogden criminal defense attorney Stevens can help if you are faced with a Protective order violation. Ogden Criminal Defense is here to help. Ogden Criminal Lawyer, Vince Stevens can help. HD Gailey lawyers in American Fork are the best criminal defense attorneys Ogden.
The HeartObjectives· Identify the anatomical structures of the.docxrtodd33
The Heart
Objectives
· Identify the anatomical structures of the cardiovascular system
· Explain how blood flows through the heart, lungs, and body
· Describe the electrical conduction system of the heart
· Explain the cardiac cycle, including how the cardiovascular system contributes to the homeostasis of the body
Assignment Overview
This practice exercise allows students to review the structure and function of the heart.
Deliverables
An annotated resource list of learning tools from the Internet
Step 1 Access and review the online activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tUWOF6wEnk#action=share
Step 2 Access and review the online activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE#action=share
Step 3 Access and review the online activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZT9vlbL2uA&feature=youtu.be
Step 4 Using the Internet, search for additional learning aids from reputable sources.
Using the Internet, search for additional learning aids from reputable sources. These can be animations, videos, diagrams, or any other type of resource that you find useful in your studies. Find at least one resource for each of the following topics:
· Heart anatomy
· The electrical conduction system of the heart
· Blood flow through the heart
· Blood flow through the body
· The cardiac cycle
Step 5 Write a brief summary of each topic.
For each topic listed in Step 4, write a brief summary paragraph that explains the major highlights of the topic and briefly explains why you think the resource you have found will help in learning the material. Cite the resource appropriately.
Step 6 Submit your answers.
When you have completed the assignment, save a copy for yourself in an easily accessible place and submit a copy to your instructor using the
ACC 150
THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS
With Doreen Smith, Esquire
Chapter 8
GENERAL PRINCIPLESWhat is a Tort?
Civil wrong that interferes with one’s property or person. A common tort is a negligence action which often impact a business (such as a slip and fall action or car accident).Torts distinguished from crimes/contracts
Crime arises from violation of public duty, whereas tort arises from violation of private duty. Same act can be both a crime and a tort.
A breach of contract action is not a tort.
CIVIL VS. CRIMINAL CASECriminalBurden of Proof—beyond a reasonable doubtCase brought by governmentGuilty person would pay a fine, serve time in prison or receive the death penalty CivilBurden of Proof—By the preponderance of the evidenceCase brought by a private partyA Defendant may pay damages for what they did wrong.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Types of Torts:Intentional (see below for specific torts)Civil wrong that results from intentional conduct. This a a category of torts that includes assault, battery and defamation.Negligence Civil wrong that results from careless conductStrict LiabilityCivil wrong for which there is absolute liability because the activity is inherently dangerous
INTENTIONAL T.
150 words agree or disagreeDiscuss utilitarianism and deontolo.docxdrennanmicah
150 words agree or disagree
Discuss utilitarianism and deontological ethics.
Utilitarianism is one of the most powerful and persuasive approaches to normative ethics in the history of philosophy. Though not fully articulated until the 19th century, proto-utilitarian positions can be discerned throughout the history of ethical theory. Though there are many varieties of the view discussed, utilitarianism is generally held to be the view that the morally right action is the action that produces the most good. There are many ways to spell out this general claim. One thing to note is that the theory is a form of consequentialism: the right action is understood entirely in terms of consequences produced. What distinguishes utilitarianism from egoism has to do with the scope of the relevant consequences. On the utilitarian view one ought to maximize the overall good — that is, consider the good of others as well as one's own good (The History of Utilitarianism, n.d.).
Deontological (duty-based) ethics are concerned with what people do, not with the consequences of their actions. Do the right thing. Do it because it's the right thing to do. Don't do wrong things. Avoid them because they are wrong. Under this form of ethics you can't justify an action by showing that it produced good consequences, which is why it's sometimes called 'non-Consequentialist'. The word 'deontological' comes from the Greek word deon, which means 'duty'. Duty-based ethics are usually what people are talking about when they refer to 'the principle of the thing'. Duty-based ethics teaches that some acts are right or wrong because of the sorts of things they are, and people have a duty to act accordingly, regardless of the good or bad consequences that may be produced (Duty-based ethics, n.d.).
2. Discuss the different categories of unethical police behavior and provide an example of each. How do these unethical actions impact the policing profession?
There are many levels of behavior and acts committed by law enforcement both on duty and off that can be considered misconduct. These acts can be categorized as ranging from the minor errors in judgement, to the blatant intentional victimization of honest law abiding citizens as well as the Police Misconduct & Corruption 2 Lieutenant Robert H. Garrett criminal element. No matter whom the victim may be all forms of misconduct and corruption damage the integrity of the profession. The minor incidents, if left unchecked ultimately lead to more serious acts of misconduct that can result in a culture of corruption within an agency and a lack of trust by the community. Misconduct is defined as the intentional wrongdoing or improper behavior. Some of the acts that are often committed by law enforcement can be those such as; accepting gratuities in exchange for special treatment, accepting bribes, stealing from both citizens and criminals alike, and at its worst, physical harm inflicted on innocent people. Whatever the specific beha.
Learn the difference between felonies and misdemeanors and how bail bonds in Wake County can help you. Contact Amistad Bail and Immigration Bonds today!
I need answers to both discussions questions as well as replies to f.docxanthonybrooks84958
I need answers to both discussions questions as well as replies to fellow students. i also need atleast one reference
DISCUSSION 1
"Explosive Growth of Digital Crime and Fighting Digital Crime" Please respond to the following:
·
Identify at least two (2) factors that have led to the explosive growth of digital crime over the past a few decades. Next, describe the most common forms of digital crime, and give your opinion as to why those forms you described are so common. Provide a rationale for your response.
From the e-Activity, list three (3) types of digital crime, and name the main federal agencies which have primary responsibility to enforce digital crime laws. Next, recommend one (1) way for the federal agencies in question to improve the overall public response to computer crimes. Include the role of an individual citizen in the fight against digital crime in your discussion.
1. Cyber Stalking- Enforced by the FBI
2. Viruses- Enforced by The Secret Service
3. Piracy- Enforced by the ICE, FBI, and HIS
Please respond to the following student
Top of Form
·
Alecia Giles
·
RE: Week 1 Discussion
Over the past few decades, the need for computer technology has greatly increased. Users now turn to many forms of "computers" for daily tasks. Therefore, digital crime has also increased. Two factors that I believe have led to the explosive growth of digital crime
1. Identity Theft- Since computers are used for almost everything we do in life, many of us enter too much personal information into these devices. This personal information is now out there for hackers to retrieve and use in the theft of our identity.
2. Credit Card Fraud- An increase of online purchases and bill payment has allowed for credit card information to become more vulnerable to theft and/or fraud.
I believe these are the most common forms of digital crimes because they are the most commonly used by individuals.
Three types of digital crime include:
1. Cyber Stalking- Enforced by the FBI
2. Viruses- Enforced by The Secret Service
3. Piracy- Enforced by the ICE, FBI, and HIS
The federal virus genies in question can improve the overall public response to such computer crimes by identifying target areas for the reported crimes. Individual citizens can also assist in the fight against digital crime as well. To do so, when a crime is committed, the citizen should immediately report all aspects of the known crime to the proper authorities. Additionally, individual citizens can do things to prevent said crimes from occurring, such as; block and report cyber stalkers, install and use trusted anti-virus software and stay away from piracy websites.
Discussion 2
"Tort Law and Police Powers"
Please respond to the following:
·
From the e-Activity, specify the key differences between criminal law and tort law. Next, explain the common approaches that the judicial system takes in order to ensure that the public upholds these two (2) types of laws. Provide one (1) specific exa.
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Introduction
Johnny Depp is an actor known for his chameleon-like ability to transform into a wide range of characters. from the eccentric Captain Jack Sparrow in "Pirates of the Caribbean" to the introspective Edward Scissorhands. His long hair is one constant throughout his evolving roles and public appearances. Johnny Depp long hair is not a style choice but a significant aspect of his identity. contributing to his allure and mystique. This article explores the journey and significance of Johnny Depp long hair. highlighting how it has become integral to his brand.
The Early Years: A Budding Star with Signature Locks
1980s: The Rise of a Young Heartthrob
Johnny Depp's journey in Hollywood began in the 1980s. with his breakout role in the television series "21 Jump Street." During this time, his hair was short, but it was already clear that Depp had a penchant for unique and edgy styles. By the decade's end, Depp started experimenting with longer hair. setting the stage for a lifelong signature.
1990s: From Heartthrob to Icon
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The Iconic Roles: Hair as a Character Element
Edward Scissorhands (1990)
In "Edward Scissorhands," Johnny Depp's character had a wild and mane that complemented his ethereal and misunderstood persona. This role showcased how long hair Johnny Depp could enhance a character's depth and mystery.
Captain Jack Sparrow: The Pirate with Flowing Locks
One of Johnny Depp's iconic roles is Captain Jack Sparrow from the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series. Sparrow's long, dreadlocked hair symbolised his rebellious and unpredictable nature. The character's look, complete with beads and trinkets woven into his hair. was a collaboration between Depp and the film's costume designers. This style became iconic and influenced fashion trends and Halloween costumes worldwide.
Other Memorable Characters
Depp's long hair has also been featured in other roles, such as Ichabod Crane in "Sleepy Hollow" (1999). and Roux in "Chocolat" (2000). In these films, his hair added a layer of authenticity and depth to his characters. proving that Johnny Depp with long hair is more than a style—it's a storytelling tool.
Off-Screen Influenc
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3. Arrest Records
An arrest record is a piece of recorded documentation that reveals an individual's suspected criminal activity. An arrest record may
reveal information indicating that a person has been questioned, apprehended, taken into custody or detention, held for investigation,
arrested, charged with, indicted, or tried for any offense.
Arrest records will show if the suspected act was
• Traffic related
• Violent
• Theft or robbery
• Drug and/or alcohol related
• Business related
4. Arrest Records
What Information Can Be Found On An Arrest Record?
• Biographical Information
• Suspect’s current age, and age at the time of the arrest
• Criminal Classification
• Whether or not the suspected crime was a misdemeanor or a felony
• Monetary Restitution
• Fines associated with the arrest
• Pending Litigation
• Additional criminal convictions, pending hearings, and supplementary arrests
5. Arrest Records
In The United States, Individuals Granted Power Of Arrest Include:
• Federal Police
• This includes all officers who work for the Department of Justice. The FBI, DEA, and ATF are just a few branches under the
umbrella of the DOJ. However, due to restrictions in the U.S. Constitution, federal officers may not exercise general policing
powers. Their jurisdiction is restricted to foreign and interstate affairs.
• State Police
• Most state governments have their own enforcement divisions with a separate investigation unit operating out of the
Attorney General's office.
• County Police
• The role and extent of power a county police department has varies a great deal from county to county.
Arrest records are usually accessible through the state or federal court system (depending on whether the individual is accused of a
federal or state crime), More specifically, an arrest record indicates when the individual was arrested, and the crime he or she was
accused of. Although an arrest is not an indication of guilt, arrest records can still be used to learn about the type of accused offen.
6. Felonies
In the US legal system, a felony is a categorization of a crime. In criminal terms, felonies are
considered the most serious type of offense. In the US, felonies are considered crimes that generally
carry a sentence of an imprisonment term longer than one year.
What Are Some Examples Of Felonies?
Felonies can broadly be classified into two distinct categories: violent felonies, or nonviolent felonies.
Violent felonies consist of offenses involving physical or psychological trauma to an individual, whereas
nonviolent felonies can be limited to property, fraud, or drug related crimes.
8. Felonies
There are also multiple degrees of felonies, which vary from state to state. Such classification may be
dependent upon seriousness of the crime and potential punishment upon conviction. Punishment can
range in severity from a mere fine or rehab, to life imprisonment or death depending on the sentencing
laws of the state.
Felonies can either be violent, or nonviolent. Prison sentences for felonies under state law will be
served in either state or federal prison depending on whether or not the individual violated a state or
federal law. Shorter terms can be served in county jail. However, a felony sentence can sometimes be
shorter than one year depending on the discretion of the presiding judge and statutes of limitation.
9. Lawsuits
A lawsuit is a claim or dispute brought to a court of law to receive a formal judgment on the disputed
matter.
Lawsuits are civil court actions where a plaintiff (the person who filed the complaint) claims to have
incurred losses or experienced pain and suffering as a result of the actions of a defendant (the person
who the complaint was filed against) and demands a fair remedy.
10. Lawsuits
Typical Types of Lawsuits
Tort (usually negligence actions)
• A “tort” is a civil wrong
Example: You were crossing the street and were hit by a driver. You incurred pain and suffering and
missed work. The insurance company only offers to cover your hospital bills. You can file a tort action
against the driver to get compensation for your out-of-pocket costs, as well as pain and suffering
11. Lawsuits
Contract Actions
• A civil action claiming breach of contract
Example: You paid a contractor to remodel your kitchen. The contractor only did half the job, and you
had to hire someone else to finish it. You can sue the contractor to recover what it cost you to have
someone else finish the job.
Family Law Actions
• Lawsuits handled through family court
Example: Your ex husband won’t pay child support. You can sue him in family court to obtain an income
deduction order, so the court will direct his employer to automatically deduct the amount of child
support he owes from his income
12. Lawsuits
A lawsuit can be a dispute between two citizens, business entities, or the state and an individual.
Lawyers usually handle the court proceedings, but defendants and plaintiffs can chose to represent
themselves and fight their own cases if they wish. Advocating on one's own behalf before a court is
called pro se legal representation.
State and federal laws govern civil procedures, and the resulting judgments are legally binding. Failure
to adhere to the results of a lawsuit can result in monetary penalties or criminal liability.
13. Misdemeanors
A misdemeanor is defined as a crime of lesser seriousness. Many states in the US consider a
misdemeanor as any crime that carries a punishment of incarceration of one year or less.
There are multiple classes of misdemeanors in the US, as well as unclassified misdemeanors. Each
type carries punishments that vary in severity. While misdemeanors rarely result in a loss of civil rights
or incarceration, they do often result in collateral consequences such as wage garnishments if
someone fails to pay a fine, or loss of licenses or temporary withdrawal of certain privileges.
Misdemeanors are distinguished from felonies, which can be punished by a state or federal prison term
and they carry less severe punishments than felonies do.
14. Speeding Tickets
A speeding ticket is a type of traffic ticket issued by a law enforcement officer to an individual who has
violated the posted speed limit.
A speeding ticket usually serves as a notice for a fine, and usually results in a deduction of points off
someone's driving record. In extreme cases such as criminal speeding, (generally when a motorist is
traveling at 15 miles per hour over the posted speed limit), speeding tickets may be accompanied with
a criminal charge in the form of a class 2 misdemeanor, such as reckless endangerment and carry
increased fines plus a massive point deduction against the driver. Violations may also be classified as
more serious if a motorist is a repeat offender, has shown willful disregard to public safety, or causes
death or serious bodily injury or property damage. These offenses will appear on the individual's arrest
record.
15. Sexual Offenses
A sex offense is a class of sexual conduct, which is prohibited by law and usually includes unwanted
sexual acts forced on another individual. Sexual offenses vary in type and severity, and cover a wide
array of inappropriate behaviors and infractions.
Being convicted of a sexual offense will appear both on an individual's arrest record, as well as his or
her permanent criminal record. Persons convicted of a sexual offense are required to register with their
state's sex offender database in an ongoing effort to expose the identities of convicted sex offenders
living within a community. Lawmakers and community members believe that disclosing the identity and
location of convicted sex offenders is crucial to ensuring public safety.
Registered sex offenders must periodically check in with local law enforcement and make sure that
their state’s registry has their current address, place of employment, and contact information. Failure to
comply may result in a parole violation, and the offender could receive additional jail time.
16. Arson
Arson is almost always classified as a felony because it could cause severe injuries or death. For this
reason, those convicted of the crime will face serious penalties. However, some cases of arson are not
as serious of others.
Those who burn down an abandoned structure out in the middle of the country will likely not face
penalties as severe as those who intentionally burn down an occupied home, killing those inside. In
these instances, those convicted could face the death penalty, depending on the jurisdiction.
People may not always commit arson because they have malicious intentions. Another common reason
to commit arson is to collect insurance money. Many people see this as a quick way to collect on an
insurance policy.
17. Burglary
While burglary is often associated with theft or larceny, this is only a small part of the definition. Some
instances of burglary do not involve stealing property at all.
Instead, burglary occurs when someone unlawfully enters a structure and commits a crime. The person
does not have to forcefully enter the property. He could enter through an unlocked door. Additionally, he
does not have to enter the property with intentions of stealing anything.
When someone has intentions of committing any type of crime while there, he is committing burglary.
18. Burglary
There are various degrees of burglary and each one has a different penalty. When a person enters
someone's private residence with the intent to commit a crime, then he has committed first-degree
burglary.
When someone enters any other type of structure with the intent to commit a crime, then this is
considered second-degree burglary. These other structures could include a business or a storage
facility.
In many instances, burglars wait until the owners of the property are no longer on the premises before
entering to commit the crime. However, this is not always the case.
When burglars enter a property where other people are, they may use violence to escape or as part of
their crime. In these instances, they may be charged with burglary with battery.
19. Embezzlement
When it comes to stealing money or property, there are many different crimes that can be committed by
the thief. There is more than one way to steal money and the circumstances are different in each case.
Embezzlement is one such crime that involves someone stealing money or property, often from an
employer. The person doing the stealing has often been entrusted by the owner of the property to take
care of it.
That is why this crime is most common in an employment setting. The thief is an employee who has
access to business accounts.
20. Embezzlement
The embezzlement laws are written in such a way that there are three components necessary for
proving embezzlement occurred rather than larceny or another similar crime.
The first component is that the person was trusted with the property by its rightful owner.
The second component is that the person took, concealed, or converted the property for his own use
without the rightful owner's permission.
The last component is that he had every intention of keeping or using the property for himself. If any of
these components are missing, then a case for embezzlement cannot be made.
21. Fraud
Fraud covers a wide range of behaviors that typically involve deception. A person who commits fraud
often gains the trust of a target and then uses that trust to take the target’s money or receive some
other personal gain.
Fraud often goes undetected and victims may not even know that they have fallen victim to the crime.
Because trust is something not easily given by many people, learning that they are a victim of fraud can
be devastating.
22. Fraud
It is possible for people to protect themselves from fraud. People who commit this crime often use
several of the same tactics because they are effective. As such, once people have learned the red
flags, fraud prevention is easy. One of the most important things to look out for is someone looking for
personal information.
Many financial institutions use information such as Social Security numbers and previous addresses for
security purposes. If someone misrepresents themselves and obtains this information, they can use it
to gain access to the victim’s financial accounts.
Other things to look out for are unsolicited mail and phone calls asking for donations. It is important that
people do their research and are fully confident with who they give money or personal information to.
Everyone should also keep an eye on their credit reports to ensure that they can immediately detect
any fraudulent activity.
23. Background Check
Background checks are the processes of researching and compiling records from public sources to
uncover information about an individual's history. Public records used as sources of information for
background checks may include any of the following:
Background checks are usually done to evaluate an individual's capacity or capability to do certain
tasks. They tend to be more important for assignments that require a high level of security or trust. The
person running a background check may be doing so for either commercial or personal purposes.
Not all public records will be accessible to everyone. There are certain records that only specific
individuals or agencies are able to access. Some public records may require a person to file a formal
request that must be approved in order to access them, while others may only be accessible for a fee.
The integrity of public records depends on the organization that collected the data.
24. Background Check
Instant Checkmate performs criminal background checks intended for personal use only. The data
delivered in our reports is collected from public records in state and county databases, court
documents, and various online sources. Instant Checkmate does not provide credit information, or
employment history of an individual. No compromising information (such as social security numbers,
credit information, etc.) is ever reported or revealed in an Instant Checkmate background check.
Due to the sensitivity of the information contained within public records, there are several important
laws that regulate how this information can be used. Most importantly, the Fair Credit Reporting Act
(FCRA), which regulates the use of consumer reports (which it defines as information collected and
reported by third party agencies) as they pertain to adverse decisions, notification to the applicant, and
destruction and safekeeping of records.
25. Public Records
Public records are documents or pieces of information that have been filed or recorded by local, state,
federal or other government agencies, which are not considered confidential.
Access to US national public records is made possible by the Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA),
which allows members of the public to submit a request for access to records from various federal
agencies. These requests may be denied if the documents are subject to exemption, or the information
in them has been redacted. Since the federal FOIA law was passed, all states have passed their own
versions of Freedom of Information legislation.
Although these FOI laws have made it easier for members of the public to access public records, there
are some restrictions. Each government has their own polices and regulations that govern the
availability of information contained in public records. This means that there are many different degrees
of accessibility to public records between states. Some states make it fairly easy to request and retrieve
public documents while others are more restrictive.
26. Public Records
The Freedom of Information Act was signed into law in 1966. The FOIA gives individuals the right to
access certain federal agency records. The FOIA requires federal agencies to disclose requested
records unless they are protected from public disclosure by the FOIA. Congress included in the FOIA
nine exemptions and three law enforcement exclusions to protect important interests such as national
security, personal privacy, privileged communications, and law enforcement. Under these exemptions,
documents relating to classified information, internal personnel, privileged inter-agency memorandums,
personal privacy, financial institutions that the SEC regulates, and documents containing exempt
information about gas or oil wells will not be disclosed. In the United States, the Freedom of Information
Act (FOIA) guarantees and protects citizens.
27. Criminal Record
A criminal record is a public report of an individual's comprehensive criminal history. Typically, it details
all non-expunged criminal violations and arrests, including moving traffic violations that have been
processed through the criminal court system. A person’s criminal record may include all arrests,
convictions, charges dismissed, and even charges where the individual has been acquitted.
In the US, criminal records are a matter of public record. Criminal records are government documents,
which have been written, recorded, or filed by a member of law enforcement or court clerk.
28. Criminal Records
Many states have formal "statewide repositories" which contain criminal background data provided by
various regional and municipal courts inside the state. The federal government maintains
comprehensive data on criminal backgrounds and serves as a central repository for every agency to
report their own information.
Law enforcement organizations often share arrest records with other similar enforcement specialists
and the details are usually made available to the general public.
Records of crimes committed by registered sex offenders are readily accessible to the general public
because federal laws require states to update and maintain electronic sex offender registries. A national
sex offender registry is accessible to the general public as well, for nationwide data on sex offenders.
29. Sex Offender Registration
A sex offender database is a list of personal information about convicted sex offenders, usually made
available to the public. Sex offender databases (also known as sex offender registries) can be private
databases, but are more often associated with local and federal sex offender registries. Sex offender
databases maintained by individual states are usually connected to The National Sex Offender
Registry, which is officially known as the Dru Sjodin National Sex Offender Public Database.
Sex offender registration is a system that exists in each state, which was designed to track the
whereabouts of convicted sex offenders. Sex offender registries maintain a residential record of
convicted sex offenders, including individuals who have already completed their criminal sentences.
30. Sex Offender Registration
Details of an individual's crime are contained within the registry and are accessible to the general
public. In most states, registered sex offenders must adhere to certain restrictions that limit where they
are allowed to live and work. Sex offenders who are on parole or probation are often subject to
additional limitations which do not pertain to other parolees or individuals on probation.
Typically, an individual who is on parole or probation for committing a felony, has certain constitutional
liberties withheld from them such as the right to own a firearm, and the right to vote. In addition to the
loss of these basic freedoms, a convicted sex offender on parole or probation is restricted from the
following activities: being in the presence of persons under the age of 18, and residing within a certain
proximity to a school or daycare.
31. Larceny
When it comes to the legal definitions of theft, larceny, burglary, and robbery, it can get confusing trying
to differentiate between the three. They are all similar, but there are some very distinct differences
between the three offenses.
All involve stealing property from its owner, but they differ in how the crime is committed. Understanding
the definition of larceny and what it entails can help people determine how it differs from the other
crimes.
Whenever someone takes an item or property of value from another person and plans to keep it for
themselves, they've just committed larceny. It is also commonly referred to as theft, and the perpetrator
is referred to as a thief.
32. Larceny
There are varying degrees of larceny, but unlike other crimes, where the degrees differentiate more
serious offenses, the degrees of larceny refer to the value of the item or items stolen. Typically, larceny
is a misdemeanor crime.
For example, shoplifting from a convenience store would most likely be a misdemeanor crime. The
items do not have a high monetary value, but they were still stolen from the rightful owner making it a
crime nonetheless.
This minor offense is also known as petty larceny.
There are instances in which larceny would be classified as a felony. Grand larceny, also sometimes
referred to as grand theft, is classified as a felony.
33. Murder
The taking of a human life is always serious, regardless of the circumstances. However, in the eyes of
many, murder is perhaps the most serious offense anyone can commit.
While homicide refers to the killing of a human being by another human being, it is not the same as
murder. Homicide can occur accidentally or legally, such as when a law enforcement officer justifiably
kills a suspect. The biggest difference between murder and these other examples is the person's intent.
By definition, murder is the killing of one person by another with the intention of killing them and without
legal excuse or authority. Self-defense is an example of a legal excuse that would justify the killing of
another person.
A law enforcement officer shooting a suspect is an example of a person who has the authority to kill
another person.
34. Murder
First-degree murder is the most serious type of murder. While the exact definition of what constitutes
first-degree murder varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, it usually refers to a killing that is both
intentional and planned. It does not require intense planning, but the offender has had time to think
about the act.
The offender has ill will toward the victim and intends to cause him harm, which is what differentiates
this type of homicide from the others.
Another instance of first-degree murder is when someone dies during the commission of a felony. Even
if the person committing that felony did not intend to kill someone, he would still be charged with first-
degree murder, also known as felony murder.
35. Prostitution
Often called "the oldest profession" and a crime seen by many as victimless, prostitution is illegal in
almost every state in the United States. The basic definition of prostitution is performing sexual acts in
exchange for money. This is seen in many different forms and there are several different types of
perpetrators.
While many people consider prostitution to be a victimless crime when two adults are involved, it is a
crime nonetheless. Prostitution laws protect public health and safety.
Additionally, they protect minors from being exploited for sexual purposes. Banning prostitution also
aids in the prevention of other associated crimes.
36. Prostitution
Prostitution is often a misdemeanor, both for the person engaging in prostitution and the "customer."
There are other crimes associated with prostitution that are much more severe, and thus have harsher
punishments.
Such crimes include pimping, human trafficking, operating an unlicensed brothel, and exploiting minors.
Conviction of these crimes could carry stiffer penalties than those for engaging in prostitution.
At the misdemeanor level, those convicted of prostitution are typically required to pay a fine. They could
also spend as much as 12 months in jail. Others may receive probation in lieu of a jail sentence.
It greatly depends on the jurisdiction and the number of offenses. At the felony level, those convicted
will see much longer prison sentences.
37. Robbery
Any time a person takes something that is not his and has no intentions of returning the item, it is
considered theft orlarceny. However, there are several different types of theft. One such type is robbery,
which is the most violent form of theft. In this crime, the offender steals from a person and uses force to
take it.
Even if the victim does not sustain any injuries in the process, it is considered a violent crime.
When a person commits robbery, he does not have to use a weapon. Even the threat of violence is
enough to constitute a robbery.
When the offender does use a weapon, this is known as armed robbery. The use of a weapon makes it
a much more serious crime. As such, someone convicted of armed robbery will spend time behind bars
in prison.
38. Robbery
The penalty for bank robbery is often much more severe. This is because there are often other criminal
charges to include. Forcing people to stay in the bank against their will constitutes kidnapping.
If anyone is injured or killed in the process then the charges escalate quickly. So much so, that the
penalty of a bank robbery could be a life sentence or even the death penalty. Instant Checkmate makes
it easy to check on neighbors, friends, and even family to see if this crime, or another crime, is on their
records.
39. Suspicion
When it comes to investigating a crime, there is a specific process and procedure that must be
followed. Suspicion is important in regards to justifying a stop or detention of a suspect. In particular,
reasonable suspicion is necessary. It is often confused with probable cause, but the two are distinctly
different.
Understanding the differences can help people better understand the legal process and their rights.
Additionally, learning what constitutes suspicion and how it affects a suspect can help those accused of
crimes to put together a stronger legal defense.
40. Suspicion
Suspicion is not enough because in most instances, it is based on perceptions and biases. That is why
probable cause is necessary. It is in place to protect people against these biases. It also works the
other way too.
A person could skate by because he is above suspicion, meaning the way others perceive the
individual makes it hard for anyone to believe that he could commit a crime. Because of this, law
enforcement may look in other places when investigating a crime.
Fortunately, suspicion is not proof and it is not enough to convict or even charge someone of a crime.
However, suspicion is enough to cause problems and lead to some sticky legal situations.
Instant Checkmate lets its users do their own investigating into the lives of their neighbors, old
classmates, or even potential dates to see if they have a reason to be wary of them.
41. Vandalism
Vandalism occurs when someone defaces or destroys someone else's property. One of the most
common forms of vandalism is graffiti, where someone paints, draws, or writes on a building or other
structure. It is a crime that many people commonly associate with youth, but vandals come from all
walks of life.
Additionally, vandalism covers a wide range of behaviors.
Some forms of vandalism include the following:
• Carving initials into a picnic table at a park
• Spray painting or tagging the side of a building
• Car vandalism
• Mailbox vandalism
42. Vandalism
Vandalism is a crime that costs property owners millions of dollars every year. Though it is not a violent
crime, it is one that can cause a lot of stress and hardship on the property owners. As such, many
jurisdictions create laws in an attempt to prevent vandalism.
Additionally, those convicted of vandalism are required to pay fines, spend time in jail, clean up the
vandalism, or face any number of penalties.
Instant Checkmate can help its users avoid dealing with this type of crime by allowing the user to run a
check on new acquaintances and learn if they have a history of this type of behavior.